GB413927A - Process and apparatus for the conversion and coking of hydrocarbons and carbonaceousmaterials - Google Patents

Abstract

<PICT:0413927/III/1> Coal-oil mixtures are cracked and coked by passing the mixture through a heating zone into a coking zone in which the liquid products are cracked in thin layers on highly heated surfaces while the vapours evolved from the heating and/or coking zones are fractionated to give a distillate which is subjected to an independently controlled cracking, the residual products of which are returned to the coking zone. Crude oil is fed through a line 4 to a mixing tank 6 where it is mixed with coal and the mixture is heated to 425--482 DEG C. in a coil 14. The cracked products are passed through a line 16 to a number of coking ovens 26 provided with highly heated refractory floors 27 on which the coke is allowed to accumulate to a depth of 15 cms. Vapours are withdrawn p to a fractionating tower 31 and separated into light, heavy, and intermediate fractions. The light fraction is withdrawn through a line 37 and condensed and separated from gases in a receiver 42. The intermediate fraction is withdrawn through a pipe 52 and pumped through a pipe 55 to a fractionator 58 or alternatively through pipes 60, 72 for further conversion in the coil 14 or through a pipe 61 for independent conversion in a coil 64 and pressure drum 100. The heavy fraction withdrawn from the bottom of the tower is similarly pumped to the tower 58 or to the coils 14, 64. The products from the pressure drum 100 are passed with reduction of pressure into an evaporator 104 from which vapours pass to either of the towers 58, 31 while residues are pumped through a line 108 to the coking ovens 27. The products from the coil 14 may also be passed through a pipe 112 into the evaporator 104. A network of connections is provided so that liquid residues from any of the towers 58, 31 and 104 may be returned to the mixing zone 6 or to the conversion zones 14, 64.