GB2606235A - Capacitive electrical energy storage device - Google Patents

Capacitive electrical energy storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2606235A
GB2606235A GB2107327.5A GB202107327A GB2606235A GB 2606235 A GB2606235 A GB 2606235A GB 202107327 A GB202107327 A GB 202107327A GB 2606235 A GB2606235 A GB 2606235A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
energy storage
spool
laminate
storage device
electrical energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
GB2107327.5A
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GB202107327D0 (en
Inventor
Theakston Robert
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of GB202107327D0 publication Critical patent/GB202107327D0/en
Publication of GB2606235A publication Critical patent/GB2606235A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/32—Wound capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G13/00—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors; Processes specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors not provided for in groups H01G4/00 - H01G11/00
    • H01G13/02—Machines for winding capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/38—Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/38—Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
    • H01G4/385—Single unit multiple capacitors, e.g. dual capacitor in one coil

Abstract

A capacitive electrical energy storage device has a length of energy storage laminate 6 formed of a first conductive layer, a second insulating layer, a third conductive layer, and fourth insulating layer. The device has a charged configuration in which the energy storage laminate 6 is taut and at least some of it is wound around the first spool 1, but none of it is wound around the second spool 2. The device has a discharged configuration in which the energy storage laminate 6 is taut and at least some of it is wound around the second spool 2, but none of it is wound around the first spool 1. A spool drive mechanism drives the spools 1, 2 to move the device between the charged and discharged configurations so that electrical energy can be extracted from the device using a pinch roller 4 which compresses a portion of the energy storage laminate 6.

Description

Capacitive electrical energy storage device Field of the invention [1] The invention relates to a capacitive electrical energy storage device. In particular, the invention relates to an elongate insulated capacitive flexible laminate 5 which can be unspooled for extraction of electrical energy.
Background of the invention
[2] Capacitors store electrical energy. For this reason they can be useful for providing electrical power to remote loads which are not connected to a utility grid, in a similar way to batteries. While batteries typically store energy in chemical form, capacitors store energy in an electric field. Capacitors are discharged much more rapidly than batteries when connected to a load, which limits their usefulness to providing back-up to a battery system, or applications requiring rapid pulses of electrical energy.
[3] US 2015/0037621 discloses a method of producing a thin layered structure for storing energy capacitively.
Summary of the invention
[4] An aspect of the invention provides an electrical energy storage device comprising: a length of energy storage laminate formed of a first conductive layer, a second insulating layer, a third conductive layer, and a fourth insulating layer; a first spool mechanism; a second spool mechanism; a spool drive mechanism; and an energy extracting mechanism; wherein: the energy storage laminate is connected, at its proximal end, to the first spool mechanism, and is connected, at its distal end, to the second spool mechanism; the device has a charged configuration in which the energy storage laminate is taut, at least some of the energy storage laminate is wound around the first spool, and none of the energy storage laminate is wound around the second spool; the device has a discharged configuration in which the energy storage laminate is taut, at least some of the energy storage laminate is wound around the second spool, and none of the energy storage laminate is wound around the first spool; and the device is movable between the charged configuration and the discharg,ed configuration by driving at least one of the first spool and second spool to rotate by means of the spool drive mechanism.
[5] The invention provides a convenient way of storing electrical energy in a compact capacitive arrangement comprising strips of conductive material isolated by layers of electrical insulator. This 'energy storage laminate' can be wound around a first spool for storage, and unwound when the electrical energy stored in at least a partial length of the laminate is required. As the laminate is unwound, it comes into contact with the energy extraction mechanism, which discharges at least a part of the stored electrical energy, into the chosen load.
[6] In some embodiments, the energy extraction mechanism comprises a pinch roller through which the energy storage laminate passes when the energy storage device is moving between the charged configuration and the discharged configuration, wherein said pinch roller compresses the portion of energy storage laminate passing through it.
[7] In order to create a conductive link between the portion of the third conductive layer to be discharged and the load, without providing a conductive link between layers of laminate wound around the first spool, the extraction mechanism must temporarily change the state of a selected portion of the insulating layers surrounding the third conductive layer. A preferred way of achieving this goal is by temporarily compressing at least one of the insulating layers of the selected portion of laminate, and configuring said insulating layers so that temporary compression causes an electrically conducting link to be made through one of the insulating layers.
[8] In some such embodiments, the energy storage laminate comprises a fifth conductive layer, having a plurality of conductive vias spaced along the length of the energy storage laminate, protruding part of the way through the fourth insulating layer towards the third conductive layer; and the fourth insulating layer is elastically compressible.
[009] In other such embodiments, the fourth insulating layer is formed an elastically compressible composite material comprising electrically conductive elements which, when the fourth insulating laver is compressed, create an electrically conductive path through the fourth insulating layer.
[0101 In some embodiments, the device is housed in a cassette.
[11] This provides a very convenient device for storing energy capacitively. A 10 cassette provides a housing for the device which can easily be inserted into or connected to a suitably designed load device.
[12] Although the term 'cassette' is used to describe the housing for some embodiments of the device, this should not be taken to imply a particular size. Familiar cassettes such as audio or video cassettes are relatively small, so as to be handheld and to fit into domestic equipment. Embodiments of the present invention would typically, but not necessarily, be much larger. For example, in some preferred embodiments, a housing cassette may be a similar size to a large suitcase, and the laminate may be 200 to 300 mm wide.
[13] Some embodiments comprise an anti-static member in contact with the 20 energy storage laminate.
[14] In some embodiments, the spool drive mechanism comprises an electric motor, having a rotor mechanically coupled to at least one of the first spool and the second spool.
[15] In other embodiments, the spool drive mechanism comprises an 25 engagement member which is mechanically coupled to at least one of the first spool and the second spool, the engagement member being configured to mechanically engage with an external source of torque.
[16] Such arrangements may be similar to a video cassette or an audio cassette, with at least one and preferably two keyed torque receivers mechanically coupled to at least one spool, and preferably both spools respectively. A suitable load device may have a cassette receiving location with suitable torque providers positioned and shaped to engage with the torque receivers.
[17] In some embodiments, the third conductive layer comprises a plurality of discreet lengths of electrically conductive material, separated lengthwise by electrically insulating material.
[18] This arrangement is especially convenient when a gradual discharge of the device is required. It is envisaged that this will be a particularly useful embodiment of the invention, in which the spools will be rotated so as to present successive discreet lengths of electrically conducive material to the energy extraction mechanism for discharge.
Brief description of the drawings
[019] The invention will be described, by way of example only, with reference to a preferred embodiment and the following drawings: [20] Figure 1 depicts a simplified view of an embodiment of the invention.
[21] Figure 2 depicts a cross section of energy storage laminate according to an embodiment of the invention.
[022[ Figure 3 depicts a first embodiment of the energy extraction mechanism of the invention.
[023] Figure 4 depicts a second embodiment of the energy extraction mechanism of the invention.
Detailed description
[024] Figure 1 depicts an energy storage device according to one embodiment of the invention. The device comprises a first spool 1, a second spool 2, a plurality of rollers 3, anti static devices 4, and pinch roller 5. These components are held in a substantially fixed configuration relative to one another, preferably by a common housing, such as a cassette. An energy storage laminate 6 is held taut within the device, having a proximal end fixed to the first spool, and a distal end fixed to the second spool.
[025] The laminate 6 is wound about one or both of the spools 1, 2, and guided through the space between the spools 1, 2 by the rollers 3. As the laminate 6 passes through the space between the spools 1, 2, it comes into contact with the anti static devices 4 and the pinch roller 5.
[026] The anti static device 4 can be any suitable anti static device known in the art. There are many such devices, including that described in US 4345284 A, incorporated herein by reference.
[27] The pinch roller 5 comprises a pair of cylindrical rollers. The distances between the circumferences of the cylindrical rollers is less than the thickness of the laminate 6, so that the laminate 6 is compressed by passing through the pinch roller 5. Both of the cylindrical rollers are electrically conductive and are connected to an electrical inlet/outlet of the device.
[28] In order to discharge the device, the spools 1, 2 should be wound in a first direction, so that the laminate 6 is unwound from the first spool 1, so that successive charged portions of the laminate 6 pass through the pinch roller 5, and are then wound onto the second spool 2. While each successive charged portion passes through the pinch roller 5, it is discharged to the electrical inlet/outlet of the device and a load connected to said electrical inlet/outlet. The discharging mechanism will be explained in more detail below. The speed of turning the spools can be selected according to the power requirements.
[29] In order to charge the device, the spools 1, 2 should be wound in a second direction, so that the laminate 6 is unwound from the second spool 2, so that successive discharged portions of the laminate 6 pass through the pinch roller 5, and are then wound onto the first spool 1. While each successive discharged portion passes through the pinch roller 5, it is charged from the electrical inlet/outlet of the device from a source of electrical power connected to said electrical inlet/outlet. The speed of turning the spools can be selected according to the power source and the charge level desired for each successive portion of laminate to be charged.
[030] A 'portion' of laminate as used above refers to a discreet capacitive section of laminate. This will be made clear when the structure of the laminate is discussed below.
10311 It may be necessary during charging and/or discharging, depending on the power requirements, to cool the device. In this case, at least the portion of the device comprising the pinch roller 5 should be cooled. For example, at least said portion could be submerged in liquid nitrogen. Material tolerances for the device should be selected accordingly.
10321 Figure 2 depicts a lengthwise cross section of the laminate 6 according to an embodiment of the invention. The laminate 6 consists of a first conductive layer?, a second insulating layer 8, a third conductive layer 9, and a fourth insulating layer 10. The third conductive layer 9 comprises discreet lengths of electrically conductive material 11, separated by electrically insulating material. The first conductive layer 7 comprises discreet lengths of electrically conductive material 12, separated by electrically insulating material. The discreet lengths of electrically conductive material 12 of the first layer substantially completely overlap the discreet lengths of electrically conductive material 11 of the third layer. I ach length of laminate 6 containing an overlapping pair of discreet lengths of electrically conductive material 11, 12 is a 'portion' of laminate as discussed above.
10331 As the laminate 6 passes through the pinch roller 5, one of the conductive cylindrical rollers contacts and compresses the fourth insulating layer 10. Figure 3 depicts a first embodiment of the fourth insulating layer 10, having a hybrid structure.
[34] In the hybrid structure depicted in Figure 3, the laminate 6 has a fifth conductive layer 13, with a plurality of conductive vias 14 distributed along the 5 length of the laminate 6, passing part of the way through the fourth insulating layer 1(1.
[35] The third conductive layer 10 is compressible. In the depicted embodiment, the third conductive layer 10 comprises a plurality of toroidal, compressible insulators 15 surrounding respective conductive vias 14. As a particular portion of laminate 6 is compressed by the pinch roller 5, the local toroidal insulators are compressed and their respective conductive vias 14 make contact with the third conductive layer 9. Electrical current then passes from the fifth conductive layer 11, through the conductive vias 14 and fifth conductive layer 11, into one of the conductive cylindrical rollers and to the electrical inlet/outlet.
[036] Figure 4 depicts a second embodiment of the third insulating layer 9, having a composite structure.
1037] In the composite structure depicted in Figure 4, the fourth insulating layer 10 is a composite material comprising a compressible insulating material, such as rubber, containing conductive elements. When the fourth insulating layer 10 is compressed by one of the conductive cylindrical rollers of the pinch roller 5, the conductive elements are pressed together Sc) as to form a conductive path between the third conductive layer 9 and the contacting conductive cylindrical roller of the pinch roller 5. Electrical current therefore passes from the third conductive layer 9, through the compressed composite material of the fourth insulating layer 10, through the contacting conductive cylindrical roller, to the electrical inlet/outlet.
[038] Although the invention has been described above with reference to some preferred embodiments, these embodiments are not limiting. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims.

Claims (9)

  1. Claims 1. An electrical energy storage device comprising: a length of energy storage laminate formed of a first conductive layer, a second insulating layer, a third conductive layer, and a fourth insulating layer; a first spool mechanism; a second spool mechanism; a spool drive mechanism; and an energy extracting mechanism; wherein: the energy storage laminate is connected, at its proximal end, to the first spool mechanism, and is connected, at its distal end, to the second spool mechanism; the device has a charged configuration in which the energy storage laminate is taut, at least some of the energy storage laminate is wound around the first spool, and none of the energy storage laminate is wound around the second spool; the device has a discharged configuration in which the energy storage laminate is taut, at least some of the energy storage laminate is wound around the second spool, and none of the energy storage laminate is wound around the first spool; and the device is movable between the charged configuration and the discharged configuration by driving at least one of the first spool and second spool to rotate by means of the spool drive mechanism.
  2. 2. An electrical energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the energy extraction mechanism comprises a pinch roller through which the energy storage laminate passes when the energy storage device is moving between the charged configuration and the discharged configuration, wherein said pinch roller compresses the portion of energy storage laminate passing through it.
  3. 3. An electrical energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein: the energy storage laminate comprises a fifth conductive layer, having a plurality of conductive vias spaced along the length of the energy storage laminate, protruding part of the way through the fourth insulating layer towards the third conductive layer; and the fourth insulating layer is elastically compressible.
  4. 4. An electrical energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein: the fourth insulating layer is formed an elastically compressible composite material comprising electrically conductive elements which, when the fourth insulating layer is compressed, create an electrically conductive path through the fourth insulating layer.
  5. 5. An electrical energy storage device according to any preceding claim housed in a cassette.
  6. 6. An electrical energy storage device according to any preceding claim comprising an anti-static member in contact with the energy storage laminate.
  7. 7. An electrical energy storage device according to any preceding claim wherein the spool drive mechanism comprises an electric motor, having a rotor 15 mechanically coupled to at least one of the first spool and the second spool.
  8. 8. An electrical energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the spool drive mechanism comprises an engagement member which is mechanically coupled to at least one of the first spool and the second spool, the engagement member being configured to mechanically engage with an external source of torque.
  9. 9. An electrical energy storage device according to any preceding claim wherein each of the first and third conductive layers comprise a plurality of discreet lengths of electrically conductive material, separated lengthwise by electrically insulating material.
GB2107327.5A 2021-04-26 2021-05-21 Capacitive electrical energy storage device Pending GB2606235A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB2105904.3A GB202105904D0 (en) 2021-04-26 2021-04-26 Servo control capacitor drive

Publications (2)

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GB202107327D0 GB202107327D0 (en) 2021-07-07
GB2606235A true GB2606235A (en) 2022-11-02

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GB2107327.5A Pending GB2606235A (en) 2021-04-26 2021-05-21 Capacitive electrical energy storage device

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3133235A (en) * 1960-01-11 1964-05-12 Jr Howard F Shepherd Variable impedance
US4345284A (en) 1979-05-07 1982-08-17 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Device for preventing electrostatic charges on a magnetic recording tape of a tape cassette
US6239508B1 (en) * 1997-10-06 2001-05-29 Reveo, Inc. Electrical power generation system having means for managing the discharging and recharging of metal fuel contained within a network of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems
US20150037621A1 (en) 2013-07-24 2015-02-05 Empire Technology Development Llc Energy storage device
WO2018162253A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage system, use of an energy storage system, charging device, system and method for charging an energy store
WO2018162235A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage system, use of an energy storage system, charging device, system and method for charging an energy store

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3133235A (en) * 1960-01-11 1964-05-12 Jr Howard F Shepherd Variable impedance
US4345284A (en) 1979-05-07 1982-08-17 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Device for preventing electrostatic charges on a magnetic recording tape of a tape cassette
US6239508B1 (en) * 1997-10-06 2001-05-29 Reveo, Inc. Electrical power generation system having means for managing the discharging and recharging of metal fuel contained within a network of metal-air fuel cell battery subsystems
US20150037621A1 (en) 2013-07-24 2015-02-05 Empire Technology Development Llc Energy storage device
WO2018162253A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage system, use of an energy storage system, charging device, system and method for charging an energy store
WO2018162235A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage system, use of an energy storage system, charging device, system and method for charging an energy store

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GB202105904D0 (en) 2021-06-09
GB202107327D0 (en) 2021-07-07

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