GB2615129A - Cathode material blend for a cathode, cathode for a battery, and battery for a vehicle - Google Patents

Cathode material blend for a cathode, cathode for a battery, and battery for a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2615129A
GB2615129A GB2201210.8A GB202201210A GB2615129A GB 2615129 A GB2615129 A GB 2615129A GB 202201210 A GB202201210 A GB 202201210A GB 2615129 A GB2615129 A GB 2615129A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
cathode
battery
oxide
cathode material
nickel content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB2201210.8A
Other versions
GB202201210D0 (en
Inventor
Mcguire Timothy
Glossmann Tobias
Yi Tanghong
Bailey Neil
Bin Li
Hintennach Andreas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Wildcat Discovery Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Wildcat Discovery Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mercedes Benz Group AG, Wildcat Discovery Technologies Inc filed Critical Mercedes Benz Group AG
Priority to GB2201210.8A priority Critical patent/GB2615129A/en
Publication of GB202201210D0 publication Critical patent/GB202201210D0/en
Publication of GB2615129A publication Critical patent/GB2615129A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

A cathode material blend is disclosed which comprises a phosphate cathode material being a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material having a weight percentage in a range of 1 to 20 weight percent, and comprising a high nickel content oxide material being lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA). The high nickel content oxide material may be NMC811. The blend may comprise 70-99 weight percent of the high nickel content oxide material.

Description

CATHODE MATERIAL BLEND FOR A CATHODE, CATHODE FOR A BATTERY, AND BATTERY FOR A VEHICLE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a cathode material blend for a cathode. The invention also relates to a cathode for a battery. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery for a vehicle.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
[0002] CN 111682185 A shows a positive electrode material including a single crystal ternary material. Moreover, CN 109962221 A shows a complicit cathode material. US 2019/0198864 Al shows a cathode for a lithium ion battery, comprising a collector material and a first electrode layer, comprising a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material, disposed on one surface of the collector material. Moreover, US 2014/0322605 A shows a mixed cathode active material comprising a first cathode active material as lithium transition metal oxide having a layered structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] It is an object of the present invention to provide a cathode material blend for a cathode, a cathode for a battery, and a battery for a vehicle such that a particularly high material utilization may be realized.
[0004] This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are indicated in the other patent claims.
[0005] A first aspect of the present invention relates to a cathode material blend for a cathode of a battery. The cathode material blend comprises a phosphate cathode material being a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material having a weight percentage in a range of 1 to 20 weight percent. Moreover, the cathode material blend according to the present invention comprises a high nickel content oxide material being lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA). Thus, in order to produce the cathode material blend according to the present invention, 1 weight percent to 20 weight percent of said phosphate cathode material is blended into said high nickel content oxide material which is also referred to as a high nickel content oxide cathode material. Thus, a better high rate material utilization, in particular with lower cost, may be achieved in comparison with conventional solutions. Moreover, a better cycle life, lower overall material cost and safety benefits as well as lower battery system cost may be realized in comparison with conventional solutions.
[0006] A second aspect of the present invention relates to a cathode for a battery, wherein the cathode is made of a cathode material blend according to the first aspect of the present invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention and vice versa.
[0007] A third aspect of the present invention relates to a battery for a vehicle, wherein the battery comprises at least one cathode according to the second aspect of the present invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first and second aspect of the present invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the third aspect of the present invention and vice versa.
[0008] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention derive from the following description of a preferred embodiment as well as from the drawing. The features and feature combinations previously mentioned in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned in the following description of the figure and/or shown in the figure alone can be employed not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in any other combination or taken alone without leaving the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0009] The novel features and characteristic of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference like features and components. Some embodiments of system and/or methods in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described below, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying figures.
[0010] The only Fig. shows a schematic front view of a cathode for a battery, the cathode being made of a cathode material blend.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] In the present document, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration". Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
[0012] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawing and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.
[0013] The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion so that a setup, device or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus preceded by "comprises" or "comprise' does not or do not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.
[0014] In the following detailed description of the embodiment of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawing that forms part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration a specific embodiment in which the disclosure may be practiced. This embodiment is described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
[0015] The only Fig. shows in a schematic sectional view a battery 10 for a vehicle. Thus, the vehicle comprises the battery 10. For example, the vehicle also comprises at least one electric machine configured to drive the vehicle. In order to drive the vehicle by the electric machine, the electric machine is supplied with electrical energy stored in the battery 10. Thus, for example, the vehicle is configured as an electric vehicle such as a battery electric vehicle (BEV). The battery 10 comprises a housing 12 which is also referred to as a battery housing. Moreover, the battery 10 comprises a plurality of battery cells 14 which are also referred to as cells. The battery cells 14 are electrically connected with each other. In the battery cells 14, said electrical energy is stored.
[0016] As shown in the Fig., the respective battery cells 14 comprise at least or exactly one cathode 16 being a first electrode of the respective battery cells 14. For example, the respective battery cell 14 further comprises or exactly one anode being a second electrode of the respective battery cell 14. The anodes are not shown in the Fig. For example, the battery cells 14 are electrically connected with each other via their electrodes. Moreover, the battery cells 14 may be configured to provide the electrical energy stored in the battery cells 14 via said electrodes.
[0017] The respective cathode 16 is made of a cathode material blend. This means, that the cathode material blend is a mixed cathode material or a mixed cathode active material. The cathode material blend comprises a phosphate cathode material being a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material having a weight percentage in a range of 1 to 20 weight percent. Moreover, the cathode material blend comprises a high nickel content oxide material being lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA). Said high nickel content oxide material is also referred to as a high nickel content oxide cathode material. Preferably, the high nickel content oxide material has a weight percentage in a range of 70 to 99 weight percent.
Moreover, preferably, said high nickel content oxide material is NMC811 or has a greater nickel content than NMC811.
[0018] High nickel content oxide materials such as, for example, NMC811 or NCA are not very stable when de-lithiated to a certain extent. This may lead to cycle life issues as well as other effects. Further, especially at high lithiafion states (battery at low state of charge) high nickel content oxides usually show elevated impedance. Nickel and cobalt cost more than iron or manganese, so blending can also reduce cost for the same or better performance, depending on the battery specifications.
[0019] Phosphate cathode materials have been used to improve NMC type oxide cathode materials before but all that was found had lower nickel content, for example 60 percent, so previous materials do not include advantageous synergistic effects discovered in said cathode material blend. It was found that rate capability may be improved with blending. This seems counter intuitive because, usually, LMFP used as phosphate does not have good conductivity. LMFP particles however are designed to compensate for the low ionic conductivity by the use of a smaller particle size and often by adding carbon coating for better electronic conductivity. Cathode utilization was improved for high rate discharging (90 percent both NMCs, 10 percent LMFP) and fast charging was improved (98 percent NMC-B, 2 percent LMFP-A). Therefore, the material combinations used in the invention comprise synergistic effects as compared to previous solutions.
[0020] Thus, for manufacturing said cathode material blend 1 weight percent to 20 weight percent of said phosphate cathode material is blended into said high nickel content oxide material, in particular following specific processing conditions, wherein said blending will not decrease the energy density at low rates significantly but will improve high rate discharging utilization of the cathode, sometimes fast charging utilization, cycle life and stability at high temperature. Blending does not have the same effect for every cathode material source. Using oxide and phosphate materials form different sources leads to different benefits. Particle size, structure and surface engineering may influence where to find the synergies.
[0021] LMFP offers high safety, but lower energy density. Lower energy density makes LMFP materials less desirable as the primary cathode for automotive applications. However, addition of smaller, potentially carbon-coated particles of LMFP, with shorter ion travel distances and improved electronic conductivity can be beneficial. These materials are generally cheaper than NMC materials. For example, at least the following advantages may be realized by said cathode material blend: better high rate material utilization (cost lower, depending on battery specifications), better cycle life (cost), lower overall material cost, and safety benefits (lower battery system cost).
Reference Signs battery 12 housing 14 battery cells 16 cathode

Claims (5)

  1. CLAIMS1. A cathode material blend comprising: -a phosphate cathode material being a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material having a weight percentage in a range of 1 to 20 weight percent; and -a high nickel content oxide material being lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA).
  2. 2. The cathode material blend according to claim 1, wherein the high nickel content oxide material has a weight percentage in a range of 70 to 99 weight percent.
  3. 3. The cathode material blend according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high nickel content oxide material is NMC811.
  4. 4. A cathode (16) for a battery (10), the cathode (16) being made of a cathode material blend according to any one of the preceding claims.
  5. 5. A battery (10) for a vehicle, the battery comprising at least one cathode (16) according to claim 4.
GB2201210.8A 2022-01-31 2022-01-31 Cathode material blend for a cathode, cathode for a battery, and battery for a vehicle Withdrawn GB2615129A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2201210.8A GB2615129A (en) 2022-01-31 2022-01-31 Cathode material blend for a cathode, cathode for a battery, and battery for a vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2201210.8A GB2615129A (en) 2022-01-31 2022-01-31 Cathode material blend for a cathode, cathode for a battery, and battery for a vehicle

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GB2615129A true GB2615129A (en) 2023-08-02

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011113783A (en) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-09 Sony Corp Positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, high-output electronic equipment, and automobile
CN108777298A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-11-09 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of positive electrode, positive plate and lithium ion battery
CN109273684A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-01-25 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery composite cathode material and preparation method thereof
WO2019034105A1 (en) * 2017-08-18 2019-02-21 宁波致良新能源有限公司 Positive electrode material and preparation method thereof, positive electrode and lithium ion battery
CN110459749A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-15 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of composite positive pole and preparation method thereof
CN110649235A (en) * 2019-09-12 2020-01-03 江苏容汇通用锂业股份有限公司 Modification method of nickel-rich ternary cathode material
CN111048760A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-21 江苏力泰锂能科技有限公司 Positive electrode active material and method for producing same
US20200161632A1 (en) * 2017-05-29 2020-05-21 Taiheiyo Cement Corporation Positive electrode active material complex for lithium-ion secondary battery, secondary battery using same, and method for producing positive electrode active material complex for lithium-ion secondary battery
WO2020261879A1 (en) * 2019-06-27 2020-12-30 東レ株式会社 Positive electrode for lithium-ion secondary battery, and lithium-ion secondary battery
US20210083289A1 (en) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Saft America Cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011113783A (en) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-09 Sony Corp Positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, high-output electronic equipment, and automobile
US20200161632A1 (en) * 2017-05-29 2020-05-21 Taiheiyo Cement Corporation Positive electrode active material complex for lithium-ion secondary battery, secondary battery using same, and method for producing positive electrode active material complex for lithium-ion secondary battery
WO2019034105A1 (en) * 2017-08-18 2019-02-21 宁波致良新能源有限公司 Positive electrode material and preparation method thereof, positive electrode and lithium ion battery
CN108777298A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-11-09 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of positive electrode, positive plate and lithium ion battery
CN109273684A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-01-25 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery composite cathode material and preparation method thereof
WO2020261879A1 (en) * 2019-06-27 2020-12-30 東レ株式会社 Positive electrode for lithium-ion secondary battery, and lithium-ion secondary battery
CN110459749A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-15 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 A kind of composite positive pole and preparation method thereof
CN110649235A (en) * 2019-09-12 2020-01-03 江苏容汇通用锂业股份有限公司 Modification method of nickel-rich ternary cathode material
US20210083289A1 (en) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Saft America Cathode materials for lithium ion batteries
CN111048760A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-21 江苏力泰锂能科技有限公司 Positive electrode active material and method for producing same

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