GB2623889A - Improved gas to liquid contact apparatus - Google Patents

Improved gas to liquid contact apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2623889A
GB2623889A GB2315928.8A GB202315928A GB2623889A GB 2623889 A GB2623889 A GB 2623889A GB 202315928 A GB202315928 A GB 202315928A GB 2623889 A GB2623889 A GB 2623889A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
plate
apertures
gas
liquid contact
contact apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
GB2315928.8A
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GB202315928D0 (en
Inventor
Hadfield Clive
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of GB202315928D0 publication Critical patent/GB202315928D0/en
Publication of GB2623889A publication Critical patent/GB2623889A/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D3/00Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/16Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
    • B01D3/22Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal sieve plates or grids; Construction of sieve plates or grids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D3/00Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/008Liquid distribution
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus 10 comprises a vessel 12 with gas inlet 16 and outlet 22, and liquid inlet 20 and outlet 18. The liquid inlet and gas outlet are in upper region 13 of the vessel, whilst the gas inlet 16 and liquid outlet 18 are in lower region 11. In a middle region of the vessel 15 there is a plurality of spaced apart plates 26a, 26b, 26c, comprising multiple straight sided apertures 28. The plates are aligned such that the apertures of adjacent plates are not in direct alignment. The apertures may be triangular or square in shape.

Description

Improved Gas to Liquid Contact Apparatus The present invention relates to an improved gas to liquid contact apparatus.
A gas to liquid contact apparatus may be utilised for the transfer of material between liquids and gasses or vapours. The apparatus may form part of a distillation column or a gas cleaning system.
A typical gas to liquid contact apparatus of the type described above comprises a cartridge having cylindrical body containing a plurality of closely spaced plates. The plates are each provided with a plurality of spaced apart circular apertures. The apertures are swaged so as to provide a downwardly depending collar around each aperture.
The plates are arranged such that the apertures of one plate are offset with respect to the apertures of the plates on either side thereof above and below. Gas/vapour and liquid flows through the cartridge are thus required to follow non-linear paths which promotes the transfer of material between the flows.
On each circular plate the apertures are arranged on a square pitch, and a row of spaced apart apertures are provided along a diameter line of the plate which passes through the centre point of the plate. The row of apertures provided on the diameter line of the plate are however spaced such that there is no aperture is located at the centre point of the plate. Rotation of adjacent plates ninety degrees relative to one another this provides the required offset between the apertures of the adjacent plates.
According to a first aspect the present invention there is provided a gas to liquid contact apparatus comprising a shell having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, wherein the liquid inlet and gas outlet are located in an upper region of the shell, and the gas inlet and liquid outlet are located in a lower region of the shell, wherein further the interior of the shell is provided at a middle region thereof with a plurality of spaced apart horizontal plates, each plate having a plurality if apertures provided therein, and the plates being positioned such that the apertures of adjacent plates are out of direct alignment with one another, wherein the apertures of each plate are straight sided.
In a preferred embodiment the apertures are rectilinear. More specifically the apertures of each plate are square apertures. In an alternative embodiment the straight sided apertures may be triangular.
The straight sided apertures of the plates may be all of the same size. The straight sided apertures of the plates may be all of the same shape The underside of each plate may be provided with a plurality of downwardly extending lips or collars that each at least partially extend around the perimeter of each aperture. Alternatively, the underside of each tray may be provided with a plurality of downwardly extending lips or collars that each extend fully around the perimeter of each aperture.
The spaced apart plates are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another within the shell of the apparatus. The apparatus may be provided with at least three plates. The plurality of apertures of every other plate of the plurality of plates may be in direct alignment with one another. The plurality of apertures of each alternate plate are not in alignment with the apertures of the next plate either above or below. Such non-alignment compels the liquid and gas flows to follow non-linear paths across the plates.
The shell and plates may be substantially cylindrical. In an alternative embodiment the shell and plates may be rectilinear, for example square.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a plate for use with the interior space of a gas to liquid contact apparatus, the plate being provided with a plurality of spaced apart straight sided apertures.
The straight sided apertures may be rectilinear apertures. The rectilinear apertures of the plate may be square apertures. Alternatively the straight sided apertures may be triangular.
The straight sided apertures of the plate may by all of the same size. The straight sided apertures of the plate may be all of the same shape.
One side of the plate may be provided with extensions that extend at least partially around the perimeter of each rectilinear aperture. Alternatively, the extensions may extend fully around the perimeter of each rectilinear aperture.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of a gas to liquid contact apparatus according to the present invention; Figure 2 shows a plan view of a quadrant of a plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the steps for forming an aperture in a plate; Figure 4 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of a plate aperture; Figure 5 shows a partial plan view of a further plate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 6 shows a plan view of a section of a plate according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Referring firstly to figure 1 there is shown a simplified cross-sectional view of gas to liquid contact apparatus generally designated 10 which may be used for heat or material transfer between gasses, vapours and liquids. For the avoidance of doubt, the term gas used in hereinafter will be understood to cover gases, mixtures of gases, vapour and gas/vapour mixtures. The apparatus 10 includes a substantially cylindrical shell 12 having a part conical base 14. In the embodiment shown the apparatus 10 is provided with a cylindrical shell 12 with a generally circular cross-section. In alternative embodiments the cylindrical shell 12 may have alternative cross-sectional forms, for example square or rectangular. The apparatus 10 is provided in a lower region 11 with a gas inlet 16 and a liquid outlet 18. The apparatus 10 is further provided in an upper region 13 thereof with a liquid inlet 20 and a gas outlet 22. In use, the apparatus 10 is oriented vertically as shown in the figure such that liquid entering the upper region of the shell 12 through the liquid inlet 20 passes downwardly through the shell 12 to the liquid outlet 18. Gas entering the lower region of the shell 12 through the gas inlet 16 passes upwardly through the shell 12 to the gas outlet 22. It will thus be understood that the gas and liquid flows entering the apparatus 10 flow in contrary directions.
The part conical base 14 of the shell 12 defines a sump 24 which surrounds the liquid outlet 18. Liquid entering the shell 12 through the liquid inlet 20 collects at the sump 24 before exiting the apparatus 10 through the liquid outlet 18.
The apparatus 10 is further provided at a middle region 15 with a number of horizontally arranged apertured plates generally designated 26. For the sake of simplicity only three plates 26a, 26b, 26c are shown in figure 1, however it will be understood that the apparatus 10 may have several cartridge bundles of horizontally arranged plates 26. Typically a bundle may comprise approximately 25 plates 26.
The plate bundles may be spaced apart within the shell 12 so as to allow the optional addition or draw off of liquid between the plate bundles.
Each plate 26 will be described in greater detail below, however each plate 26 is provided with a plurality of spaced apart straight sided apertures 28. The plates 26a, 26b, 26c are generally circular, and are closely fitted to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 12 such that no fluid flow path exists around the edge of a plate 26a, 26b, 26c and the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 12.
The apertures 28 of adjacent plates 26a, 26b, or 26b, 26c, are offset with respect to one another such that the gas and liquid flows within the apparatus 10 do not move in a direct path between and through the adjacent plates 26a,26b or 26b,26c, but instead move in a circuitous path between and through the adjacent plates 26a,26b or 26b,26c. This circuitous path promotes scrubbing between the gas and liquid flows and the transfer of material or heat between the gas flow and the liquid flow such that one or both of the flows are cleaned heated or cooled or have their composition changed on their journeys through the apparatus 10. The surface area of the interface between the gas and liquid flows is important as the material to be transferred from the gas to the liquid must pass through this surface. Mass and/or heat transfer depends upon three factors, namely the driving force of concentration or temperature difference, surface area, and mass or heat transfer coefficient. It will be understood that both mass and heat transfer coefficients are highly dependent upon turbulence at the gas to liquid interface. The non-linear gas and liquid flow paths defined by the non-aligned apertures of the plates 26 promotes the desired interface turbulence.
While the apertures 28 of adjacent plates 26 are out of alignment, the apertures 28 of every other plate 26a, 26c are aligned with one another.
Turning now to figure 2, there is shown a plan view of quadrant of a plate 26 for use with an apparatus 10 in accordance with the present invention. The plate 26 includes a plurality of spaced apart square apertures 28. Square apertures have an advantage over circular apertures in that they have 11% more perimeter than a circular aperture of equivalent open area.
The square apertures are arranged in the plate on a square pitch. The apertures 28 are arranged along mutually perpendicular axes 30,32 of the plate, however no hole is provided at the centre 34 of the plate 26. The position and spacing of the holes is such that rotation of one plate 26a through ninety degrees relative to another plate 26b moves the apertures of the respective plates out of alignment with one another. The outline of an aperture 28' of a 90 degree rotated plate positioned below the plate 26 of figure 2 is shown in broken lines. It will be understood that the other apertures of the plate below will be similarly positioned with regard to the apertures of the upper plate 26.
The underside of each plate 26 may be provided with a plurality of lips or collars which at least partially surround each aperture of the plate. Figures 3 and 4 show an example of how a collar may be provided around a square aperture of a plate.
Figure 3 shows the formation of a square aperture 28 in a metal, such as stainless steel, plate 26 by the cutting of four substantially triangular leaflets 36 in the plate 26. The leaflets 36 are thereafter bent downwardly through approximately 90 degrees such that they lie substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plate 26. A square stainless steel collar 38 can then be fitted over the leaflets 36. The tips 40 of the leaflets 36 can then be bent over the edge of the collar 38 to retain the collar 38 to the plate 26. Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the retained collar 38.
It will be understood that in extending towards an underlying plate 26, the collars 38 partially bridge the gap between the adjacent plates 26. This configuration produces a localised gas flow restriction across the edge of each collar 38, which in turn results in an increase in gas flow velocity. This promotes turbulence in both the gas and liquid flows which, as noted above, is beneficial for both mass and heat transfer coefficients.
Referring now to figure 5 there is shown an alternative embodiment of a plate 126 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In contrast to the substantially circular plate 26 described above, the plate 126 of figure 5 is rectilinear and is intended for use in conjunction with a complementarily shaped straight sided shell (not shown).
The plate 126 is provided with a plurality of rectilinear apertures 128 which are shown with unbroken lines. In the embodiment shown the rectilinear apertures are square apertures. The position of selected apertures 128' of adjacent plates positioned either above and/or below the illustrated plate 126 are shown in broken lines.
Looking firstly at an edge aperture 128a of the plate 126, which is to say an aperture positioned closest to an edge 42 of the plate 126 but not at a corner 44 of the plate 126, it will be noted that such apertures 128a are in communication with three upper and/or lower plate apertures 128'. This is in contrast to edge apertures of the circular plate 26 embodiment wherein such edge apertures are in fluid communication with only two upper and two lower plate apertures 128'. It is only the corner apertures 128b of the rectilinear plate 126 that are in fluid communication with only two upper and/or lower apertures 128'. Edge apertures 128a are, in contrast, in fluid communication with three upper and three lower plate apertures 128' As can be seen from figure 5, apertures 128c of the plate 126 that are spaced from the edges 42 and corners 44 of the plate 126 are in fluid communication with four upper and four lower plate apertures 128'.
Although not shown, the apertures 128, 128a, 128b, 128c of the plate 126 may be provided with similar lips or collars of the type described above.
The provision of square apertures 128, 128' ensures an even and consistent fluid path of constant length -i.e. the length of a side of the square apertures 128, 128' -between adjacent plates 26, 126. In contrast, circular holes of the type known in the prior art of mass transfer devices can promote less efficient radial flows around the hole perimeter. This results in flow paths between plates of varying length and consistency. The provision of square holes 128, 128' on a square or rectangular plate 126 allows for easier vertical flow paths compared to circular holes as it enables a greater open area of the plate for fluid to pass through. This minimises back pressure loss in the fluid streams and increase the area of active mass transfer sites.
Referring now to figure 6 there is shown an alternative embodiment of a section of a circular plate 226. The plate 226 is provided with a plurality of straight sided triangular apertures 228. The out of alignment straight sided triangular apertures of a plate positioned either above or below the plate shown 226 are shown with broken lines 228'. The use of triangular apertures 228 has the same advantages over circular apertures as described above. Although not shown, the apertures 228 of the plate 226 may be provided with similar lips or collars of the type described above. Manufacturing methods have developed since film trays were first patented in 1967.
Some of these techniques facilitate the production of the particular shapes of the plates of the present invention, production of which would have been difficult, if not impossible, in 1967. The plates of the present invention may be formed from metal, and may be made by several techniques including simple piercing and folding for short production runs, modern tooled pressings, shaping and spot welding or similar techniques for larger scale industrial production. Alternatively the plates may be made from non-metallic materials such as, for example, composite materials and plastics, by techniques including injection moulding, 3D printing or other appropriate techniques, which reproduce the essential shapes.

Claims (1)

  1. Claims 1. A gas to liquid contact apparatus comprising a shell having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, wherein the liquid inlet and gas outlet are located in an upper region of the shell, and the gas inlet and liquid outlet are located in a lower region of the shell, wherein further the interior of the shell is provided at a middle region thereof with a plurality of spaced apart plates, each plate having a plurality if apertures provided therein, and the plates being positioned such that the apertures of adjacent plates are out of direct alignment with one another, wherein the apertures of each plate are straight sided 2. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the apertures are rectilinear 3. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the rectilinear apertures of each plate are square apertures.4. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the straight sided apertures are triangular.5. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the apertures are all of equal size.6. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the underside of each plate is provided with a downwardly extending lip or collar that at least partially extends around the perimeter of each aperture.7. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein each lip or collar fully extends around the perimeter of each aperture.8. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the spaced apart plates are arranged substantially parallel to one another within the shell.9. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is provided with at least three plates.10. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein the plurality of apertures of every other plate are in direct alignment with one another.11. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the cross section of the shell and planform of the plates are both substantially circular.12. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10 wherein the cross section of the shell and planform of the plates are both rectilinear.13. A gas to liquid contact apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein the cross section of the shell and planform of the plates are both rectangular.14. A plate for use within the interior space of a gas to liquid contact apparatus, the plate being provided with a plurality of spaced apart straight sided apertures.15, A plate as claimed in claim 14 wherein the apertures are rectilinear.16. A plate as claimed in claim 14 wherein the rectilinear apertures of the plate are square apertures.17. A plate as claimed in claim 14 wherein the straight sided apertures are triangular 18. A plate as claimed in any of claims 14 to 17 wherein the apertures are all of equal size.19. A plate as claimed in any of claims 14 to 18 wherein one side of the plate is provided with extensions that extend at least partially around the perimeter of each 30 aperture.20. A plate as claimed in claim 19 wherein the extensions extend fully around the perimeter of each aperture.21. A plate as claimed in any of claims 14 to 20 wherein the plate is substantially circular.22. A plate as claimed in any of claims 14 to 20 wherein the plate is rectilinear.23. A plate as claimed in claim 22 wherein the plate is rectangular.
GB2315928.8A 2022-10-18 2023-10-18 Improved gas to liquid contact apparatus Pending GB2623889A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB2215396.9A GB202215396D0 (en) 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 Improved Gas to Liquid Contact Apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB202315928D0 GB202315928D0 (en) 2023-11-29
GB2623889A true GB2623889A (en) 2024-05-01

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GB2315928.8A Pending GB2623889A (en) 2022-10-18 2023-10-18 Improved gas to liquid contact apparatus

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0011922A1 (en) * 1978-10-17 1980-06-11 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Distillation sieve tray
WO1995031278A1 (en) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-23 Urea Casale S.A. Reactor for two-phase reactions, in particular for urea synthesis at high pressure and temperature
WO2013131559A1 (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Structured packing
CN104324587A (en) * 2014-09-26 2015-02-04 常州友达环保科技有限公司 Thin-hole sieve-plate-typed bubble column
WO2015039779A1 (en) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Doosan Lentjes Gmbh A scrubber tower of a flue gas purification device
US9079131B2 (en) * 2010-12-10 2015-07-14 Alstom Technology Ltd Wet scrubber and a method of cleaning a process gas
US20190046894A1 (en) * 2016-02-18 2019-02-14 Koch-Glitsch, Lp Chordal wall support system for cross flow trays in a mass transfer column and method involving same
CN113041987A (en) * 2021-04-14 2021-06-29 天津快透平科技发展有限公司 Pass sieve with high gas-liquid mass transfer rate
CN214020021U (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-08-24 江苏三一环境科技有限公司 Plate-type absorption tower and waste gas treatment device

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0011922A1 (en) * 1978-10-17 1980-06-11 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Distillation sieve tray
WO1995031278A1 (en) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-23 Urea Casale S.A. Reactor for two-phase reactions, in particular for urea synthesis at high pressure and temperature
US9079131B2 (en) * 2010-12-10 2015-07-14 Alstom Technology Ltd Wet scrubber and a method of cleaning a process gas
WO2013131559A1 (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Structured packing
WO2015039779A1 (en) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Doosan Lentjes Gmbh A scrubber tower of a flue gas purification device
CN104324587A (en) * 2014-09-26 2015-02-04 常州友达环保科技有限公司 Thin-hole sieve-plate-typed bubble column
US20190046894A1 (en) * 2016-02-18 2019-02-14 Koch-Glitsch, Lp Chordal wall support system for cross flow trays in a mass transfer column and method involving same
CN214020021U (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-08-24 江苏三一环境科技有限公司 Plate-type absorption tower and waste gas treatment device
CN113041987A (en) * 2021-04-14 2021-06-29 天津快透平科技发展有限公司 Pass sieve with high gas-liquid mass transfer rate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB202215396D0 (en) 2022-11-30
GB202315928D0 (en) 2023-11-29

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