GB2602974A

GB2602974A - Apparatus for use with larvae

Info

Publication number: GB2602974A
Application number: GB2100757.0A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Hansen Nicholas; Brotherton-Ratcliffe Henry
Original assignee: Flyr Ltd
Current assignee: Flyr Ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-20
Filing date: 2021-01-20
Publication date: 2022-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-20
Also published as: GB202100757D0; GB2602974B

Abstract

An apparatus for the counting or directing of larvae 200. As a counting apparatus, it may comprise a holder 10 for supporting the larvae, and a funnel 12 for receiving the larvae from the holder. A detector 14 may be provided for detecting the larvae which pass through the funnel. Such a detector, where present, may be configured to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel. This data may be then sent to a controller 16 which is configured to receive the data from the detector, and process the data to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel. The apparatus can also be used without the detector and controller as an apparatus for directing larvae from the holder 10 to a location downstream of the funnel, such as to a vessel 48.

Description

APPARATUS FOR USE WITH LARVAE

Field

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for use with larvae, such as an apparatus for counting larvae and/or for directing larvae.

Background

In the context of larvae, and in particular new-born larvae, such as new-born (neonate) maggots, being able to determine an exact number of these larvae can be challenging. This is so, not least due to their relatively small size (sometimes as small as 100 microns in length), and their natural behaviour to not remain stationary. Particularly in more industrial contexts, where such larvae may be grown on a large scale, such as for potential use as a source of protein, there is a need therefore to be able to accurately determine a number, or count, of larvae which may be present Equally, in the context of such larvae, noting their relatively small size, there is also a need to be able to allow these larvae to be efficiently directed from an initial/upstream location where they may be initially stored or supported to a downstream location where these larvae may be subsequently processed or stored.

Various approaches are therefore described herein which seek to help address the issues noted above.

Summary

According to a first aspect of certain embodiments there is provided an apparatus for counting larvae, the apparatus comprising: a holder for supporting the larvae; a funnel for receiving the larvae from the holder; and a detector for detecting the larvae which pass through the funnel, wherein the detector is configured to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel; and a controller which is configured to: receive the data from the detector; and process the data to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.

According to a second aspect of certain embodiments there is provided a method for counting larvae, the method comprising: allowing larvae from a holder to pass into a funnel; detecting the larvae, which pass through the funnel, using a detector; generating data from the detector relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel receiving the data, from the detector, at a controller; and processing the data using the controller to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.

According to a third aspect of certain embodiments there is provided an apparatus for directing larvae, the apparatus comprising: a holder for supporting the larvae; and a funnel for receiving the larvae from the holder, wherein the funnel is configured to direct the larvae from the holder to a location downstream of the funnel.

According to a fourth aspect of certain embodiments there is provided a method for directing larvae, the method comprising: supporting larvae on a holder; allowing the larvae from the holder to fall into a funnel; and using the funnel to direct the larvae in the funnel to a location which is downstream of the funnel.

It will be appreciated that features and aspects of the invention described above in relation to the various aspects of the invention are equally applicable to, and may be combined with, embodiments of the invention according to other aspects of the invention as appropriate, and not just in the specific combinations described herein.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1A schematically represents in perspective view an apparatus for use with larvae in accordance with certain embodiments of the disclosure; Figure 1B schematically represents an end view of the apparatus from Figure 1A; Figure 2 schematically represents a perspective view of an interior portion of the apparatus from Figures 1A and 1B; Figure 3 illustrates a method for counting larvae in accordance with certain embodiments of

the disclosure;

Figure 4A schematically represents a top view of a holder for use with the above apparatus in accordance with certain embodiments of the disclosure; Figure 4B schematically represents a cross-section view of the holder from Figure 4A when taken about the section A-A from Figure 4A in accordance with certain embodiments of the disclosure; Figure 4C schematically represents an underside, perspective, view of the holder from Figure 4A in accordance with certain embodiments of the disclosure; and Figure 4D schematically represents a topside, perspective, view of the holder from Figure 4A in accordance with certain embodiments of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

Aspects and features of certain examples and embodiments are discussed / described herein. Some aspects and features of certain examples and embodiments may be implemented conventionally and these are not discussed / described in detail in the interests of brevity. It will thus be appreciated that aspects and features of apparatus and methods discussed herein which are not described in detail may be implemented in accordance with any conventional techniques for implementing such aspects and features.

The present disclosure relates in general to apparatus for use with larvae. Whilst not limited thereto, such larvae may include new-born larvae, such as new-born (neonate) maggots.

In a first instance, any such apparatus may be used as a counting apparatus, such as an apparatus for counting the larvae. In this respect, such larvae are able to exhibit a limited amount of movement, i.e. tend not to remain stationary, which can make counting such larvae difficult.

Appreciating the foregoing, and with references to the disclosure from the Figures, described herein initially is an apparatus 1 for counting larvae 200. In accordance with some embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in the Figures, the apparatus 1 may comprise a holder 10 for supporting the larvae 200 and a funnel 12 for receiving the larvae 200 from the holder 10.

In accordance with such embodiments, the apparatus 1 may also comprise a detector 14 for detecting the larvae which pass through the funnel 12. The detector 14 may be configured to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel 12. Where any such data is generated, in accordance with some embodiments, the apparatus 1 may then be also provided with a controller 16 which is configured to receive the data from the detector 14, and then process the data to determine a count of larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12.

In accordance with the above embodiments therefore, there is effectively provided an apparatus for conveniently determining a count of larvae which, initially supported at the holder 10, have passed through the funnel 12 and been detected by the detector 14.

With respect to the holder 10, as noted above, an intention thereof is to support a number of larvae 200 which are intended to be ultimately counted. In that respect therefore, in accordance with some particular embodiments, the holder 10 may be configured to support either just the larvae 200 themselves, or support the larvae 200 in conjunction with some other materials 201, e.g. unborn larvae eggs, soil or some other constituents which are conducive for supporting the initial development/growth of the larvae 200. In terms of the state of the larvae whilst they are supported on the holder 10, in accordance with some embodiments, the larvae 200 may be born already (i.e. new-born), or may in some embodiments be configured to hatch whilst they are located or supported by the holder 10. In some embodiments, the larvae may be maggots.

Irrespective of how the larvae are located and/or supported on the holder 10, the holder 10 may be configured to allow the larvae to move around the holder 10. In this way, the larvae will eventually fall off from the holder, as a result of the natural instinct of the larvae to seek some form of shelter off from the holder 10, and thus down into the funnel 12 to then be detected by the detector 14.

With regards to possible shapes and the construction of the holder 10, it will be appreciated that these may be varied so long as the holder 10 can achieve its ultimate purpose of initially supporting the larvae 200. Accordingly, in accordance with some embodiments for instance, the holder 10 may comprise a holding plate 20. In accordance with some particular embodiments, such as the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1A, the holding plate 20 may define a flat or concave surface 20A for supporting the larvae 200. To not just help reduce the weight of the holding plate 20, and to also better allow the larvae 200 to crawl around towards the underside of the holding plate 20, where the larvae 200 are better placed to then fall off from the holding plate 20, in accordance with some embodiments the thickness of the holding plate may be no more than 40mm, or in some embodiments no more than 20mm, or even no more than 10mm in some yet narrower embodiments.

In accordance with some embodiments, such as the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1A, the apparatus 1 may be configured to suspend the holder 10 over the funnel 12 for better allowing the larvae 200 to fall from the holder 10 into the funnel 12. By suspending the holder in this way, e.g. as opposed to providing one or more support arms directly between the holder 10 and the funnel 12 to locate the holder 10 in position, this may make it more difficult for the larvae 200 to move/wiggle their way to a location which is not ultimately into the funnel 12. With this in mind, and in accordance with some particular embodiments, the apparatus 10 may be provided with one or more supporting wires 24, connected to the holder 10, for suspending the holder 10 over the funnel 12. Each such supporting wire 24 may be then attached to a rigid member, such as a wall or ceiling, or some other part of the apparatus 1. With the provision of such a supporting wire(s) 24, this may make it particularly difficult for the larvae on the holder 200 to escape from the holder 10 along the supporting wire 24, such that the only way for the larvae 200 to move off from the holder 10 is down through the funnel 12. With respect to the size of any such supporting wire(s), in accordance with some particular embodiments, each supporting wire 24 may comprises a thickness of no more than 3mm, or in some even more specific embodiments no more than 2mm or no more than 1mm. In this way, such maximum thicknesses are particularly effective at inhibiting the larvae from successfully crawling along the supporting wire 24 away from the holder 10. Tying in with this, to yet further inhibit the larvae from escaping off from the holder 10, other than through the funnel 12, in accordance with some embodiments, at least one of the supporting wire(s) 24 may be configured to extend in a partially, or directly, upward/vertical direction away from the holder 10 when the apparatus is in use. Such an embodiment is shown in the embodiment of device from Figure 1A for instance. Additionally and/or alternatively, in accordance with some embodiments, each supporting wire 24 may be formed of a non-stick material, or be coated with such a material, such as Teflon, PTFE, and/or Nylon, to better prevent the larvae (which can often be sticky) from sufficiently gripping itself on the supporting wire 24. In accordance with some very particular embodiments, each supporting wire may comprise a suitably strong plastic, such as Nylon, or other material such as silk which demonstrates good overall properties for both supporting the holder 10 and preventing the larvae from being able to readily crawl along it.

In accordance with some embodiments, the holder 10 may also comprise any of the features as shown with reference to the holder 10 shown in Figures 4A-4D.

In this respect, and with reference to the Figures 4A-4D, there is shown yet another embodiment of holder 10 for supporting larvae 200. The holder 10 may comprise a holding plate 20 defining a first surface 20A for supporting the larvae 200, and a second surface 20B located opposite the first surface 20A. In accordance with some embodiments, a projecting lip 60 may extend away from, and extend around, the first surface 20A, for allowing larvae 200 to move off from the first surface 20A onto the projecting lip 60. Where such a projecting lip 60 is present, in accordance with some embodiments, the projecting lip 60 may comprise a first end 60A which is adjacent to the first surface 20A, and a second end 60B which is opposite the first end 60A. In this way, and as shown in accordance with the embodiment from Figures 4A-4D, the second end 60B may be located more proximal to the second surface 20B than the second end 60B is located to the first surface 20A.

In respect of such a holder 10 therefore, this provides for an effective configuration of holder 10 which can efficiently allow the larvae 200 to move off from the first surface 20A and then onto and down the projecting lip 60. In this way, as the larvae 200 then move down the projecting lip 60 towards the second end 60B, the larvae 200 may then reach a position where they cannot sustainably support their own body weight, or move themselves back up towards the first surface 20A. In essence therefore, the configuration of this holder may better allow for the larvae 200 to move in a one-way direction off from the holder 10/holding plate 20 to a position where the larvae 200 falls off from the holder 10. As noted above, it is noted that the larvae 200 will in themselves have a natural instinct to want to move off from the (exposed) holding plate 20, though it is the presence of the projecting lip 60 which may additionally help move these larvae 200 about a one way direction from this holding plate 20 to a position where the larvae 200 fall off from the holder 10.

As noted previously, in accordance with some embodiments, such as in respect of the holding plate 20 shown with reference to the embodiment from Figure 1A, the first surface 20A may be concave to facilitate supporting the larvae 200 initially, whilst also encouraging the larvae 200 to move in a direction towards the projecting lip 60.

With respect to the projecting lip 60, in accordance with some embodiments, such as that shown in the embodiment of Figures 4A-4D, the projecting lip 60 may similarly extend around the second surface 20B, and/or project from the second surface 20B in a (downward) direction away from the first surface 20A. In this way, such configurations of the projecting lip 60 may yet further facilitate the projecting lip 60 in forcing the larvae 200 to fall off from the holder 10.

In accordance with some embodiments, to better ensure the functioning of the projecting lip 60, the projecting lip may be annular. In this way, irrespective of which direction the larvae 200 move off from the holding plate 20 and/or first surface 20A initially, the larvae 200 will still encounter the projecting lip 60 in some form. This can be seen for instance, with reference to the embodiment from Figures 4A-4D, where the projecting lip 60 extends around the (entirety of) the outermost edge 62 of the first surface 20A.

To further improve the effectiveness of the projecting lip 60, in accordance with some embodiments, the projecting lip 60 may extend, from the first end 60A to the second end 60B, in an inward direction. In this way, as the larvae 200 then move along the projecting lip 60 from the first end 60A towards the second end 60B, the inward direction of the lip 60 (i.e. the lip extending towards a central axis extending through a middle of the holder 10/holding plate 20) may cause the larvae 200 to necessarily proceed about an overhanging surface 64. Such an overhanging surface 64, which may be an annular surface in accordance with some embodiments, may thus make it more difficult for the larvae 200 to support its own body weight, such to thus better encourage the larvae 200 to fall off from the holder 10.

Similarly, to further improve the effectiveness of the projecting lip 60, in accordance with some embodiments, the thickness of the projecting lip 60 may progressively decrease from the first end 60A towards the second end 60B. In this way, this decreasing thickness may assist with generating the profile of the projecting lip 60 which allows it to better prevent larvae 200 which do manage to reach the second end 60B from being able to successfully crawl their way round to the second (underside) surface 20B of the holding plate 20. In this respect as well, in accordance with some embodiments, to also assist with preventing the larvae 200 from accessing the second surface 20B of the holding plate 20 via the projecting lip 60, the second end 60B may define a sharp edge for better inhibiting the larvae from crawling around this second end 60B. In this respect, the second end 60B may define an edge 66 having a radius of curvature of no more than 2mm, or in some narrower embodiments no more than 1mm, or no more than 0.5mm. With such small radius of curvature(s) for the edge 66, this may make it more difficult for the larvae 200 from accessing the second surface 20B of the holding plate 20 via the projecting lip 60.

To yet further improve the operation of the holder 10, moving away from any provided projecting lip 60, in accordance with some embodiments, the second surface 20B may be convex. In this way, for any larvae 200 reaching this second surface 20B from the first (topside) surface 20A, the convex nature of the second surface 20B may effectively define an overhanging, potentially annular, surface 68, which may be particularly difficult for the larvae to support itself on -thus better forcing the larvae to fall off from the holder 10.

Turning to how any such holder 10 may be supported, as noted previously, the holder 10 may be connected to one or more supporting wires 24 for suspending the holder 10 in a required location (e.g. over the funnel 12, where such a funnel 12 is employed). In this respect therefore, in accordance with some embodiments, the holder 10 may be provided with one or more anchor points 70 for attaching a supporting wire 24 to the holder 10. With respect to some embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in Figures 4A-4D, each anchor point may comprise a hole 72 projecting either partially, or entirely, through the holder 10, such as through the holding plate 20 in some yet narrower embodiments.

In terms of the relative construction of any provided holding plate 20 and/or projecting lip 60 from the holder 10, in accordance with some embodiments, the projecting lip 60 may be connected to the holding plate 20. Though in some other embodiments, the holder may instead be formed as a unitary component. In this way, the manufacture of the holder 10 may be simplified in so far as it is formed as a single component. Such a unitary component holder 10 can be seen, for instance, with reference to the embodiment of holder from Figures 4A-4D.

With respect to the possible dimensions of the holder, it will be appreciated that these may be dependent on the intended scale of the holder 10/apparatus 1, and how may larvae 200 it is intended to initially support. That being said, in accordance with some embodiments suited for receiving a reasonable number of larvae 200, the holder 10 may have a maximum width W (and/or length) of no more than 500mm, or in some narrower embodiments no more than 250mm, or no more than 100mm. Additionally and/or alternatively, in accordance with some embodiments, the holder 10 may have a maximum height H of no more than 50mm, or in some narrower embodiments no more than 20mm, or no more than lOmm in yet narrower embodiments. Similarly, the holder 10 in accordance with some embodiments may have a maximum thickness T of no more than 40mm, or in some narrower embodiments no more than 10mm, or no more than 5mm in yet narrower embodiments.

Moving away from the holder 10, and turning to the funnel 12, as alluded to above, an intention of the funnel 12 is to receive the larvae 200 from the holder 10 and direct/channel these larvae to the detector 14 where the larvae 200 can then be detected. With this in mind, the apparatus 1 may be configured to allow larvae 200 from the holder 10 to fall off from the holder 10 into the funnel 12. In this way, the apparatus 1 may be thus configured to allow the larvae 200 from the holder 10 to pass, by gravity, through the funnel 12. In accordance with some embodiments, the funnel 12 may extend around the holder 10, and/or the holder 10 may be located in or above the funnel 12.

With respect to the location of the holder 10 and the detector 14 in relation to the funnel 12, in accordance with some embodiments, such as that from Figures 1A and 18, the holder 10 may be located toward a first end 12A of the funnel, and the detector 14 located toward a second end 12B of the funnel 12, wherein the second end 12B is opposite the first end 12A of the funnel 12. In accordance with some of these embodiments, such as that shown in the embodiment of Figures 1A and 18, the second end 128 may be narrower than the first end 12A (put differently the second end 128 may comprise an orifice 26 which is smaller than an orifice 28 from the first end 12A). In accordance with some embodiments, the second end 128 may be located between the first end 12A and the detector 14. Put differently, the detector 14 may be located downstream of the second end 12B of the funnel, and/or the detector 14 may be located outside of the funnel 12, as can be seen in the embodiment from Figure 2. Equally however, in accordance with some embodiments, the detector 14 could be located inside the funnel 12 and/or be configured to detect the larvae 200 whilst they are still inside the funnel 12. In any case, irrespective of the location of the detector 14 relative to the funnel 12, the detector 14 is still ultimately configured to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel 12 -such detection either being made in some embodiments in respect of these larvae whilst they are still in the funnel, or being made in other embodiments in respect of these larvae after they have passed through the funnel.

Staying with the funnel 12, in accordance with some embodiments, the funnel 12 may be configured to be vibrated for inhibiting the sticking of the larvae 200 to the funnel 12 as the larvae 200 pass through the funnel. Such vibration, in some particular embodiments for instance, may be achieved by the apparatus 1 comprising a vibrator 30, such as a vibrating collar, attached to the funnel 12 for transmitting vibrations to the funnel 12. In some other embodiments, the funnel 12 may comprise a resilient funnel and also comprise a magnet, with the apparatus 1 then comprising an electrical coil for inducing vibrational movement of the magnet from the funnel 12. In this latter embodiment, the funnel 12 from the apparatus 1 may be configured to function like a speaker and/or be configured to vibrate in response to an electrical current being applied to the electrical coil from the apparatus 1.

In these vibrating embodiments, irrespective of how the funnel 12 is configured to be vibrated, the vibrations in the funnel 12 as alluded to above may assist with inhibiting the sticking of the larvae 200 to the funnel 12 as the larvae 200 pass through the funnel. This is because the larvae 200 (which can often be sticky, and thus may sometimes stick to an otherwise stationary funnel 12) are then dislodged by the vibrations placed through the funnel 12 Although not limited to such frequencies, in accordance with some particular embodiments, it has been found that the funnel 12 vibrating at a frequency (which may include a plurality of frequencies, or just one frequency) of between 300Hz -10KHz provides a good balance between dislodging any larvae 200 which might otherwise stick to the funnel, whilst not vibrating the funnel 12 so fast that these vibrations might harm/damage the (living) larvae 200 as they pass through the funnel 12. In this respect as well, by vibrating the funnel at a plurality of frequencies, which in accordance with some narrower embodiments thereof may be between 300Hz -10KHz, this has been found to additionally assist in the dislodging of any larvae 200 which might otherwise stick to the funnel 12 as they pass through the funnel 12.

Irrespective of whether any vibrations are applied to the funnel 12, with respect to any material of the funnel 12, in accordance with some embodiments, the funnel may be made of plastic or metal. In some particular embodiments, the funnel 12 may be transparent or translucent, and/or comprise a portion which is transparent or translucent, to allow an operator of the apparatus 1 to more easily detect what is inside the funnel 12, such as for instance to detect if there is any blockage or undue matter stuck to the inside of the funnel 12. Additionally and/or alternatively, in accordance with some embodiments, the funnel 12 may comprise a coating layer for inhibiting the sticking of the larvae to the funnel 12 as the larvae pass through the funnel. Such a coating layer, in accordance with some particular embodiments might comprise PFTE/Teflon.

As will be appreciated as well, in respect of any locating of the funnel 12, the apparatus in accordance with some embodiments may be provided with at least one fixing or mount 32 to secure the funnel 12 in position whilst it is in use. Such a fixing or mount 32, in accordance with some particular embodiments such as that shown in Figures 1A-1B, may comprises a collar 34 extending around at least a portion; a circumference; and/or an outer surface 36 of the funnel 12.

Moving away from the funnel 12, and turning to the detector 14, as noted previously the detector 14 is configured to detect the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel. Depending on the exact detector 14 which is employed, it is envisaged that the detection may occur either whilst the larvae 200 are still in (or passing through) the funnel 12, or could in some embodiments occur after the larvae have passed through the funnel 12.

In the former case for instance, in an embodiment this might be achieved by the detector 14 being configured to scan a cross section of the funnel 14 to detect larvae 200 passing therethrough. In accordance with some particular embodiments thereof, the detector 14 might then comprise one or more radiation (such as light radiation or infrared radiation) emitters and one or more radiation receivers extending around a circumference of the funnel 14. In this way, as each larvae passes through the funnel 12, each such larvae 200 may affect the amount of radiation detected by the radiation receiver(s) from the detector 14.

Accordingly, movement of the larvae passing through the funnel 12 may allow the detector 14 to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel 12, which can then be used to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.

Equally however, in accordance with some embodiments, such as the embodiments illustrated in the Figures, the detector 14 may be located downstream of the funnel 12, such that detector 14 is configured to detect the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel after these larvae 200 have passed through the funnel 12.

With the above in mind, staying with the detector 14, in accordance with some embodiments, a potential implementation for the detector 14 may include it visually detecting the larvae which pass through the funnel. In that respect for instance, in some embodiments the detector 14 may comprise at least one camera 40 for imaging the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12 (either whilst these larvae are still are in the funnel, or after these larvae have already have passed through the funnel 12). Such a camera(s) 40 in some embodiments may be an optical camera, but in some other embodiments could be an infrared camera. In this respect, as the larvae 200 pass through the field of view of the camera, each camera 40 may be then configured to record/visually detect this movement of the larvae 200 to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel 14. Where such a 40 camera(s) is employed, the data in accordance with some embodiments thereof may comprise image data, and/or may comprise one or more images of the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 14.

As noted above, where any camera 40 is provided, the camera 40 in accordance with some embodiments may comprise an optical camera for detecting the larvae 200, and/or may comprise an infrared camera for detecting the larvae 200.

To assist with any ultimate determination of the count of larvae, as will be described, in accordance with some embodiments (such as that shown in the embodiment from the Figures), the apparatus 1 may further comprise a casing 42 through which the larvae 200 are configured to pass through. Where such a casing 42 is present, the casing 42 may comprise a first orifice 44 for allowing larvae 200 which pass through the funnel to pass into a cavity 45 of the casing 42. In accordance with some embodiments, the casing 42 may be further provided with a second orifice 46 for allowing the larvae to exit the casing 42. In this way, the casing 42 may be configured to allow the larvae 200 to pass through the casing 42 (such as fall through, by gravity, whilst the apparatus 1 is in use), and out via the second orifice 46 -where this second orifice 46 is present.

Ultimately, the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12 may be configured to be stored or collected in a vessel 48 which may be provided as part of the apparatus 1. This vessel 48 in accordance with some embodiments may be disposed downstream of the detector 14 (i.e. such that the larvae 200 are first detected by the detector 14 before reaching the vessel 48). Where the casing 42 is provided, in accordance with some embodiments thereof, the vessel 48 may be configured to collect the larvae 200 which pass through any provided second orifice 46 from the casing 42 (such as in the embodiment shown in the Figures). In accordance with some other embodiments however, any provided vessel 48 could instead be located in the casing 42 and be configured to receive the larvae 200 which pass through the first orifice 44, such to avoid the need for any potential second orifice 46.

In any event however, where the casing 42 is provided, this may act to better provide a suitable environment for the detector 14 for detecting the larvae 200 which pass through the casing 42 (i.e. those larvae which pass through the funnel 12). In that respect for instance, where the detector 14 comprises the at least one camera 40, the casing 42 may provide an environment for each camera to image alongside the larvae 200. Put differently, in such embodiments, each camera 40 may be configured to image the cavity 45 for imaging the larvae 200 which pass into the cavity 45.

In respect of the cavity 45 from the casing 42, in accordance some embodiments, the apparatus 1 may be configured to allow at least one property of the cavity 45 to be varied. Such a property might include, in some particular embodiments for instance, at least one or more of the temperature of the cavity and/or the brightness in the cavity 45. In this way, the ability of the apparatus 1 to control the conditions inside the cavity may facilitate the apparatus 1 in being able to more accurately and efficiently determine the count of larvae which pass through the funnel 12. With respect to how any such property(ies) of the cavity 45 may be controlled, the apparatus 1 in accordance with some embodiments may be provided with a heat source, such as heater, for controlling the temperature of the cavity 45. Equally, in accordance with some embodiments, the apparatus 1 may comprise at least one illumination source 56 for illuminating the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 14. In this way, and in embodiments where the casing 42 is provided, each illumination source 56 may be configured to illuminate inside the cavity 45, as shown in the embodiment of Figure 2 for instance.

Where any illumination source 56 is provided, in accordance with some embodiments, the illumination source 56 may comprise a radiation source for illuminating the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel with radiation. In accordance with some embodiments, each illumination source 56 may comprise an optical radiation source for illuminating the larvae 200 with optical/light radiation. Equally though, in accordance with some embodiments, each illumination source 56 may comprise an infrared radiation source for illuminating the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel with infrared radiation. In this way, and where the casing 42 is also provided, radiation (whether this be optical or infrared) from each radiation source may be emitted inside the cavity 45 in a way that allows for the larvae 200 to be better illuminated with this radiation, which makes it easier for the detector 14 to detect the illuminated larvae 200. Such an embodiment is shown in the embodiment of Figure 2.

Accordingly, with the provision of such an illumination source(s) 56 in the apparatus 1, this may allow the apparatus 1 to better illuminate the larvae 200 to make them easier to detect using the detector 14 in the first instance. This, in turn, may then resultantly reduce the amount of processing required by the controller 16 on the data from the detector 14 to determine the count of larvae 200.

With respect to the location of any provided detector 14, when it is provided along with the casing 42 and the at least one illumination source 56, in accordance with some particular embodiments, the detector 14 and each illumination source 56 may be configured to be located on a first, same, side/half of the larvae 200 which are configured to pass through the casing 42 from the funnel 12. Equally, in so far as the cavity 45 defines a path P for the larvae 200 to pass through the casing 42, the detector 14 and each illumination source 56 may be located on the same side/half of the path P. In essence therefore, the apparatus 1 in accordance with such embodiments may be configured to allow the same side/half of the larvae 200 to be both illuminated and detected by the detector 14. In this way, the position of each illumination source 56 relative to the detector 14 may be better optimised for illuminating these larvae 200.

Staying with the relating positioning of the detector 14 and any provided illumination source 56, in accordance with some embodiments, the illumination source 56 may be configured emit radiation which extends in a first principal linear direction Al, with radiation being configured to be received by the detector 14 about a second principal linear direction A2, wherein the first and second principal linear direction directions Al and A2 are separated by an acute angle a. In accordance with some particular embodiments, the actual angle may be at least 2 degrees, or in more particular embodiments at least 5 degrees, at least 8 degrees, or at least 10 degrees. Similarly, in accordance with some particular embodiments, the actual angle a may be no more than 60 degrees, or in accordance with yet more particular embodiments no more than 50 degrees, no more than 48 degrees, or no more than 45 degrees. For the sake of completeness, in respect of the term principal linear direction, this is intended to mean the direction about which radiation is configured to be principally directed/received by the respective illumination source/detector as shown for instance with reference to the embodiment of Figure 2. By ensuring an angle between the first and second principal linear directions Al and A2 which is between 2 and 60 degrees, this has been found to demonstrate a particularly effective illumination of the larvae 200 for improved detection thereof by the detector 14.

In respect of other features relating to the casing 42 which may be employed for improving the detection of the larvae 200 by the detector 14, and for reducing the amount of processing of the data from the detector 14 by the controller 16 to determine the count of larvae 200, the casing 42 in accordance with some embodiments may further comprise a portion 50, exposed to the cavity 45, wherein the portion is made of a light absorbent coating or paint. In that respect, in accordance with some embodiments, the portion 50 may comprise a material with a Light Reflectance Value of no more than 50%, or in some yet narrow embodiments no more than 30%. With these features, and particularly where the detector 14 comprises a camera 40, the portion 50 may thus be configured to reduce the amount of noise in the data which is generated by the detector 14, (e.g. caused by the portion 50 reducing the extent of reflected/ambient 'noise' radiation inside the casing 42, which does not impinge the larvae 200, from being reflected back towards, and thus be detected by, the detector 14/camera 40).

As to the location/structure of any such portion 50 of the casing 42, it will be appreciated that this portion 50 could comprise at least one wall of the casing 42, or a coating on a wall of the casing 42, which is exposed to the cavity 45. In accordance with some embodiments, such as that shown in the Figures, the portion 50 may be configured to be located on at least a second side/half of the larvae 200, wherein this second side/half is opposite the first side/half (at which is located each illumination source 56 and the detector 14). In this way, this location of the portion 50 may particularly assist with the portion 50 being configured to reduce the amount of noise in the data which is generated by the detector 14, since this location may better allow the portion 50 to reduce the extent of any radiation from each illumination source 56, which misses the larvae 200 initially, from being reflected back towards, and thus be detected by, the detector 14/camera 40.

Moving away from any provided casing 42, the apparatus 1 may be provided with a controller 16 for receiving the data from the detector 14, and for processing this data to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel. In respect of the data which is received by the controller 16, the content of this data will depend on the type of detector 14 employed to detect the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel (either whilst they are still in the funnel 12, or after the larvae 200 have left the funnel -such as whilst they are in any provided casing 42). In that respect for instance, where the detector 14 comprises a camera 40 for detecting the larvae, the data may comprise image data, and/or may comprise one or more images of the detected larvae. In accordance with some embodiments, the data may comprise a video recording and/or video data.

Thus the detector 14 is configured to generate the data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel and the controller 16 is configured to receive this data. Once the data has been received at the controller 16, the controller is then configured to process the data to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.

With respect to the exact processing steps carried out by the processor 16, these will depend on the form of the detector 14 which is used, and the type of data which is output by the detector 14. In this respect for instance, in the case of the detector 14 comprising a camera 40 which generates image data, the controller 16 may be configured to process the image data to determine the count of larvae 200 from the image data. Such processing of the image data, as will be appreciated by the skilled person, may include any required image processing techniques, such as (and certainly not limited to) edge detection, and/or brightness comparison techniques for comparing the brightness of different portions/areas of the image data to determine objects therefrom. In that respect, and as noted previously, any such image processing of the data from the detector 14 may be facilitated where the apparatus 1 comprises the at least one illumination source 56 and/or comprises the casing 42, which may each assist in making each larvae 200 that much more initially apparent/discernible from any data generated by the detector 14.

Thus following the processing of the data from the detector 14 (which as noted previously will be varied depending on the exact type of detector employed, as appreciated by the skilled person), the processor 16 is configured to determine the count of larvae 200 which pass through the funnel. This count may then be used in a number of different ways. In that respect, in accordance with some embodiments, the controller 16 may be then configured to determine once the count reaches a predetermined number, which could be any positive integer number, and which in some embodiments may be pre-selected/varied in response to a user request. Appreciably, any such predetermined number may be stored in a memory, from the apparatus 1, which is connected to the controller 16.

In response to determining that the count reaches the predetermined number, the controller 16 in accordance with some embodiments might then be configured to perform a number of different operations. Such operations may include the controller issuing a command containing instructions for configuring the apparatus 1 to prevent the funnel 12 from receiving larvae 200 from the holder 10. This might be achieved, in a very particular embodiment, by the apparatus 1 closing off the funnel 12 and/or by the apparatus 1 relatively moving the holder 10 away from the funnel 12.

Equally, in accordance with some embodiments, in response to determining that the count reaches the predetermined number, the controller may issue a command containing instructions for moving the vessel 48 (where this is provided), and/or to instructions to replace the vessel 48 with a different or empty vessel. This may be advantageous, for instance, in the case of the apparatus 1 being used as part of a production line for (sequentially) dispensing a predetermined count of larvae into each of a plurality of different vessels 48.

Alongside or instead of any the above operations, in response to determining that the count reaches the predetermined number, the controller 16 may also be configured to reset the count, such as to zero or some other number. Again, this resetting operation may be particularly advantageous in the case of the apparatus being used, for instance, as part of a production line for sequentially dispensing a predetermined count of larvae into each of a plurality of different vessels.

In summary therefore, described above is an apparatus for conveniently determining a count of larvae. In a similar way, it will be appreciated that described herein is also a corresponding method for determining such a count of larvae, which in accordance with some embodiments may be employed using such an apparatus 1. In that respect for instance, and with reference to Figure 3, a first step 302 of the method may comprise allowing larvae from a holder 10 to pass into a funnel 12. From there, the method may comprise as a step 304 detecting the larvae, which pass through the funnel, using a detector 14, which may include any of the detector 14 features as described herein. The method as a third step 306 may then comprise generating data from the detector 14 relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel, and then as a fourth step 308 comprise receiving the data, from the detector 14, at a controller 16. The fifth step 310 from the method may then comprise processing the data using the controller 16 to determine a count of larvae 200 which pass through the funnel.

Thus, there has been described an apparatus for counting larvae, the apparatus comprising: a holder for supporting the larvae; a funnel for receiving the larvae from the holder; and a detector for detecting the larvae which pass through the funnel, wherein the detector is configured to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel; and a controller which is configured to: receive the data from the detector; and process the data to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.

There has also been described a method for counting larvae, the method comprising: allowing larvae from a holder to pass into a funnel; detecting the larvae, which pass through the funnel, using a detector; generating data from the detector relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel; receiving the data, from the detector, at a controller; and processing the data using the controller to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.

While the above described embodiments have in some respects focussed on some specific configurations/uses of the apparatus 1, it will be appreciated that various modifications may be made to such configurations/uses of the apparatus 1. For instance, although the detector 14 has been described in a number of the above embodiments as comprising a camera 40 or be configured to visually detect the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12, it will be appreciated that in accordance with some embodiments, the detector 14 may be configured to detect the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12 in a number of other ways.

This may include for instance, the detector 14 comprising one or more microphones for generating audio data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel. In such embodiments therefore, the detector 14 may be configured to audibly detect the larvae which pass through the funnel, and/or be configured to generate audio data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel. Such audio data could comprise, for instance, an audio recording of the larvae 200 passing through the funnel. In this way, the controller 16 may be then configured to process the audio data to discern the noise of the individual larvae 200 passing the detector 14 and/or the one or more microphones, to thus determine the count of larvae which pass through the funnel 12. In accordance with such embodiments, it will that appreciated the one or more microphones could be configured to be located either in or on the funnel 12 (for recording the larvae whilst they are still in the funnel 12) and/or be located downstream of the funnel 12 (for recording the larvae which pass through the funnel 12 after these larvae 200 have passed through the funnel 12), such as in any provided casing 42. In accordance with some such latter embodiments where the casing 42 is employed, the casing 42 may similarly comprise the portion 50 configured to reduce the amount of noise in the data which is generated by the detector 14. In such embodiments for instance, and where the data then comprises audio data, the portion 50 may then comprise soundproofing material.

Equally, in accordance with some embodiments, the detector 14 may be alternatively/additionally provided with at least one pressure sensor which is configured to be impinged, or contacted, by the larvae 200 as they pass through the apparatus 1 from the holder 10. In this way, the controller 16 may be further configured to process pressure data from the at least one pressure sensor to determine the count of larvae which pass through the funnel 12.

Thus appreciating the foregoing, it will be appreciated that a variety of different forms for the detector 14 may be employed, which do not necessarily require the use of a camera 40 or other visual/optical means for detecting the larvae 200.

For the sake of completeness as well, it will be appreciated that the apparatus 1 described herein may used not necessarily as just a counting apparatus, but could in fact be used more generally as an apparatus for directing larvae from an initial/upstream location, where the larvae may be initially supported, to a downstream location where these larvae may be subsequently processed or stored. In that way therefore, described herein is also an apparatus for directing larvae, the apparatus comprising: a holder for supporting the larvae; and a funnel for receiving the larvae from the holder, wherein the funnel is configured to direct the larvae from the holder to a location downstream of the funnel.

In this respect for instance, it can be seen that such an apparatus need not necessarily comprise the detector 14 and/or the controller 16, yet still could include such features and/or potentially any of the other features described herein relating to apparatus 1 -such as, but certainly not limited to, the at least one supporting wire -which further facilitates the apparatus being able to direct larvae to the location downstream of the funnel, and/or the configuration of the funnel to be vibrated for inhibiting the sticking of the larvae to the funnel as the larvae pass through the funnel 12, which again also assists with directing the larvae to the location downstream of the funnel 12.

That being the case, equally described herein is a corresponding method for directing larvae, the method comprising: supporting larvae on a holder; allowing the larvae from the holder to fall into a funnel; and using the funnel to direct the larvae in the funnel to a location which is downstream of the funnel.

It may be seen that this method may then similarly include any of the herein described features relating to the already described apparatuses and methods. For instance, in accordance with some embodiments, the step of allowing the larvae from the holder to fall into a funnel may comprise the step of allowing the larvae from the holder to fall into a vibrating funnel, which in accordance with some further particular embodiments may vibrate at a frequency of between 300Hz -10KHz.

Equally, in accordance with some embodiments, any such method for directing larvae may comprise any of the other described features or operations described herein, such as the downstream location comprising the vessel 48 and/or the casing 42. In this way for instance, in accordance with some embodiments, the method step of using the funnel to direct the larvae in the funnel to a location which is downstream of the funnel may comprise: using the funnel to direct the larvae in the funnel to a casing which is located downstream of the funnel; and allowing the larvae to pass from the casing into a vessel.

Yet further still, it can be seen that aspects of the holder 10 as described herein may form an apparatus which is particularly suited for supporting larvae 200. Such a holder 10 may standalone, or in accordance with some embodiments may form part of an apparatus which may comprise any combination of the other features described herein with reference to the apparatus 1. Such feature(s) may comprise, for instance, any combination of the funnel 12; the detector 14; the controller 16; and/or the supporting wire(s) 24. Appreciably therefore, it can be seen that described herein is also the apparatuses set out by the following clauses: 1. An apparatus comprising a holder for supporting larvae, wherein the holder comprises: a holding plate defining a first surface for supporting the larvae, and a second surface located opposite the first surface; a projecting lip which extends away from, and which extends around, the first surface, for allowing larvae to move off from the first surface onto the projecting lip, wherein the projecting lip comprises: a first end which is adjacent to the first surface; and a second end which is opposite the first end, wherein the second end is located more proximal to the second surface than the second end is located to the first 15 surface.

2. An apparatus according to clause 1, wherein the first surface is concave 3. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the second surface is convex.

4. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the projecting lip extends around the second surface.

5. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the projecting lip projects from the second surface in a direction away from the first surface.

6. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the projecting lip is annular.

7. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the projecting lip extends around an outermost edge of the first surface.

8. An apparatus according to clause 7, wherein the projecting lip extends around the entirety of the outermost edge of the first surface.

9 An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the projecting lip extends, from the first end to the second end, in an inward direction 10. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the thickness of the projecting lip progressively decreases from the first end towards the second end.

11. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the second end defines an edge having a radius of curvature of no more than 2mm.

12. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the holder further comprises at least one anchor point for attaching a supporting wire to the holder.

13. An apparatus according to clause 12, wherein the at least one anchor point comprises a plurality of anchor points.

14. An apparatus according to clause 12 or 13, wherein each anchor point comprises a hole projecting through the holder.

15. An apparatus according to clause 14, wherein each hole projects through the holding plate.

16. An apparatus according to any preceding clause, wherein the holder is formed as a unitary component.

In summary therefore, it can be seen that the disclosure herein described may allow for any combination of feature(s) from one embodiment, clause set, or claim set to be combined with any other combination or permutation of features relating to any other embodiment/clause set/claim set.

To be clear as well, in accordance with some embodiments described herein, the apparatuses 1 described herein may comprise any combination of the holder 10; the funnel 12; the detector 14; the controller 16; and/or any of the other features described herein. For instance, in accordance with some embodiments, the apparatus 1 may comprise the funnel 12 without the holder 10. Equally, in accordance with some embodiments, the apparatus 1 may comprise the combination of the funnel 12 and the detector 14, and which may be provided with or without any combination of the holder 10 and the controller 16.

Mindful of the above therefore, the apparatus 1 herein disclosed may thus be equally considered as an apparatus 1 for the counting or directing of larvae 200. As a counting apparatus, it may comprise a holder 10 for supporting the larvae 200, and a funnel 12 for receiving the larvae from the holder 10. A detector 14 may be provided for detecting the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12. Such a detector 14, where present, may be configured to generate data relating to the larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12. This data may be then sent to a controller 16 which is configured to receive the data from the detector 14, and process the data to determine a count of larvae 200 which pass through the funnel 12. The above apparatus 1 can also be used without the detector 14 and controller 16 as an apparatus 1 for directing larvae from the holder 10 to a location downstream of the funnel, such as to a vessel 48.

Thus in order to address various issues and advance the art, this disclosure shows by way of illustration various embodiments in which the claimed invention(s) may be practiced. The advantages and features of the disclosure are of a representative sample of embodiments only, and are not exhaustive and/or exclusive. They are presented only to assist in understanding and to teach the claimed invention(s). It is to be understood that advantages, embodiments, examples, functions, features, structures, and/or other aspects of the disclosure are not to be considered limitations on the disclosure as defined by the claims or limitations on equivalents to the claims, and that other embodiments may be utilised and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claims. Various embodiments may suitably comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, various combinations of the disclosed elements, components, features, parts, steps, means, etc. other than those specifically described herein, and it will thus be appreciated that features of the dependent claims may be combined with features of the independent claims in combinations other than those explicitly set out in the claims. The disclosure may include other inventions not presently claimed, but which may be claimed in future. In effect, any combination of feature(s) from one set of claims many be combined with any other individual feature(s) from any of the remaining set of claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An apparatus for counting larvae, the apparatus comprising: a holder for supporting the larvae; a funnel for receiving the larvae from the holder; and a detector for detecting the larvae which pass through the funnel, wherein the detector is configured to generate data relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel; and a controller which is configured to: receive the data from the detector; and process the data to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the funnel is configured to be vibrated for inhibiting the sticking of the larvae to the funnel as the larvae pass through the funnel.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the funnel is configured to be vibrated at a frequency of between 300Hz -10KHz.
4. The apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the funnel is configured to be vibrated at a plurality of frequencies of between 300Hz -10KHz.
5. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the funnel comprises a coating layer of PTFE for inhibiting the sticking of the larvae to the funnel as the larvae pass through the funnel.
6. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the holder is located toward a first end of the funnel, and the detector is located toward a second end of the funnel, wherein the second end is opposite the first end, and wherein the second end is narrower than the first end.
7. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the holder is suspended over the funnel for allowing larvae to fall from the holder into the funnel.
8. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising at least one supporting wire, connected to the holder, for suspending the holder over the funnel.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one supporting wire comprises a plurality of supporting wires.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein each supporting wire comprises a thickness of no more than 3mm.
11. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the holder comprises a holding plate, wherein the holding plate defines a flat or concave surface for supporting the larvae.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the thickness of the holding plate is no more than 40mm.
13. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the detector comprises at least one camera for imaging the larvae which pass through the funnel, wherein the at least one camera is configured to generate the data.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each camera comprises an infrared camera.
15. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one illumination source for illuminating the larvae which pass through the funnel.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each illumination source comprises an infrared radiation source for illuminating the larvae which pass through the funnel with infrared radiation
17. The apparatus according to claim 1501 16, when further dependent on claims 13 or 14, further comprising a casing comprising an orifice for allowing larvae which pass through the funnel to pass into a cavity of the casing wherein each illumination source is configured to illuminate the cavity, and wherein each camera is configured to image the cavity for imaging the larvae which pass into the cavity.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the casing comprises a portion exposed to the cavity, wherein the portion comprises a Light Reflectance Value of no more than 50%.
19. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising a vessel for storing the larvae which pass through the funnel.
20. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the controller is further configured to: determine once the count reaches a predetermined number.
21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the controller is further configured to: in response to determining that the count reaches the predetermined number, issue a command containing instructions for configuring the apparatus to prevent the funnel from receiving larvae from the holder.
22. The apparatus according to any of claims 20-21, wherein the controller is further configured to: in response to determining that the count reaches the predetermined number, reset the count.
23. The apparatus according to any of claims 20-22, when further dependent on claim 19, wherein the controller is further configured to: in response to determining that the count reaches the predetermined number, issue a command containing instructions for moving the vessel.
24. A method for counting larvae, the method comprising: allowing larvae from a holder to pass into a funnel; detecting the larvae, which pass through the funnel, using a detector; generating data from the detector relating to the larvae which pass through the funnel; receiving the data, from the detector, at a controller; and processing the data using the controller to determine a count of larvae which pass through the funnel.
25. An apparatus for directing larvae, the apparatus comprising: a holder for supporting the larvae; and a funnel for receiving the larvae from the holder, wherein the funnel is configured to direct the larvae from the holder to a location downstream of the funnel.
26. A method for directing larvae, the method comprising: supporting larvae on a holder; allowing the larvae from the holder to fall into a funnel; and using the funnel to direct the larvae in the funnel to a location which is downstream of the funnel.