GB380615A - An improved process for the conversion by destructive hydrogenation of solid carbonaceous materials into valuable liquid products, especially benzines - Google Patents

Abstract

<PICT:0380615/III/1> In the destructive hydrogenation of solid distillable carbonaceous materials in two or more stages, a smaller amount of hydrogen relative to the amount of carbonaceous material present is used in the second stage than in the first stage, the reduction being greater than that due to the consumption of hydrogen in the first stage. The quantities of hydrogen are preferably 4-20 and 1-4 cubic metres per kilogram of material in the first and second stages respectively. The materials may be preheated, made into pastes with heavy oils, and mixed with pulverulent catalysts, e.g. oxide or sulphides of groups 6 and 8 or solutions of catalytic salts. The amount of hydrogen in the second stage is reduced by withdrawing part of the hydrogen used in the first stage or by increasing the amount of carbonaceous materials or by using a separate circulation of hydrogen. A constant level of liquid is maintained in the second stage by withdrawal and recirculation of the materials. The second stage may be followed by further stages with further reduction of hydrogen or the products may be destructively hydrogenated in the vapour phase. Finely divided pit coal impregnated with ammonium molybdate is fed from a charger W through a reaction vessel B by revolving plate members. Hydrogen is passed in counterflow from a heater A and the products are passed through a dust trap X to a separator C from which vapours and gases pass through a cooler E to a high pressure separator F where benzines and middle oils are condensed, while the hydrogen is separated and passed through a purifier G and then is divided into two parts one being returned to the heater A while the remainder is mixed with the products from the separator C and the mixture re-treated in a heater J and reaction vessel K which is supplied through a pipe L with a colloidal catalyst comprising 80 parts of molybdic acid, zinc oxide, and magnesia and 20 parts of tungsten sulphide made into a paste with heavy oil and is heated to 460 DEG C. The products are fractionated in a column O where they are separated into heavy oils removed through the bottom of the column, middle oils removed through a pipe R and benzines which are passed through a cooler P to a receiver Q. The middle oils may be further treated by passing them with additional hydrogen through a heater S to a reaction tower T containing tungsten sulphide, the resultant products being cooled and collected in receivers U, V. Specifications 359,945 and 379,335 are referred to in the Provisional Specification.