GB431679A - Improvements in concrete and hydraulic cement - Google Patents

Improvements in concrete and hydraulic cement

Info

Publication number
GB431679A
GB431679A GB30948/33A GB3094833A GB431679A GB 431679 A GB431679 A GB 431679A GB 30948/33 A GB30948/33 A GB 30948/33A GB 3094833 A GB3094833 A GB 3094833A GB 431679 A GB431679 A GB 431679A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
water
parts
added
cement
naphthalene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB30948/33A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dewey & Almy Ltd
Original Assignee
Dewey & Almy Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dewey & Almy Ltd filed Critical Dewey & Almy Ltd
Publication of GB431679A publication Critical patent/GB431679A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/20Sulfonated aromatic compounds
    • C04B24/22Condensation or polymerisation products thereof

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

A cement-peptizing agent is incorporated in a structural concrete mix comprising cement, coarse aggregates and water, or in any of the constituents of the mix whereby reduction in water is permissible without diminution in plasticity or strength. Tests for showing whether any given peptizing-agent peptizes cement are described. The preferred agents are those which do not substantially reduce the surface tension of water or produce foam. Such compounds are water-soluble compounds, particularly sulphonic acids, their salts and derivatives, containing a number of aromatic nuclei directly attached to an aliphatic nucleus. These can be prepared by sulphonation of a hydrocarbon or derivative thereof having the necessary configuration, e.g. dinaphthylmethane, or by reacting an aromatic sulphonic acid with formaldehyde or substance yielding the same, e.g. methylal, paraformaldehyde, or polyhydroxymethylenes, preferably in the ratio of 2 mols. of sulphonic acid to 1 mol. of aldehyde. Naphthalene sulphonic acids or their homologues or derivatives are preferred. The initial condensation is believed to be followed by polymerization and best results are obtained by subjecting the product to a controlled polymerization. The condensation product has a formula (A--R--A<1>) SO3M, A and A<1> being two or more aromatic groups, R a single alkyl group or a plurality of alkyl groups in straight or branched chain formation and SO3M at least one sulphonic acid group or the said group combined with a soluble salt-forming radical. The b -naphthalene sulphonic acid condensation product may be prepared as follows: 100 parts by weight of naphthalene are added to 100 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid at 160 DEG C. The mass is stirred at 160 DEG C. for 4 hours or longer till completely sulphonated. It is cooled to 100 DEG C., diluted with 44 parts of water, further cooled to 80 DEG C., and 12 parts of a 40 per cent aqueous formaldehyde solution added. The mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 80 DEG C., 12 parts more of formaldehyde solution being added at the end of each hour. The temperature is raised over 1 hour to 95--100 DEG C. and is maintained for 18 hours with constant stirring. The final heating period may vary according to the starting materials and conditions of reaction. The product is cooled, neutralized with alkali, e.g. NaOH, and if desired dried. Alternatively it is diluted with 3 times its volume of water and neutralized with lime. Calcium sulphate is filtered off, sodium carbonate added to the filtrate, calcium carbonate removed by filtration and the filtrate evaporated to dryness. The sulphonation may be conducted in a cast iron vessel, the reaction with formaldehyde in enamelled or lead-lined apparatus. Sulphonic acids of benzene, diphenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, or fluorene may be employed similarly. Methyl, ethyl or other alkyl naphthalenes may replace the naphthalene, and other alkyl aromatic compounds such as xylene, cumene, or retene can be employed, but condensation products derived from such alkyl compounds are apt to reduce surface tension and cause foaming. British Specifications 120,918, [Class 22], 263,571, 319,103, [both in Class 70], 361,094 and 392,246, [both in Group V], and U.S.A. Specification 1,863,990 are referred to. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 391,582, [Group V].ALSO:A cement-peptizing agent is incorporated in a structural concrete mix comprising cement, coarse aggregates and water, or in any of the constituents of the mix, whereby reduction in water is permissible without diminution in plasticity or strength. Tests for showing whether any given peptizing agent peptizes cement are described. The preferred agents are those which do not substantially reduce the surface tension of water or produce foam. Such compounds are water-soluble compounds, particularly sulphonic acids, their salts and derivatives, containing a number of aromatic nuclei directly attached to an aliphatic nucleus. These can be prepared by sulphonation of a hydrocarbon or derivative thereof having the necessary configuration, e.g. dinaphthyl methane, or by reacting an aromatic sulphonic acid with formaldehyde or substance yielding the same, e.g. methylal, paraformaldehyde, or polyhydroxy methylenes, preferably in the ratio of 2 mols. of sulphonic acid to 1 mol. of aldehyde. Naphthalene sulphonic acids or their homologues or derivatives are preferred. The initial condensation is believed to be followed by polymerization and best results are obtained by subjecting the product to a controlled polymerization. The condensation product has a formula (A-R-A1)SO3M, A and A1 being two or more aromatic groups, R a single alkyl group or a plurality of alkyl groups in straight or branched chain formation, and SO3M at least one sulphonic acid group or the said group combined with a soluble saltforming radical. The b -naphthalene sulphonic acid condensation product may be prepared as follows: 100 parts by weight of naphthalene are added to 100 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid at 160 DEG C. The mass is stirred at 160 DEG C. for 4 hours or longer till completely sulphonated. It is cooled to 100 DEG C., diluted with 44 parts of water, further cooled to 80 DEG C., and 12 parts of a 40 per cent aqueous formaldehyde solution added. The mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 80 DEG C., 12 parts more of formaldehyde solution being added at the end of each hour. The temperatures is raised over 1 hour to 95-100 DEG C. and is maintained for 18 hours with constant stirring. The final heating period may vary according to the starting materials and conditions of reaction. The product is cooled, neutralized with alkali, e.g. NaOH, and if desired dried. Alternatively, it is diluted with 3 times its volume of water and neutralized with lime. Calcium sulphate is filtered off, sodium carbonate added to the filtrate, calcium carbonate removed by filtration and the filtrate evaporated to dryness. The sulphonation may be conducted in a cast iron vessel, the reaction with formaldehyde in enamelled or lead-lined apparatus. Sulphonic acids of benzene, diphenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, or fluorence may be employed similarly. Methyl, ethyl, or other alkyl naphthalenes may replace the naphthalene, and other alkyl aromatic compounds such as xylene, cumene, or retene can be employed, but condensation products derived from such alkyl compounds are apt to reduce surface tension and cause foaming. One to three parts of the agent are used per 100 parts of hydraulic cement. It may be added to the latter conveniently in the form of a master batch in which it is mixed with ground cement or gypsum. The master batch may be added to the clinker before entering the tube mill or to the ground cement. Alternatively, the agent is added to the gauging water. Concretes according to the invention may include the common admixtures such as diatomaceous earth, heavy metal stearates and oleates, and calcium chloride. British Specifications 120,918, [Class 22], 263,571, 319,103, [both in Class 70], 361,094, and 392,246 and U.S.A. Specification 1,863,990 are referred to. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 391,582.
GB30948/33A 1932-11-21 1933-11-07 Improvements in concrete and hydraulic cement Expired GB431679A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US431679XA 1932-11-21 1932-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB431679A true GB431679A (en) 1935-07-08

Family

ID=21925837

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB30948/33A Expired GB431679A (en) 1932-11-21 1933-11-07 Improvements in concrete and hydraulic cement

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB431679A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE748614C (en) * 1941-02-08 1944-11-07 Liquefaction of raw cement sludge
CN112574373A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-03-30 安徽鑫固环保股份有限公司 Resource utilization method of waste toluene solvent generated in pharmaceutical process

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE748614C (en) * 1941-02-08 1944-11-07 Liquefaction of raw cement sludge
CN112574373A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-03-30 安徽鑫固环保股份有限公司 Resource utilization method of waste toluene solvent generated in pharmaceutical process

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