GB618674A - Improvements in or relating to the catalytic polymerization of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the catalytic polymerization of hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- GB618674A GB618674A GB21727/45A GB2172745A GB618674A GB 618674 A GB618674 A GB 618674A GB 21727/45 A GB21727/45 A GB 21727/45A GB 2172745 A GB2172745 A GB 2172745A GB 618674 A GB618674 A GB 618674A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- kieselguhr
- oxide
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/10—Catalytic processes with metal oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/745—Iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/75—Cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/755—Nickel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Abstract
A catalyst for olefin polymerization comprises an oxide of iron, nickel or cobalt activated by pre-treatment at 400-700 DEG C. for at least 1/2 hr. with a gas containing free oxygen. Nickel oxide on kieselguhr, alumina, charcoal or the like is preferred. Basic nickel carbonate may be precipitated on kieselguhr, reduced with hydrogen at 300-400 DEG C., and oxidized with oxygen-nitrogen containing 1-10 per cent oxygen of which a deficiency or excess may be used. Alternatively, the carbonate may be converted directly to oxide by heating in air or nickel nitrate decomposed to oxide and then activated. Polymerization is effected in liquid or gas phase. Diluents, especially higher boiling normal or cyclo-paraffins, may be present. Polymerization activity is increased by addition of alkali or alkaline earth metals or their alloys or amalgams, preferably in liquid state. Contact times may be 30 secs. to 12 hrs. In examples, a catalyst prepared by precipitating basic nickel carbonate on kieselguhr, reducing in hydrogen at 400 DEG C., oxidizing with a 2 per cent oxygen in nitrogen mixture at 600 DEG C., and cooling in nitrogen is charged, alone or with purified pentane or pentane and sodium, to an autoclave in a nitrogen atmosphere, heated to 105-110 DEG C. and used for ethylene polymerization. Catalysts prepared by decomposing the nickel carbonate on kieselguhr or nickel nitrate on activated alumina in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures, followed by activation are used similarly.ALSO:Olefins of two to five carbon atoms are polymerized to higher aliphatic olefins by passing at 0-225 DEG C., preferably 50-150 DEG C., and a pressure between atmospheric and 2000 p.s.i., in contact with a catalyst comprising an oxide of iron, nickel or cobalt, activated by pre-treatment at 400-700 DEG C. for at least 1/2 hour with a gas containing free oxygen. Nickel oxide on kieselguhr, alumina, charcoal or the like is preferred. Basic nickel carbonate may be precipitated on kieselguhr, reduced with hydrogen at 300-400 DEG C., and oxidized with oxygen-nitrogen containing 1-10 per cent oxygen of which a deficiency or excess may be used. Alternatively, the carbonate may be converted directly to oxide by heating in air or nickel nitrate decomposed to oxide and then activated. Polymerization is effected in liquid or gas phase. Diluents, especially higher boiling, normal or cyclo paraffins, may be present. The charge may be purified with nickel on kieselguhr at 200 DEG C., followed by caustic soda on asbestos or with a metal forming alkyl derivatives reactive with water, such as sodium, mixed with an iron group metal at 50-150 DEG C. as described in U.S.A. Specification 2,378,969. Polymerization activity is increased by addition of alkali or alkaline-earth metals, or their alloys or amalgams, preferably in liquid state. Contact times may be 30 secs. to 12 hours. The products range from dimers to viscous oils or waxes with a minimum of chain branching. They may be separated into fractions which can be polymerized with halides to lubricants, hydrogentated to motor fuels or depolymerized partially and the products polymerized or used to alkylate aromatics or isoparaffins. In examples, a catalyst prepared by precipitating basic nickel carbonate on kieselguhr, reducing in hydrogen at 400 DEG C., oxidizing with a 2 per cent oxygen in nitrogen mixture at 600 DEG C., and cooling in nitrogen, is charged alone or with purified pentane or pentane and sodium, to an autoclave, in a nitrogen atmosphere, heated to 105-110 DEG C., and purified ethylene passed in to maintain a pressure of 600 p.s.i. over 2 hours when the polymer is separated into butene-1 and -2 and higher fractions. A pelleted catalyst at 50 DEG C. is treated with a stream of purified ethylene giving merely butene-1 and -2. Catalysts prepared by decomposing the nickel carbonate on kieselguhr or nickel nitrate on activated alumina in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures, followed by activation are used similarly. Propylene is polymerized with an activated nickel oxide on kieselguhr in presence of sodium and pentane at 110-115 DEG C. and a maximum pressure of 1400 p.s.i.ALSO:Olefins of two to five carbon atoms are polymerized to higher aliphatic olefins by passing, at 0-225 DEG , preferably 50-150 DEG C., and a pressure between atmospheric and 2000 p.s.i., in contact with a catalyst comprising an oxide of iron, nickel or cobalt activated by pretreatment at 400-700 DEG C. for at least 1/2 hr. with a gas containing free oxygen. Nickel oxide on kieselguhr, alumina charcoal or the like is preferred. Basic nickel carbonate may be precipitated on kieselguhr, reduced with hydrogen at 300-400 DEG C., and oxidized with oxygen-nitrogen containing 1-10 per cent oxygen of which a deficiency or excess may be used. Alternatively, the carbonate may be converted directly to oxide by heating in air or nickel nitrate decomposed to oxide and then activated. Polymerization is effected in liquid or gas phase. Diluents, especially higher boiling normal or cyclo-paraffins, may be present. The charge may be purified with nickel on kieselguhr at 200 DEG C., followed by caustic soda on asbestos or with a metal forming alkyl derivatives reactive with water, such as sodium, mixed with an iron group metal at 50-150 DEG C., as described in U.S.A. Specification 2,378,969. Polymerization activity is increased by addition of alkali or alkaline-earth metals or their alloys or amalgams, preferably in liquid state. Contact times may be 30 secs. to 12 hrs. The products range from dimers to viscous oils or waxes with a minimum of chain branching. They may be separated into fractions which can be polymerized with halides to lubricants, hydrogenated to motor fuels or depolymerized partially and the products polymerized or used to alkylate aromatics or isoparaffins. In examples, a catalyst prepared by precipitating basic nickel carbonate on kieselguhr, reducing in hydrogen at 400 DEG C., oxidizing with a 2 per cent oxygen in nitrogen mixture at 600 DEG C. and cooling in nitrogen, is charged alone or with purified pentane or pentane and sodium to an autoclave, in a nitrogen atmosphere, heated to 105-110 DEG C., and purified ethylene passed in to maintain a pressure of 600 p.s.i. over 2 hrs. when the polymer is separated into butene-1 and -2 and higher fractions. A pelleted catalyst at 50 DEG C. is treated with a stream of purified ethylene giving mainly butene-1 and -2. Catalysts prepared by decomposing the nickel carbonate on kieselguhr or nickel nitrate on activated alumina in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures, followed by activation are used similarly. Propylene is polymerized with an activated nickel oxide on kieselguhr in presence of sodium and pentane at 110-115 DEG C. and a mazimum pressure of 1400 p.s.i.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US618674XA | 1961-06-12 | 1961-06-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB618674A true GB618674A (en) | 1949-02-25 |
Family
ID=22038655
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB21727/45A Expired GB618674A (en) | 1942-03-23 | 1945-08-24 | Improvements in or relating to the catalytic polymerization of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE618674A (en) |
GB (1) | GB618674A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008042177A1 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-10 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Effervescent nozzle for catalyst injection |
EP2081966A1 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2009-07-29 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Method for preventing catalyst agglomeration based on production rate changes |
-
1945
- 1945-08-24 GB GB21727/45A patent/GB618674A/en not_active Expired
-
1962
- 1962-06-07 BE BE618674A patent/BE618674A/en unknown
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008042177A1 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-10 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Effervescent nozzle for catalyst injection |
EP2081966A1 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2009-07-29 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Method for preventing catalyst agglomeration based on production rate changes |
US7989562B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2011-08-02 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for preventing catalyst agglomeration based on production rate changes |
EP2081966A4 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2013-10-02 | Univation Tech Llc | Method for preventing catalyst agglomeration based on production rate changes |
EP3467077A1 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2019-04-10 | Univation Technologies, LLC | System for olefin polymerization |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE618674A (en) | 1962-10-01 |
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