GB595760A - Improvements in or relating to the production of useful articles from coal - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the production of useful articles from coalInfo
- Publication number
- GB595760A GB595760A GB2580044A GB2580044A GB595760A GB 595760 A GB595760 A GB 595760A GB 2580044 A GB2580044 A GB 2580044A GB 2580044 A GB2580044 A GB 2580044A GB 595760 A GB595760 A GB 595760A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- firing
- product
- atmosphere
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title abstract 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 10
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydride Chemical compound [H-] KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 halogen halide Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004523 agglutinating Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003850 cellular structures Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XXGJRAFLOAKNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular hydrogen Chemical compound C.[H][H] XXGJRAFLOAKNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Moulded products are produced from bituminous coal without the use of a binding-agent by finely grinding a coal having good agglutinating properties, moulding to the desired shape and firing, in the presence of a chemical swell-inhibiting agent, above 550 DEG C., and preferably above 700 DEG C., in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under such conditions that the product is not swollen, has a greater density than that of the coal used and has no visible cellular structure. The product is also resistant to boiling toluene and aniline, has a tensile strength exceeding 3000 lbs. per square inch and a modulus of rupture exceeding 5000 lbs. per square inch, has a porosity in methyl alcohol not exceeding 15 per cent., is unaffected by heat in a non-oxidizing atmosphere up to 2600 DEG C., and has good electrical conductivity. The swell-inhibiting agent is one which effects a chemical decomposition of some of the coal constituents during firing, generates a volatile hydride in the presence of hydrogen or hydrocarbon, and, by reason of its action on the coal constituents prevents intumescence and facilitates the evolution of gas. The agent, if solid, is finely ground and intimately mixed with the ground coal; if liquid, it may be mixed with the coal before moulding or may be applied, as by spraying, to the moulded article before firing; or, if a volatile liquid or a gas, it may be introduced into the firing atmosphere. It may be (a) a halogen, or a compound which, during firing, generates a halogen or halogen halide without other elements which act to oxidise the coal or affect the strength or distortion of the product; (b) a member of the sixth group of the periodic system other than oxygen or the metallic elements, or a compound thereof which exists as or can generate a volatile hydride in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrocarbon during firing, provided that other deleterious elements such as oxygen and chlorine are not evolved; or (c) an element other than those of the vanadium sub-group, of the fifth group of the periodic table, or a compound thereof which exists as or generates a volatile hydride under the firing conditions. The coal is one having a swelling-number of 2-10, preferably 6-10, the higher values being employed when a tough product is desired; low ash-content is necessary if the product is to be of good electrical conductivity. The coal and inhibiting-agent, if solid, are ground so that 95 per cent. pass a 200 B.S. sieve, and 60 per cent. of the particles are smaller than 10 microns. Mixing is effected in a blending mill of the type known under the Registered Trade Mark "Kek." Moulding may be effected under a pressure from 1/2 to 10 tons per square inch, normally for only a short time at atmospheric temperature. Moulding may be effected in an ordinary press or by extrusion. The non-oxidizing firing atmosphere may be obtained by embedding the article in granular material which evolves non-oxidizing gases, e.g., a coal of high volatile content and little coking property, or by passing a stream of gas through the furnace. If hydrogen is used, the flow should be as small as possible provided a non-oxidizing atmosphere is maintained to avoid interaction with the unsaturated constituents of the coal and thus to produce a greater deposition of carbon in the pores of the article. If town gas is employed, any oxidizing constituents should be removed. Preferably the atmosphere contains an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as ethylene or other olefine, or a readily-cracked hydrocarbon such as benzene, particularly in the temperature range 450-850 DEG C., whereby carbon deposition is increased and a harder, less porous product is obtained. Firing is at a controlled rate, and must be relatively slow in the range 300-450 DEG C. to avoid intumescence. The products may be electroplated or glazed; in the latter case, they are preferably first treated with a wetting agent. According to examples (a) 2 per cent. of crystallized iodine is added to the coal; (b) 1.5 per cent. of sulphur is employed; (c) firing is conducted in an atmosphere of ammonia. According to the Provisional Specifications, the product may be treated to a pore-filling operation as described in Specification 593,079 or by treating with a liquid monomer and subsequent polymerization. Specifications 512,882, [Group XII], and 595,759 also are referred to.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE467197D BE467197A (en) | 1944-12-22 | ||
DEC35A DE854470C (en) | 1944-12-22 | 1949-10-18 | Process for the production of objects from coal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB595760A true GB595760A (en) | 1947-12-16 |
Family
ID=1739530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB2580044A Expired GB595760A (en) | 1944-12-22 | 1944-12-22 | Improvements in or relating to the production of useful articles from coal |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB595760A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0118232A1 (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-12 | Development Finance Corporation Of New Zealand | Methods of manufacturing dense high quality carbon products |
-
1944
- 1944-12-22 GB GB2580044A patent/GB595760A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0118232A1 (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-12 | Development Finance Corporation Of New Zealand | Methods of manufacturing dense high quality carbon products |
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