GB614459A - Improvements in and relating to the production of opaque optical components - Google Patents

Improvements in and relating to the production of opaque optical components

Info

Publication number
GB614459A
GB614459A GB2046246A GB2046246A GB614459A GB 614459 A GB614459 A GB 614459A GB 2046246 A GB2046246 A GB 2046246A GB 2046246 A GB2046246 A GB 2046246A GB 614459 A GB614459 A GB 614459A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
syrup
preform
film
metal
mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB2046246A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHARLES HAMPDEN CROOKS
WILLIAM ANTHONY GREENWOOD
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
CHARLES HAMPDEN CROOKS
WILLIAM ANTHONY GREENWOOD
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHARLES HAMPDEN CROOKS, WILLIAM ANTHONY GREENWOOD, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical CHARLES HAMPDEN CROOKS
Priority to GB2046246A priority Critical patent/GB614459A/en
Publication of GB614459A publication Critical patent/GB614459A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0074Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics

Abstract

A polymerizable syrup for coating a metal core to form a diffraction grating or mirror base comprises (a) one or more polymerizable organic compounds which are in liquid form and contain, per molecule, one or more CH2= C< groups and no hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl or other hydrophilic groups, and (b) 1-30 per cent by weight of the syrup of one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides that are capable of copolymerizing with the polymerizable constituents of the syrup. The syrup may contain also one or more dissolved thermoplastic polymers or copolymers containing the group CH2=C<. The said organic compounds may be styrene, methyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, esters of alpha-fluoroacrylic acid and fluorinated alcohols, allyl methacrylate, diallyl fumarate, diethylene di-(allyl carbonate) and di-(methacryloxy ethylene) phthalate. The said acids may be acrylic, chloroacrylic, methacrylic, maleic and fumaric acids. The syrup may be made by dissolving polymer in monomer, and/or by heating monomer, and/or by subjecting monomer to light. The polymer that is dissolved in the monomer may be of low molecular weight, e.g. 5000 to 20,000. Such low molecular weight polymers may be obtained by heating high molecular weight polymers, e.g. on hot mixing rolls, or by polymerizing monomer in the presence of either large amounts of catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide or a chain-ending compound such as turpentine. The coating is polymerized by heat and/or light. The presence of bubbles in the polymerized coating may be minimized by subjecting the syrup to vacuum treatment before polymerization and by applying pressure to the syrup during polymerization, e.g. in an autoclave. As the syrup polymerizes and contracts, there is a tendency to draw air into the coating; this may be offset by providing a reservoir of the syrup around the edge of the coating, so that syrup rather than air is drawn in between the core and the mould that is used to form the coating.ALSO:A film of synthetic resin is trapped between the surface of a metal preform and a mould surface and is polymerized by heat and/or light at a temperature insufficient to cause the formation of bubbles in the film of syrup or to melt the preform. Diffraction gratings composed essentially of metal may be made thus, or the radius of curvature of a metal surface to be used as a base for a mirror may be corrected. The coated metal preform may be made into a mirror by coating the resin film with metal, e.g. by evaporating the metal from a heated filament on to the film in a highly evacuated chamber. The syrup is composed essentially of one or more polymerizable organic compounds which are in liquid form and contain, per molecule, one or more CH2=C< groups and no hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl or other hydrophilic groups, e.g. styrene, methyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2, 2, 2-trifluorethyl methacrylate, esters of alpha fluoroacrylic acid and fluorinated alcohols, allyl methacrylate, diallyl fumarate, diethylene di (allyl carbonate) or di (methacryloxy ethylene phthalate). The syrup contains also 1 - 30 per cent. by weight of one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or acid anhydrides that are capable of co-polymerizing with the polymerizable constituents of the film, e.g. acrylic, chloroacrylic, methacrylic, maleic or fumaric acid. The syrup may contain also one or more dissolved thermoplastic polymers, e.g. polymethyl methacrylate. The metal preform has an accuracy of shape and surface such that the maximum allowable variation in the preform from the ideal surface of the resin-coated preform is equal to the maximum variation allowed (in the finished optical component) from the ideal surface multiplied by dp/dp-ds, where d p is the density of the polymer produced from the syrup and d s is the density of the syrup. Thus, if it is desired to make a plane mirror in which the maximum variation from a true plane must not be greater than 0.00004 inch, using a syrup the specific gravity of which is 1.027 and the specific gravity of the polymer produced from which is 1.189, the maximum permissible variation in the surface of the preform from the true plane is 0.0004 x 1.189/1.189-1.027=0.00029 inch. The mould has an accuracy such that deviations of its surface from the ideal are negligible compared with deviations of the preform surface. The presence of bubbles in the film of resin that coats the metal preform may be minimized by subjecting the syrup to vacuum treatment before polymerization and by applying pressure to the material during polymerization, e.g. in an autoclave. The film may be applied to the preform by placing a drop of syrup on the shaped surface of the mould, placing the preform in the drop, and holding the preform in this position (spaced from the mould surface) before and during polymerization. The syrup may be allowed to stand as a film between the mould and preform for half an hour before polymerization, to ensure uniform thickness of the film. As the syrup polymerizes and contracts, there is a tendency to draw air into the film; this may be offset by providing a reservoir of syrup around the edge of the film, so that syrup rather than air is drawn in. The metal of the preform may be steel, cast iron, copper, brass, lead or light alloy. The mould may be made of glass, and may be coated with lubricant, e.g. ethyl palmitate.
GB2046246A 1946-07-09 1946-07-09 Improvements in and relating to the production of opaque optical components Expired GB614459A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2046246A GB614459A (en) 1946-07-09 1946-07-09 Improvements in and relating to the production of opaque optical components

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2046246A GB614459A (en) 1946-07-09 1946-07-09 Improvements in and relating to the production of opaque optical components

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB614459A true GB614459A (en) 1948-12-15

Family

ID=10146339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB2046246A Expired GB614459A (en) 1946-07-09 1946-07-09 Improvements in and relating to the production of opaque optical components

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB614459A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339400A (en) * 1981-05-11 1982-07-13 Sorko Ram Paul A Process for producing three-dimensional, mirrored acrylic articles
US4948537A (en) * 1987-12-28 1990-08-14 Sony Corporation Method of producing a resin mold for rear projection screen
EP3402830B1 (en) * 2016-01-11 2022-09-07 Arkema France Liquid composition comprising a multistage polymer, its method of preparation and its use

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339400A (en) * 1981-05-11 1982-07-13 Sorko Ram Paul A Process for producing three-dimensional, mirrored acrylic articles
US4948537A (en) * 1987-12-28 1990-08-14 Sony Corporation Method of producing a resin mold for rear projection screen
EP3402830B1 (en) * 2016-01-11 2022-09-07 Arkema France Liquid composition comprising a multistage polymer, its method of preparation and its use

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