GB653396A - Improvements in or relating to articles having spaced markings on surfaces thereof, such as optical gratings or sound records - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to articles having spaced markings on surfaces thereof, such as optical gratings or sound recordsInfo
- Publication number
- GB653396A GB653396A GB26128/47A GB2612847A GB653396A GB 653396 A GB653396 A GB 653396A GB 26128/47 A GB26128/47 A GB 26128/47A GB 2612847 A GB2612847 A GB 2612847A GB 653396 A GB653396 A GB 653396A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- vinyl
- unsaturated
- methyl
- alkyd resin
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00865—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C39/026—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/021—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00932—Combined cutting and grinding thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D17/00—Producing carriers of records containing fine grooves or impressions, e.g. disc records for needle playback, cylinder records; Producing record discs from master stencils
- B29D17/002—Producing phonograph records
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/06—Unsaturated polyesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
- G02B5/1852—Manufacturing methods using mechanical means, e.g. ruling with diamond tool, moulding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
- G03F7/001—Phase modulating patterns, e.g. refractive index patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/10—Thermosetting resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0002—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped monomers or prepolymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2017/00—Carriers for sound or information
- B29L2017/001—Carriers of records containing fine grooves or impressions, e.g. disc records for needle playback, cylinder records
- B29L2017/003—Records or discs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The surface of an article having spaced markings, e.g. an optical grating or sound record, is formed of the copolymerization product of an unsaturated alkyd resin and a material copolymerizable therewith. Examples of copolymerizable materials are compounds containing a CH2 = C< group, e.g. styrene and substituted styrenes, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl cyclohexane, vinyl furane, vinyl dibenzofuran, divinyl benzene, ethyl vinyl ether, diallyl, dimethyallyl and methallyl ethyl ethers, divinyl ketone, methyl vinyl and methyl allyl ketones, methylene methyl malonate and the allyl, methallyl, crotyl, chloroallyl, cinnamyl, vinyl, methyl vinyl, a -phenyllalyl and propargyl esters of acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, caproic, acrylic, alkacrylic, crotonic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, maleic, fumaric, citraconic, mesaconic, itaconic, acetylene dicarboxylic, aconitic, benzoic, toluic, phenylacetic, phthalic, terephthalic and benzoylphthalic; and methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and isobutyl esters of unsaturated acids. The unsaturated alkyd resin may be prepared from any polyhydric alcohol and a ,b -unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride. This may be modified by replacing part of the acid with a saturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or an aromatic polycarboxylic acid. The alkyd resin may also incorporate one or more saturated or unsaturated monohydric alcohols and/or one or more saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids so that inter-esterification occurs. Polymerization is effected, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, e.g. an organic peroxide, cobalt linoleate or naphthenate, p-toluene sulphonic acid, aluminium chloride, stannic chloride and boron trifluoride, at temperatures generally from 40-200 DEG C., and actinic light may be used. The viscosity of the mixture may be reduced by heating with an esterification catalyst, e.g. p-toluene sulphonic acid. The induction period may be reduced by bodying at a temperature of about 70-130 DEG C. An inhibitor may be used in the polymerization, examples being hydroquinone, benzaldehyde, ascorbic acid, resorcinol, tannin, sym. - di - (beta - naphthyl) - p - phenylene diamine, phenolic resins and sulphur compounds. These may be added before or during the preparation of the alkyd resin or before or after bodying. The mixture is poured on to a master article in a mould when separation may be facilitated by use of a lubricant, e.g. zinc stearate or a silicone resin; or it is interposed between the master article and a substrate to which it adheres and which itself may comprise the same polymerization product which may contain reinforcing fillers, e.g. wood flour, or be used as the bond in a laminate (see Group VIII). The substrate may also be made of materials such as glass, metal and polymethyl methacrylate. The surface itself may be lined or recorded on directly, and may be coated with a nitrocellulose solution or given a reflecting surface by spluttering on a thin layer of metal, e.g. aluminium. The compositions may contain dyes, pigments, natural resins, e.g. shellac, nylon, polyvinyl acetal, urea-formaldehyde resins, aminotriazine-aldehyde resins, nitrocellulose and plasticizers, e.g. tricresyl phosphate and dibutyl and dioctyl phthalates and sebacates.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US653396XA | 1946-10-11 | 1946-10-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB653396A true GB653396A (en) | 1951-05-16 |
Family
ID=22062027
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB26128/47A Expired GB653396A (en) | 1946-10-11 | 1947-09-26 | Improvements in or relating to articles having spaced markings on surfaces thereof, such as optical gratings or sound records |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB653396A (en) |
NL (1) | NL65953C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2333261A1 (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1977-06-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | RETROREFLECTING MATERIAL SUPPORTING ZONE NETWORKS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
WO2002012586A1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TOOL WHICH CAN BE USED TO CREATE SURFACE STRUCTURES IN THE SUB-νM RANGE |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55107310U (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-07-26 |
-
0
- NL NL65953D patent/NL65953C/xx active
-
1947
- 1947-09-26 GB GB26128/47A patent/GB653396A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2333261A1 (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1977-06-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | RETROREFLECTING MATERIAL SUPPORTING ZONE NETWORKS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
WO2002012586A1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TOOL WHICH CAN BE USED TO CREATE SURFACE STRUCTURES IN THE SUB-νM RANGE |
US7390531B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2008-06-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Method for producing a tool which can be used to create surface structures in the sub-μm range |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL65953C (en) |
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