GB594982A - Improvements relating to the high temperature cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Improvements relating to the high temperature cracking of hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- GB594982A GB594982A GB730845A GB730845A GB594982A GB 594982 A GB594982 A GB 594982A GB 730845 A GB730845 A GB 730845A GB 730845 A GB730845 A GB 730845A GB 594982 A GB594982 A GB 594982A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- conduit
- zone
- reaction
- reaction zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract 8
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 abstract 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/04—Thermal processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/28—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles
- C01B3/30—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/06—Catalytic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/28—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid material
- C10G9/32—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid material according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of normally gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane to give hydrogen and/or highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as acetylene or ethylene is effected at above 1800 DEG F. in a reaction zone containing a finely-divided refractory solid, a stream of which is continuously withdrawn, passed to a zone where it is heated materially above the reaction zone temperature and recycled to the reaction zone, the rate of flow of the solid through the system being such as to maintain the temperature in the reaction zone substantially constant. The refractory solid may be inert, e.g., carborundum, brick dust, sand, silica, metal and alloy powders, or may comprise a dehydrogenation catalyst, e.g., metals of Group 8. The heating is effected by combustion of the carbon carried out of the reaction zone or other combustible material injected into the heating zone. Methane, preheated to 500-1000 DEG F., is fed by line 10 to conduit 11 into which heated powder is fed from conduit 121 through valve 13. The amount and temperature of the powder is sufficient to give a reaction temperature of, for example, 1800-2600 DEG F. The suspension passes to reactor 12 and, for reactions not requiring a short contact time, the gas velocity is sufficiently low to give a dense layer of powder above the grid 131, the depth of said layer being controlled to give the required contact time. Products pass through a separator 14 and washer 19 to remove entrained powder which is returned by conduits 15, 20. Powder is withdrawn from reactor 12 by conduit 23, into which steam, hydrogen, methane or other gas may be introduced by lines 25, 26 to strip volatile hydrocarbons, and is fed in a stream of air through line 29 to a carbon burner 31 constructed similar to reactor 12 wherein a dense layer of powder forms above grid 32. The hot powder discharges into conduit 121 into which the feed or other gas may be introduced, as at 34, to maintain fluidity. Combustion products are treated to <PICT:0594982/III/1> remove powder and leave by line 37. Where excess heat is produced, part of the powder may be taken by a conduit 42 to line 44 through which a stream of air passes and carries the powder through a suitable heat exchanger 45 before return to the burner 31. For production of acetylene, short contact times followed by rapid quenching are required. The conduit 11 may form the reaction zone, and reactor 12 a quenching zone. A dense layer of powder at 1000 DEG F. or below on the grid 131 is continuously withdrawn through conduit 51, and carried by an air stream through cooler 54 before return. Aerating lines 56-58 are provided. In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), the enlarged reaction or quenching zone 12 is omitted and reaction is effected in a vertical conduit discharging into a separator for rapid removal of the powder. This is discharged into a standpipe with aerating means for forming a suspension and conveyance to the burner. Products leaving the separator are treated by injecting a quenching material. The carbon burner has internal cooling tubes for removing excess heat from the powder. Specifications 568,913 and 582,624 are referred to.ALSO:Thermal decomposition of normally gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane to give hydrogen and/or highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as acetylene or ethylene is effected at above 1800 DEG F. in a reaction zone containing a finely-divided refractory solid, a stream of which is continuously withdrawn, passed to a zone where it is heated materially above the reaction zone temperature, and recycled to the reaction <PICT:0594982/IV/1> zone, the rate of flow of the solid through the system being such as to maintain the temperature in the reaction zone substantially constant. The refractory solid may be inert, e.g. carborundum, brick dust, sand, silica, metal and alloy powders, or may comprise a dehydrogenation catalyst, e.g. metals of Group 8. The heating is effected by combustion of the carbon carried out of the reaction zone or other combustible material injected into the heating zone. Methane, preheated to 500-1000 DEG F., is fed by line 10 to conduit 11 into which heated powder is fed from conduit 121 through valve 13. The amount and temperature of the powder is sufficient to give a reaction temperature of, for example, 1800-2600 DEG F. The suspension passes to reactor 12 and, for reactions not requiring a short contact time, the gas velocity is sufficiently low to give a dense layer of powder above the grid 131, the depth of said layer being controlled to give the required contact time. Products pass through a separator 14 and washer 19 to remove entrained powder which is returned by conduits 15, 20. Powder is withdrawn from reactor 12 by conduit 23, into which steam, hydrogen, methane or other gas may be introduced by lines 25, 26 to strip volatile hydrocarbons and is fed in a stream of air through line 29 to a carbon burner 31, constructed similar to reactor 12, wherein a dense layer of powder forms above grid 32. The hot powder discharges into conduit 121 into which the feed or other gas may be introduced, as at 34, to maintain fluidity. Combustion products are treated to remove powder and leave by line 37. Where excess heat is produced, part of the powder may be taken by a conduit 42 to line 44 through which a stream of air passes and carries the powder through a suitable heat-exchanger 45 before return to the burner 31. For production of acetylene, short contact times followed by rapid quenching are required. The conduit 11 may form the reaction zone, and reactor 12 a quenching zone. A dense layer of powder at 1000 DEG F. or below on the grid 131 is continuously withdrawn through conduit 51, and carried by an air stream through cooler 54 before return. Aerating lines 56-58 are provided. In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), the enlarged reaction or quenching zone 12 is omitted and reaction is effected in a vertical conduit discharging into a separator for rapid removal of the powder. This is discharged into a stand-pipe with aerating means for forming a suspension and conveyance to the burner. Products leaving the separator are treated by injecting a quenching material. The carbon burner has internal cooling tubes for removing excess heat from the powder. Specifications 568,913 and 582,624, [Group III], are referred to.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB594982A true GB594982A (en) | 1947-11-24 |
Family
ID=1628936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB730845A Expired GB594982A (en) | 1945-03-22 | Improvements relating to the high temperature cracking of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB594982A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015128485A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Fuel cracking in a fluidized bed system |
-
1945
- 1945-03-22 GB GB730845A patent/GB594982A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015128485A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Fuel cracking in a fluidized bed system |
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