GB645876A - Improvements in and relating to the extraction and purification of organic compounds - Google Patents

Improvements in and relating to the extraction and purification of organic compounds

Info

Publication number
GB645876A
GB645876A GB12763/47A GB1276347A GB645876A GB 645876 A GB645876 A GB 645876A GB 12763/47 A GB12763/47 A GB 12763/47A GB 1276347 A GB1276347 A GB 1276347A GB 645876 A GB645876 A GB 645876A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
membrane
solvent
solution
hyoscyamine
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB12763/47A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROBERT ANDREW GORDON STOCKDALE
William Ransom & Son Ltd
Original Assignee
ROBERT ANDREW GORDON STOCKDALE
William Ransom & Son Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ROBERT ANDREW GORDON STOCKDALE, William Ransom & Son Ltd filed Critical ROBERT ANDREW GORDON STOCKDALE
Priority to GB12763/47A priority Critical patent/GB645876A/en
Publication of GB645876A publication Critical patent/GB645876A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/24Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
    • B01D61/246Membrane extraction

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

Abstract

<PICT:0645876/IV (b)/1> The extraction of organic substances, e.g. alkaloids, in solution in one solvent is effected by another solvent, the two liquids being separated by a membrane which is permeable to the substance but not to more than one of the solvents and is insoluble in both solvents under the conditions of operation. If the two solvents are miscible, as in the case of water of different pH values, the membrane is impermeable to both liquids. If the solvents are immiscible and the membrane is permeable to one solvent only, an excess pressure is maintained on the second solvent in order to prevent the first solvent from penetrating the membrane. The membrane, which may be in tubular or sheet form and supported if desired, is saturated either with water (hydrophilic) or with a water immiscible solvent (hydrophobic) and may be made from parchment paper, agar-agar, rubber or polyvinyl chloride. A preferred membrane is one of polyvinyl chloride made by passing a fabric through a hot solution of the polymer, the membrane being saturated with a suitable solvent such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and amyl acetate or a blend of solvents which swell the membrane to a suitable degree. The process may be employed for the separation of two organic substances, e.g. hyoscine from hyoscyamine, by countercurrent extraction fractionation, or for the separation of crystal-line substances from resinous bodies of otherwise similar chemical structure, as for example, atropine and belladonnine. As applied to the extraction of hyoscine and hyoscyamine (including atropine) from an alkaline aqueous solution of hyoscyamus muticus, a polyvinyl chloride tubular membrane 1 is employed. The membrane is enclosed by a spaced glass tube 2, the aqueous liquids passing through the space between the glass and the membrane and the immiscible solvent passing countercurrently inside the tubular membrane. An excess pressure is maintained on the aqueous liquid. In stage 1, the aqueous alkaline solution flows into tube 2 through pipe 3 and the alkaloids are extracted by a solvent, e.g. chloroform or chlorobenzene flowing countercurrently through pipe 4. In stage 2 the alkaloids are extracted from the solvent in pipe 4 by N/10 sulphuric acid flowing countercurrently through entry 5 into tube 2; Substage A strips the fluid issuing at outlet 7 of hyoscyamine which is returned to stage 2 in solution in the solvent. Substage B strips the fluid issuing at outlet 6 of hyoscine which is returned to the appropriate place in stage 2. A solution of the salts of volatile bases with some hyoscyamine sulphate is obtained from outlet 10, a solution of pure hyoscyamine sulphate from outlet 11 and a solution of hyoscine sulphate mixed with some hyoscyamine from outlet 8.ALSO:<PICT:0645876/III/1> The extraction of organic substances, e.g. alkaloids, in solution in one solvent is effected by another solvent, the two liquids being separated by a membrane which is permeable to the substance but not to more than one of the solvents and is insoluble in both solvents under the conditions of operation. If the two solvents are miscible, as in the case of water of different pH values, the membrane is impermeable to both liquids. If the solvents are immiscible and the membrane is permeable to one solvent only, an excess pressure is maintained on the second solvent in order to prevent the first solvent from penetrating the membrane. The membrane, which may be in tubular or sheet form and supported if desired, is saturated either with water (hydrophilic) or with a water-immiscible solvent (hydrophobic) and may be made from parchment paper, agar-agar, rubber or polyvinyl chloride. A preferred membrane is one of polyvinyl chloride made by passing a fabric through a hot solution of the polymer, the membrane being saturated with a suitable solvent such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and amyl acetate or a blend of solvents which swell the membrane to a suitable degree. The process may be employed for the separation of two organic substances, e.g. hyoscine from hyoscyamine, by counter-current extractive fractionation, or for the separation of crystalline substances from resinous bodies of otherwise similar chemical structure, as, for example, atropine and belladonnine. As applied to the extraction of hyoscine and hyoscyamine (including atropine) from an alkaline aqueous solution of hyoscyamus muticus, a polyvinyl chloride tubular membrane 1 is employed. The membrane is enclosed by a spaced glass tube 2, the aqueous liquids passing through the space between the glass and the membrane and the immiscible solvent passing countercurrently inside the tubular membrane. An excess pressure is maintained on the aqueous liquid. In stage 1, the aqueous alkaline solution flows into tube 2 through pipe 3 and the alkaloids are extracted by a solvent, e.g. chloroform or chlorobenzene flowing countercurrently through pipe 4. In stage 2 the alkaloids are extracted from the solvent in pipe 4 by N/10 sulphuric acid flowing countercurrently through entry 5 into tube 2. Substage A strips the fluid issuing at outlet 7 of hyoscyamine which is returned to stage 2 in solution in the solvent. Substage B strips the fluid issuing at outlet 6 of hyoscine which is returned to the appropriate place in stage 2. A solution of the salts of volatile bases with some hyoscyamine sulphate is obtained from outlet 10, a solution of pure hyoscyamine sulphate from outlet 11 and a solution of hyoscine sulphate mixed with some hyoscyamine from outlet 8.
GB12763/47A 1947-05-12 1947-05-12 Improvements in and relating to the extraction and purification of organic compounds Expired GB645876A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB12763/47A GB645876A (en) 1947-05-12 1947-05-12 Improvements in and relating to the extraction and purification of organic compounds

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB12763/47A GB645876A (en) 1947-05-12 1947-05-12 Improvements in and relating to the extraction and purification of organic compounds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB645876A true GB645876A (en) 1950-11-08

Family

ID=10010676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB12763/47A Expired GB645876A (en) 1947-05-12 1947-05-12 Improvements in and relating to the extraction and purification of organic compounds

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB645876A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2212163A1 (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-07-26 Allied Chem
FR2333546A1 (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-07-01 Monsanto Co PROCESS FOR SEPARATION BY MEMBRANE OF NEUTRAL ORGANIC PRODUCTS FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND NEW PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED
FR2404404A1 (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-04-27 Gen Foods Corp DECAFEINATION USING MEMBRANES
EP0088458A2 (en) * 1982-03-04 1983-09-14 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Process for the separation of a liquid mixture
GB2399039A (en) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-08 Membrane Extraction Tech Ltd Removal of undissociated organic acids or bases from a fluid stream

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2212163A1 (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-07-26 Allied Chem
FR2333546A1 (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-07-01 Monsanto Co PROCESS FOR SEPARATION BY MEMBRANE OF NEUTRAL ORGANIC PRODUCTS FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND NEW PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED
FR2404404A1 (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-04-27 Gen Foods Corp DECAFEINATION USING MEMBRANES
EP0088458A2 (en) * 1982-03-04 1983-09-14 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Process for the separation of a liquid mixture
EP0088458A3 (en) * 1982-03-04 1984-03-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process for the separation of a liquid mixture
GB2399039A (en) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-08 Membrane Extraction Tech Ltd Removal of undissociated organic acids or bases from a fluid stream
GB2399039B (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-05-25 Membrane Extraction Tech Ltd Process for removing undissociated organic acids or bases dissolved in a fluid stream

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