GB2622216A - A computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output - Google Patents
A computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output Download PDFInfo
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- GB2622216A GB2622216A GB2212959.7A GB202212959A GB2622216A GB 2622216 A GB2622216 A GB 2622216A GB 202212959 A GB202212959 A GB 202212959A GB 2622216 A GB2622216 A GB 2622216A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
Abstract
A computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input, generating desired heart sound data based on the heart-sound data input, and using a haptic output device to simulate a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data. The input may include information relating to real characteristics of heart sounds, such as heart rate, timing data, systolic/diastolic phase duration, pitch, sound quality and intensity and may include information relating to heart murmurs or other sounds. In a preferred embodiment, the haptic output device includes a vibration motor for generation of the haptic output.
Description
A Computer-implemented Method of Generating a Simulated Heart Sound Output The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output. The invention further relates to a user computing device configured to perform the steps of said computer-implemented method, a system for generating a simulated heart sound output, a computer program product for causing a computer to perform the steps of said computer-implemented method and a computer-readable storage medium for causing a computer to perform the steps of said computer-implemented method.
Auscultatory sounds are commonly used to help detect physiological conditions. For example, medical personnel often use stethoscopes to monitor a patient's heart sounds in order to detect and diagnose the condition of the patient's heart. Medical students are currently trained to detect heart sounds and diagnose heart conditions using training devices. The training devices are commonly comprised of a medical manikin with a speaker located inside the chest. The speaker plays audio of pre-recorded patient heart sounds. The audio is obtained from live patients, as such obtaining such recordings is difficult. Additionally, the availability of heart sound recordings for the speakers to play is low. As such, there may be many heart sounds that medical students do not get to experience whilst training. Additionally, as only a few recordings are available, the recordings are easily exhausted so the students listen to repeat heart sounds. The cost of recording the heart sounds, and the subsequent training device is high. Therefore, medical students are required to share, and may not have much time to practice listening to the heart sounds.
It is necessary for medical personnel to understand the heart sounds of a singular heartbeat. A singular heartbeat includes a first heart sound, Si, and a second heart sound, 52 as shown in Figure 1. Si is the sound of the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves and 52 is the sound the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. There may also be a third heart sound, 53, which occurs just after S2 when the mitral valve opens. Additionally, there may be a fourth heart sound, S4, which occurs just before Si when the atria contract, as shown in Figure 2. Systolic and diastolic murmurs may also be present, as shown in Figure 3, which are due to unusual, often turbulent, blood flow through the heart. At times, the 53 and S4 may overlap with murmurs as shown in Figure 4. These are the basic heart sounds medical personnel need to understand; however, there are a variety of other sounds which are also important and critical to diagnostics.
The present invention seeks to overcome the above mentioned deficiencies which is capable of representing hearts of different health and different heart conditions and reducing the need for invasive heart sounds recording of live patients.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer-implemented 5 method of generating a simulated heart sound output, the method comprising the steps of: a] providing at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input; b] using a processor, generating desired heart sound data based on the at least one heart-soundcharacteristic data input; and c] using a haptic output device, outputting a haptic output simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart 10 sound data.
The present invention allows for a haptic output simulating a heart sound to be created. The method allows the simulation of multiple different heart sounds. The simulated heart sounds being related to characteristics of a heart. A user may determine what heart sound they would like to create a haptic output of. Therefore, the user may tailor the haptic output so as to experience multiple different heart sounds, to gain an experience of different heart conditions, or indicators of heart health. The method also negates the need for the invasive recording of patient's hearts, and can be implemented very easily on a wide array of devices which may already include haptic settings. The invention further allows a medical professional to cross-reference any diagnosis of a live patient by in real time generating an expected heartbeat sound in accordance with the method which can be compared to the patient's heartbeat. This may rapidly eliminate misdiagnosis.
Preferably, the haptic output device may be a portable computing device.
A portable computing device allows for the method to be implemented at various 25 locations with ease. A portable computing device is also accessible to multiple users. It may also be beneficial to allow users to use their personal portable computing devices.
The processor may be onboard the haptic output device.
Having a processor onboard the haptic output device, allows the processing and output to occur on a singular device. This may increase ease of use. This may also be beneficial 30 for manufacturing.
Optionally, step a] may be performed remote to the haptic output device.
This may be particularly beneficial for teaching purposes. Having a separate input remote to the haptic output device may allow for one user to input the at least one heart-soundcharacteristic data input and for another user to have the haptic output device which is outputting the haptic output simulating a heartbeat. Alternatively, the haptic output device 5 may be provided within a medical manikin. In one scenario, an instructor may input a heart-sound-characteristic data input and a student may have the haptic output device or be listening to the haptic output device with a medical manikin. In this case, the student would be unaware of the heart-sound-characteristic data input, they would have to determine the heart-sound-characteristic data input from the haptic output. This may 10 be more akin to a patient experience in which they are unaware of what heart conditions a patient may have, and thus what heart sounds may be present.
Step b] may be performed remote to the haptic output device.
It may be beneficial to have a remote processor to generate desired heart sound data, as the haptic output device may then be more simplistic in design. The haptic output device may be configured to only output the haptic output. Alternatively, the provision of the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may be done local to the haptic output device. The haptic output device being communicable with the processor of step b]. This may increase the ease of manufacturing. It may also allow for many discrete users to access the generated desired heart sound data at the same time, for example via a remote data storage system or a cloud system. This may be beneficial for teaching purposes. The absence of a processor may also make the haptic output device cheaper to manufacture, which may aid accessibility of the devices for training.
In a preferred embodiment, step a] may be performed using the haptic output device and step b] may be performed using the haptic output device.
Performing all of the steps on the haptic output device allows the method to be performed in a simple, compact, easy manner on a unitary device. As such, additional devices or pieces of equipment are not required. This could, for example, be an end user's smartphone.
Preferably, step a] may be performed by a user via a user interface.
A user interface is an easy and simple way of allowing a user to provide the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input. Having a user inference allows the user during step a] to choose the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input and therefore tailor and customise the haptic output simulating a heartbeat. The user can easily change the haptic output simulating a heartbeat by changing different heart-sound-characteristic data input using the user interface.
During step a] the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may be provided as a predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data.
A predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data may be useful to ensure that certain heart sounds are represented accurately. This may be particularly beneficial for teaching medical students. Providing a variety of different heart sounds in a predictable manner may be useful. Additionally, it may allow a user to select a randomise function, wherein the system selects the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input from the predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data, so that the user does not know what the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input has been selected and as such has to figure it out from the haptic output. This may provide a more realistic experience for the user.
During step b] the processor may use baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase data in combination with the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input to generate the desired heart sound data.
The use of baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase data may be useful so that the user can input characteristics that manipulate and change pre-set baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase data. Therefore, a user can ascertain what to expect from a haptic output based on the baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase data before the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input has been provided and compare it to the systolic phase and diastolic phase data after the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input has been provided. This may be particularly beneficial for the first exposure to a particular heart sound.
Preferably, a plurality of said heart-sound-characteristic data inputs may be provided during step a].
Providing a plurality of said heart-sound-characteristic data inputs allows the increased 30 user control over the simulated heart sound output. Inputting different heart-soundcharacteristic data may allow for a more realistic simulated heart sound output. It may also allow for the generation of haptic outputs representing more complex heart sounds. One heart-sound-characteristic data input may affect the heart sound in a different way to a different heart-sound-characteristic data input. Therefore, being able to study a combinations of heart-sound-characteristic data inputs may be beneficial. Therefore, it may be useful to help with the examination of less-studied, less-explored and less well-known heart conditions that affect the sound of the heart. Having control over multiple head-sound-characteristic data inputs allows the user to tailor and customise the simulated heart sound output. Providing multiple heart-sound-characteristic data inputs allows for the overlaying of heart-sound-characteristic data inputs. It allows a user to prepare for when more than one heart-sound-characteristic is present, such as a murmur and overlapping additional heart sound. As such, the provision allows combinations of heart-sound-characteristic data inputs to be made to cover a range of different heart conditions and simulated heart sound outputs.
In a preferred embodiment, a said at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may 15 comprise any or all of: heart rate; timing data; systolic phase duration; diastolic phase duration; first heart sound splitting value; second heart sound splitting value; pitch; sound quality; intensity; and combinations thereof.
Providing a variety of heart-sound-characteristic data inputs allows the user to have control over, and to customise the simulated heart sound output. It is important for medical personnel to be able to recognise heart-sound-characteristics such as those listed above. Therefore, by providing these as possible heart-sound-characteristic data inputs, it ensures the users of the computer-implemented method will be exposed to essential heart-sound-characteristics. The more heart-sound-characteristic data inputs provided, the wider the exposure of the user to different heart sounds. Understanding different heart sounds will help with the diagnosis of heart health and heart conditions. Quick intervention is important within the medical field, so exposure to as many heartsound-characteristics as possible is beneficial.
Preferably, the timing data may comprise any or all of: ectopic data; bradycardia data; tachycardia data; sinus rhythm data; arrhythmia data; regular pulse data; irregularly 30 irregular pulse data; regularly irregular pulse data and combinations thereof The timing of heart sounds in the heartbeat is important for diagnosis and evaluation of the heart and heart conditions. Providing timing data relating to normal timing data for heart rate and heart sounds, and then conversely providing irregular timing data for heart conditions or heart abnormalities allows a user to experience the differences between the two. Some heart conditions are rare and as such it may not be possible for a medical person to experience the heart sounds of a certain heart condition or heart abnormality of a real person in training. Many medical personnel may experience the heart sounds of heart conditions or heart abnormalities for the first time during medical practice. For example, providing bradycardia data, where the heart rate is slow, generally less than 60 bpm, and tachycardia data, where the heart rate is fast, generally over 100 bpm, may be useful to allow a user to compare and contrast the heart sounds that result.
Optionally, a said at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may comprise at least one conditional heart-sound data input to produce a haptic output representative of a conditional heart-sound. At least one conditional heart-sound data may comprise any or all of: a systolic murmur; a diastolic murmur; one of more additional heart sounds; and combinations thereof.
A normal heartbeat has two sounds, Si and S2, that are caused by the closing of the valves of the heart. Multiple additional or abnormal heart sounds may occur alongside the expected heart sounds. These are often due to problems with the heart. Abnormal heart sounds include murmurs. A murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound that occurs during a heartbeat. Murmurs may be an early indicator of a serious heart condition. Furthermore, there may be the presence of 'galloping' rhythms. These may involve additional heart sounds S3 and S4. The additional heart sounds may indicate heart disease or failure. As such, providing heart-sound-characteristic data input relating to conditional heart-sounds allows a user to experience the expected heart sounds via the hapfic output of said conditions. The experience can thus aid diagnosis. The user may not otherwise be exposed to a murmur.
Preferably, the at least one conditional heart-sound data input may comprise any or all of: a duration of the conditional heart-sound; timing data of the conditional heart-sound; pitch of the conditional heart-sound; intensity of the conditional heart-sound; and combinations thereof.
Alongside data of the conditional heart-sound itself, the conditional heart-sound has its 30 own parameters that may vary. As such, providing data relating to the duration, timing, pitch, intensity allows for a user to experience the conditional heart-sounds in different ways. A conditional heart sound is likely to sound slightly different patient to patient and so exposure to different versions of a conditional heart-sound allows the user to gain more experience.
A said at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input preferably comprises any or all of: a thickness measurement of a chest wall; a positional parameter data relating to a 5 position of a heart sound measurement relative to a chest wall; a hypertension value; a fluid value; a heart valve health value; and combinations thereof.
Physical features of a patient will have an effect on heart sounds. Therefore, being able to change the physical data will be useful to allow users to experience what a particular heart-sound may sound like for different patients.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a haptic output device and a processor configured to perform the steps of the computer-implemented method according to the first aspect of the invention.
It may be beneficial to have a singular device specifically configured to product the haptic output simulating a heart sound. It would negate the need for additional devices.
Optionally, the haptic output device may have a vibration motor for generation of the haptic output.
A vibration motor is a simplistic, easy way in which to generate a haptic output. A vibration motor may be easily integrated into a haptic output device, or may be commonly found in many existing devices, such as smartphones.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for generating a simulated heart sound output, the system comprising: a haptic device controller having a processor, the processor being configured to generate at least one desired heart sound data based on at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input; and a haptic output device configured to output a haptic output simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data from the haptic device controller.
The provision of a system for generating a simulated heart sound output provides the above advantages of customisation, accessibility, and ease of use. Having a haptic device controller and a separate a haptic output device may be particularly useful for 30 training scenarios. For example, the haptic output device may be provided within a medical manikin, while the haptic device controller is provided external to the medical manikin.
Preferably, a plurality of said haptic output devices may be provided, each device may be communicable with the haptic device controller.
Having a plurality of haptic output devices may be particularly beneficial for teaching purposes. A teacher or instructor may be in control of the haptic device controller, whilst an individual student, or a group of students may have one or more haptic output devices. The teacher or instructor may choose the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input, and the students then respond to the haptic output to determine what the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input provided was. This may result in a more realistic scenario for the students as they would not necessarily know what the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input inputted was.
At least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may be manually input by a user at the haptic device controller.
Manually selecting the at least one desired heart sound data may be beneficial as it allows the user to have full control. The user can then intentionally input at least one desired heart sound data to result in a haptic output simulating a desired heartbeat. This contrasts to the scenario where the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may be provided on the haptic device controller, and the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input is randomly selected.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
Advantageously, the computer program product can be executed on a user's personal computing device. It negates the need for a medical manikin and external devices.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided computer-readable storage 30 medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
The instructions of the computer-readable storage medium can be executed on a user's personal computing device. It negates the need for a medical manikin and external devices.
The present invention allows for a haptic output simulating a heart sound to be created. Various different heart sounds relating to various different heart conditions may be simulated. A user can determine what kind of heart sound they would like to create a haptic output of. As such, a user may customise the haptic output so as to experience various heart sounds, to gain an experience of different heart conditions, or indicators of heart health. The method negates the need for the invasive recording of patient's hearts. It also allows for users to be exposed to a variety of heart sounds.
The invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a pictorial representation of a singular heartbeat for background 15 context, the singular heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase with a first heart sound Si and a second heart sound 52; Figure 2 shows the pictorial representation of Figure 1, having an additional heart sound S3 and another additional heart sound 54; Figure 3 shows the pictorial representation Figure 3, for background context 20 having a systolic murmur and a diastolic murmur; Figure 4 shows a pictorial representation of the singular heartbeat for background context, having two additional heart sounds and a systolic murmur and a diastolic murmur Figure 5a shows a pictorial representation of a user implementing a computer-25 implemented method generating a simulated heart sounding output in accordance with the first aspect of the invention on a user computing device in accordance with the second aspect of the invention; Figure 5b shows a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of a computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sounding output in accordance with 30 the first aspect of the invention; Figure 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of heart-sound-characteristic data inputs that may be provided during the computer-implemented method of Figure 5b; Figure 7 shows a pictorial representation of the singular heartbeat of Figure 4, with the intervals between the first heart sound Si and the second heart sound S2 5 shown; Figure 8a shows a pictorial representation of a user using a user computing device in accordance with the second aspect of the invention, the user computing device having a computer program product in accordance with the fourth aspect of the invention; Figure 8b shows a pictorial representation of a user implementing the 10 embodiment of a computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sounding output in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the processor being remote to the haptic output device; Figure 9a shows a pictorial representation of a system for generating a simulated heart sound output in accordance with the third aspect of the invention, where a plurality 15 of haptic output devices is provided, and the haptic output devices are in direct communication with the haptic device controller; and Figure 9b shows a pictorial representation of a system for generating a simulated heart sound output in accordance with the third aspect of the invention, where a plurality of haptic output devices is provided, and the haptic output devices are in indirect 20 communication with the haptic device controller.
Referring to Figure 5a there is indicated a user implementing a computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output, referenced globally at M100.
Figure 5a shows a user 10, having a user computing device 12. The user computing device 12 is configured to be able to receive at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14. The at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 may be provided via a user interface 16. The user computing device 12 may comprise a touch screen 18 via which the user interface 16 is displayed. Alternatively, the user computing device 12 may have at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 pre-loaded onto the device 12, such as a pre-programmed pulse rate, for instance.
The user computing device 12 may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, or any other type of user computing device 12. In a preferred embodiment, the user computing device 12 is a user smartphone. The user computing device 12 is preferably configured to be capable of running an app. The computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output is preferably provided as an app. Figure 5a shows indicative screens within an app on a user computing device 12, here illustrated on a user smartphone.
The user computing device 12 comprises a processor configured to generate heart sound data based upon the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input. The user computing device 12 also comprises a haptic output device 20 configured to produce a haptic output 22 based on the heart sound data generated by the processor. The haptic output device 20 preferably has a vibration motor for generating a haptic output 22.
Although the haptic output is depicted as being output from the same device as the user computing device used to input the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input, it is envisaged the devices may be separate. It is envisaged the haptic output device may be integrated into a medical manikin to provide a more realistic experience for the user. The medical manikin may be a resuscitation manikin.
Additionally, although the method is shown being implemented on a user computing device, it is envisaged the method may be implemented on a dedicated device or dedicated devices for implementing the method. The dedicated device or dedicated devices being used only for performing the method of generating a simulated heart sound output.
Furthermore, in the case where the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input is provided on a separate device to the haptic output device, the two devices are envisaged 25 to be communicatively coupled to one another.
In Figure 5b, there is indicated the computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output M100. At step S101, an at least one heart-soundcharacteristic data input 14 is provided. As noted above, the at least one heart-soundcharacteristic data input 14 may be provided via a user 10 using a user computing device 12. The user computing device 12 may be portable. The user 10 may provide the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 via a user interface 16. Alternatively, the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 may be pre-deterrnined and pre-loaded on the user computing device 12. A user 10 may select a randomised function, where the heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 may be randomly selected from heartsound-characteristic data inputs 14 provided on the user computing device 12. Therefore, the user 10 has the choice to provide particular heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 or randomise the heart-sound-characteristic data input 14.
A plurality of heart-sound-characteristic data inputs 14 may be provided. A user 10 may input a first heart-sound-characteristic 14 and then input a second heart-soundcharacteristic 14. Both heart-sound-characteristic inputs 14 affecting the heart sound. For example, a user 10 may input intensity as a first heart-sound-characteristic 14, and a physical parameter such as chest wall thickness as a second heart-soundcharacteristic 14. A user 10 may provide as many heart-sound-characteristic data inputs 14 as desired.
Alternatively, or additionally, a user 10 may input at least one conditional heart-sound data input 24 as the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 to produce a haptic output representative of a conditional heart-sound. A plurality of conditional heart-sound data inputs 24 may be provided. For example, a user 10 may provide a first conditional heart-sound data input 24 and then provide a second conditional heart sound input 24. The second conditional heart sound input 24 may be directly linked to the conditional heart sound. For example, a user 10 may input a systolic murmur as the first at least one heart-sound-characteristic 14, and a duration of said systolic murmur as the second at least one heart-sound-characteristic 14.
At step S102, a processor generates a desired heart sound data based on the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 provided. The desired heart sound data generation is performed using algorithms.
The processor may use baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase data in combination with the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input to generate the desired heart sound data. The baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase may be representative of a normal heartbeat of an average healthy heart.
An example of an algorithm the processor may use to generate the interval between Si and S2 for use in the desired heart sound data is shown below: SltoS2tnterval = 1.0945 -(0.175 * log(Double(heartRate))) Conversely, the S2 to Si interval may be calculated by: S2toS1interval = (pow(DoubletheartRate), -1.215)) * 88.646 The pow function is used to calculate the power raised to the base value.
The Double function returns heartrate as a double-precision floating-point number.
At step S103, using a haptic output device 20, a haptic output 22 simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data is output.
The haptic output device 20 preferably has a vibration motor for generating the haptic 15 output 22. However, other methods of generating a haptic output are envisaged as being suitable.
The base intensity of the haptic output 22 may be adjusted for a user's ease.
The haptic output device 20 may be located within a medical manikin, so a user 10 may listen to the chest of the medical manikin with a stethoscope to detect the haptic output 22.
As illustrated in Figure 6, the at least one head-sound-characteristic data input 14 may 25 comprise any or all of: heart rate; systolic phase duration; diastolic phase duration; first heart sound splitting value; second heart sound splitting value; pitch; sound quality; intensity; timing data; and combinations thereof Heart rate defines the number of times the heart beats within a certain period of time. 30 During step a], the user 10 may choose to set a value for the heart rate.
The systolic phase is defined as the part of the cardiac cycle during which some chambers of the heart contract after refilling with blood. The systolic phase duration is the length of time for which the systolic phase occurs, the user 10 can choose to input systolic phase duration as the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 during step a].
The diastolic phase is defined as the part of the cardiac cycle during which the heart 5 muscle relaxes. The diastolic phase duration is the length of time for which the diastolic phase occurs. The user 10 may use input this as the at least one heart-soundcharacteristic data input 14 during step a].
The first heart sound, Si, is due to the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The sound of the mitral valve closing is termed Ml, and the sound of the tricuspid valve closing is termed Ti. The M1 sound is much louder than the Ti sound due to higher pressures in the left side of the heart, as such M1 is the main sound component of Si. The M1 sound happens slightly before the Ti sound. Normally, as the mitral and tricuspid valves close almost simultaneously, only a single heart sound is heard. However, splitting of the M1 and Ti sounds can occur when the mitral valve closes significantly before the tricuspid valve, and as such each valve makes a separate audible sound. The first heart sound splitting value refers to the time between M1 and Ti. A user 10 during step a] may choose to input the time between M1 and Ti.
The second heart sound, S2, is due to the closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves. The sound of the aortic valve closing is termed A2, and the sound of the pulmonic valve closing is termed P2. The A2 sound is much louder than the P2 sound due to higher pressures in the left side of the heart, as such A2 is the main sound component of P2. The second heart sound splitting value refers to the time between A2 and P2. A user 10 during step a] may choose to input the time between A2 and P2 as the at least one headsound-characteristic data input 14.
The heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 of pitch is the pitch of the heart sounds. The heart sounds may be low pitched or high pitched. For example, Si and S2 are high-pitched and S3 and S4 are low-pitched sounds. A base pitch may be provided that the user 10 can modify as they desire when providing the input during step a].
Sound quality describes the quality and/or character of the heart sounds. Such sound 30 qualities may include harsh, blowing, rumbling, cooing, whooshing, rasping, booming and the like. A user 10 during step a] may choose to input the quality of the heart sounds.
The heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 of intensity is the intensity of the heart sounds. The intensity of the heart sounds is the volume of the heart sound. A heart sound may for example, be loud, or soft, or absent. A base intensity may be provided that the user 10 can alter as they desire during step a].
The user 10 may select timing data as the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 during step a]. The timing data may include ectopic data; bradycardia data; tachycardia data; sinus rhythm data; arrhythmia data; regular pulse data; irregularly irregular pulse data; regularly irregular pulse data and combinations thereof.
Ectopic data is data relating to abnormal changes in a heartbeat. The changes result in 10 extra or skipped heartbeats. A user 10 may select to add in an unexpected heartbeat, or skip an expected heartbeat during step a].
Sinus rhythm data is the rhythm of a healthy heart. A sinus rhythm denotes that the electrical pulse of the sinus node is transmitting throughout heart muscle properly. Conversely, arrhythmia is an abnormality in the rhythm of a heart. This includes the heart beating too slowly, quickly or irregular. During step a], the user 10 therefore has control over the desired rhythm of the generated simulated heart-sound.
For example, the user 10 can select during step a] to set the heart rate to lower than normal using bradycardia data, where the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. Alternatively, during step a], the user 10 can select to set the heart rate to higher than 20 normal using tachycardia data, where the heart rate is more than 100 beats per minute.
A user 10 may also select the pulse data. Regular pulse data, where the beats are regular spaced may be selected. Alternatively, regularly irregular pulse data, where the heart beats are spaced irregularly but the irregularity has a pattern that is to a degree regular; irregularly irregular pulse data where the heart beats are spaced irregularly with no notable pattern. The degree of choice means the user 10 can have control over the pulse data they desired for the generated simulated heart-sound. A user 10 may select the degree of irregularity.
As illustrated in Figure 7, in addition to Si and S2, there may be conditional heart sounds within a heartbeat. The user 10 may input at least one conditional heart-sound data input 30 24 to produce a haptic output representative of a conditional heart-sound.
A user 10 may select if to have a third heart sound, 53 and/or a fourth heart sound 54 present. 33 occurs after S2, when the mitral valve opens due to the left ventricle filling. S4 occurs before Si, when the atria contracts to force blood into the left ventricle and blood enters the left ventricle. S3 may be a normal sound or a pathological sound. 54 is normally a pathological sound. The user 10 can choose if to include at least one conditional heart-sound data input 24 related to the conditional heart sounds of 33 and/or S4. The user 10 may choose a set S3 or 54 sound, or they may choose to customise the sound.
Alternatively, or additionally, the user 10 may select at least one conditional heart-sound data input 24 relating to a systolic murmur or a diastolic murmur. Murmurs are the sound of blood flowing. Murmurs often result in a whooshing sound. Murmurs may indicate a problem with a heart valve. As such, the user 10 may choose to select a murmur sound such as whooshing, clicking, swishing, knocking, or plopping. The murmur may be based on predetermined data, or a user 10 may select at least one conditional heart-sound data 24 to customise the murmur.
The timing, duration, pitch, and intensity of the conditional heart sound may be input as the at least one conditional heart-sound data input 24. The timing data may include the time at which the murmur occurs during the systolic and/or diastolic phase.
The user 10 may also select physical parameters as the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 14. The thickness of the chest wall may be altered in step a]. Patients with thicker chest wall have a softer Si, whilst patients with thinner chest walls have a more intense Si. The chest wall measurement may include the chest cavity. The chest wall includes the thickness of skin tissue over the point of measurement.
The positioning of a heart sound measurement relative to a chest cavity may be a heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 the user 10 wishes to input. In practice, the heart sound measurement may be taken using a stethoscope. Some heart sounds are easier to hear form certain positions of the chest cavity. For example, S3 and S4 are best heard when a patient is lying on their left side. As such, having positions, for example, patient on their left side, patient on their right side as heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 in step a] may be beneficial.
Hypertension can affect the heart sound. For example, hypertension may cause heart murmurs. As such, providing a hypertension value in step a] may be of interest to the user 10.
Fluid in the lungs, for example from Pulmonary Oedema, can affect heart sounds. 5 Pulmonary Oedema is commonly caused by congestive heart failure. As such, data relating to an amount of fluid in the lungs may be a heart-sound-characteristic data input 14 used in step a].
A heart valve health value denoting the health of heart valves may be provided that the user 10 can modify in step a]. Heart valves in poor health will produce a different sound 10 to heart valves in good health.
Although examples of heart-sound data and conditional heart-sound data have been given, it is envisaged that additional forms of data that alter heart sounds and as such the simulated heart sound output may be provided.
Although the above conditional heart sounds have been described, it is envisaged that 15 data relating to additional conditional heart sounds may form the at least one heartsound-characteristic data input. For example; a systolic ejection click, a pericardial knock, an opening snap, a rnitral valve prolapse click and a tumour plop.
Although not depicted; some of the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input may be provided with maximum and minimum values.
The method of generating a simulated heart sound output may be implemented using different systems.
Identical or similar features of the later embodiments described hereafter will be referenced using identical or similar reference numerals to previous embodiments, and 25 further detailed description is omitted for brevity.
Figure 8a shows the method M100 being implemented by a system 200 using a haptic output device 220 The haptic output device 220 may be provided as a part of a user computing device. 30 Alternatively, the haptic output device 220 may be provided as a distinct device. In this embodiment, the user 210 may either input at least one head-sound-characteristic data input 214 manually into the haptic output device, or the user 210 may select to use a predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data 214 on the haptic output device 222. If the user 210 selects to use predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data 214, they may either select the particular predetermined data, or they may choose to select a randomise function wherein the heart-sound-characteristic data input 214 is randomly selected from the predetermined data. The user 210 may use a user interface 226 on the haptic output device 220 to perform the inputting and/or to choose the randomise function. The processor is onboard the haptic output device 222, and so the user 10 then selects the device to process the heart-sound-characteristic data inputs 214.
The processor then generates desired heart sound data based on the at least one heartsound-characteristic data input 214. The haptic output device 220, then outputs a haptic output 222 simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data. In this embodiment, all of the method steps M100 are performed using the haptic output device 220. As depicted in Figure 8a, the user 210 may feel the haptic output 222 in their hand.
Figure 8b shows the method M100 being implemented by an alternative system 300 using a haptic output device 320 and a remote processor 328. As with Figure 8a, the haptic output device 320 may be provided as a part of a personal computing device. The user 310 may input at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 314 manually into the haptic output device 320, or the user 310 may choose from a predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data 314 on the haptic output device 320, or the user 310 may choose to use a randomise function based on the predetermined set of heart-soundcharacteristic data 314. The user 310 may use a user interface 326 on the haptic output device 320 to provide the inputs 314. The processor 328 is remote to the haptic output device 320. The processor 328 and haptic output device 320 are in communication. The processor 328 generates desired heart sound data based on the at least one heartsound-characteristic data input 314 it receives from the haptic output device 320. The haptic output device 320, then outputs a haptic output 322 simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data it receives from the remote processor 328.
The processor 328 may be located in a centralised but remote server, or a decentralised server or cloud-based server. The haptic output device 320 is configured to receive the 35 at least one head-sound-characteristic data input 314, send the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 314 to a remote processor 328 and then receive the desired heart sound data. The remote processor 328 is configured to receive the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 314, generate the desired heart sound data and send the desired heart sound data to the haptic output device 320.
Figure 9a shows a system 400 for generating a simulated heart sound output. The system 400 comprises a haptic device controller 402 having a processor and haptic output devices 420 configured to each output a haptic output simulating a heartbeat. In the depicted embodiment, a first user 410 with a haptic device controller 402 is shown.
Multiple haptic output devices 420 are shown, with a set of secondary users 404 each having a haptic output device 420.
To use the above system 400, a first user 410 having a haptic device controller 402, inputs at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 414 into the haptic device controller 402. The first user 410 may manually input the at least one heart-soundcharacteristic data input 414 into the haptic output controller 402, or alternatively, the first user 410 may select to use a predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data 414 on the haptic device controller 402. The haptic device controller 402 may have a randomise function where the heart-sound-characteristic data 414 is randomly selected from the predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data 414. The haptic device controller 402 may have a user interface to allow the first user 410 to perform the inputting.
The processor of the haptic device controller 402 is configured to generate desired heart sound data based on at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 414. The desired heart sound data is sent to at least one haptic output device 420 of the secondary user/users 404. The at least one haptic output device 420 outputs a haptic output 422 simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data from the haptic device controller 402. The haptic device controller 402 and haptic output device 420 are in direct communication with one another. The haptic device controller 402 may receive distinct one heart-sound-characteristic data inputs 414 and generate distinct desired heart sound data such that different desired heart sound data is sent to each haptic output device 420.
In an alternative embodiment of a system 500 for generating a simulated heart sound output is shown in Figure 9b. The at least one desired heart sound data may be stored in a remote network 528, such as a cloud. This first user 510 and second/secondary users 504 may all have access to the remote network, as the haptic device controller 5 and haptic output devices may be configured to be communicable with the remote network. The haptic device controller 502 and at least one haptic output device 520 being provided to the first user 210 and second/secondary users 504 respectively. As such, the inputting of the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input 514 may be performed in advance of transmittal of the at least one desired heart sound data to the 10 haptic output devices 520.
Although the haptic device controller has been described as having a processor, it is envisaged that the processor may be remote to the haptic device controller.
Although, multiple haptic output devices are shown in Figures 9a and 9b, it is envisaged that only one haptic output device could be utilised.
Although not depicted, it is envisaged that the user interface may include a page that denotes which at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input the haptic output simulating a heartbeat is based upon. This may be particularly beneficial when the user chooses to use the randomised function to choose a random heart-sound-characteristic data input provided on a device. Furthermore, it may also be useful when a first user selects the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input, and a second user is the user receiving the haptic output simulating a heartbeat.
The computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output is primarily intended for simulating a heart sound output of a human being. However, it is envisaged the computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output may be utilised to generate a simulated heart sound output of an animal. This may be useful within the veterinary field.
Although the computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output has been depicted using a user smart phone, it is envisaged the simulated heart sound output may be output through headphones.
It is also envisaged that the computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method, or the computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method may be provided as part of a stethoscope system.
Although a computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output has been described. It is envisaged the method may be used for auscultation of other internal sounds of the body. There may be a computer-implemented method of generating a simulated internal-bodily-sound output, the method comprising the steps of: a] providing at least one internal-bodily-sound data input; b] using a processor, generating desired internal-bodily-sound data based on the at least one internal-bodilysound data input; and c] using a haptic output device, outputting a haptic output simulating an internal-bodily-sound output based on the desired internal-bodily-sound.
Such internal-bodily-sounds include the sounds of the lungs and the gastrointestinal system. Examples of an at least one internal-bodily-sound data input may include: a value of fluid on the lungs; respiratory crackles; respiratory rhonchi; respiratory wheezing; respiratory stridor; respiratory adventitious sounds; bowel sounds; and succussion splash sounds.
The present invention allows for heart sounds to be simulating using a haptic output. The use has control over the heart characteristics that affect the heart sound. Therefore, the user can determine which heart sounds they would like to create a haptic output of.
Therefore, the user may tailor the haptic output so as to experience different heart sounds. The ability to produce a variety of heart sounds allows the user to gain experience of different heart conditions, or indicators of heart health. This improves hospital or university training capabilities, as well as potentially having benefits for real-time comparative diagnosis of patients with unusual heart sound characteristics.
The words 'comprises/comprising' and the words 'having/including' when used herein with reference to the present invention are used to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
The embodiments described above are provided by way of examples only, and various other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the field without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.
Claims (23)
- Claims 1. A computer-implemented method of generating a simulated heart sound output, the method comprising the steps of: a] providing at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input; b] using a processor, generating desired heart sound data based on the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input; and c] using a haptic output device, outputting a haptic output simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data.
- 2. A computer-implemented method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the haptic output device is a portable computing device.
- 3. A computer-implemented method as claimed claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the processor is onboard the haptic output device.
- 4. A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein step a] is performed remote to the haptic output device.
- 5. A computer-implemented method as claimed in in any one of the preceding claims, wherein step b] is performed remote to the haptic output device.
- 6 A computer-implemented method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein step a] is performed using the haptic output device and wherein step b] is performed using the haptic output device.
- 7. A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein step a] is performed by a user via a user interface.
- 8 A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein during step a] the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input is provided as a predetermined set of heart-sound-characteristic data.
- 9 A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein during step b] the processor uses baseline systolic phase and diastolic phase data in combination with the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input to generate the desired heart sound data.
- 10. A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of said heart-sound-characteristic data inputs is provided during step a].
- 11 A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a said at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input comprises any or all of: heart rate; timing data; systolic phase duration; diastolic phase duration; first heart sound splitting value; second heart sound splitting value; pitch; sound quality; intensity; and combinations thereof.
- 12. A computer-implemented method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the timing data comprises any or all of: ectopic data; bradycardia data; tachycardia data; sinus rhythm data; arrhythmia data; regular pulse data; irregularly irregular pulse data; regularly irregular pulse data and combinations thereof.
- 13. A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a said at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input comprises at least one conditional heart-sound data input to produce a hapfic output representative of a conditional heart-sound.
- 14. A computer-implemented method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the at least one conditional heart-sound data input comprises any or all of: a systolic murmur; a diastolic murmur; one of more additional heart sounds, and combinations thereof.
- 15. A computer-implemented method as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the at least one conditional heart-sound data input comprises any or all of: a duration of the conditional heart-sound; timing data of the conditional heart-sound; pitch of the conditional heart-sound; intensity of the conditional heart-sound; and combinations thereof.
- 16 A computer-implemented method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a said at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input comprises any or all of: a thickness measurement of a chest wall; a positional parameter data relating to a position of a heart sound measurement relative to a chest cavity; a hypertension value; a fluid value; a heart valve health value; and combinations thereof.
- 17. A user computing device comprising a haptic output device and a processor configured to perform the steps of the computer-implemented method as claimed in claims 1 to 16.
- 18. A user computing device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the haptic output device has a vibration motor for generation of the haptic output. 15
- 19. A system for generating a simulated heart sound output, the system comprising: a haptic device controller having a processor, the processor being configured to generate at least one desired heart sound data based on at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input; and a haptic output device configured to output a haptic output simulating a heartbeat having a systolic phase and a diastolic phase based on the heart sound data from the haptic device controller.
- 20. A system for generating a simulated heart sound output, wherein a plurality of said haptic output devices are provided, each device being communicable with the haptic device controller.
- 21. A system for generating a simulated heart sound output, wherein the at least one heart-sound-characteristic data input is manually input by a user at the haptic device controller.
- 22. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method as claimed in claims 1 to 16.
- 23. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of the computer-implemented method as claimed in claims 1 to 16.
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| US20100279262A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-11-04 | Paul Jacques Charles Lecat | Auscultation training system and related methods |
| US20130071826A1 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-03-21 | Keith H. Johnson | Auscultation Training System |
| US11113990B2 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2021-09-07 | Telemedica Inc. | Auscultatory sound identification training device and auscultatory sound identification training system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20100279262A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-11-04 | Paul Jacques Charles Lecat | Auscultation training system and related methods |
| US20130071826A1 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-03-21 | Keith H. Johnson | Auscultation Training System |
| US11113990B2 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2021-09-07 | Telemedica Inc. | Auscultatory sound identification training device and auscultatory sound identification training system |
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