GB2598419A - Formulation - Google Patents

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GB2598419A
GB2598419A GB2020461.6A GB202020461A GB2598419A GB 2598419 A GB2598419 A GB 2598419A GB 202020461 A GB202020461 A GB 202020461A GB 2598419 A GB2598419 A GB 2598419A
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composition
weight
diol
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pmd
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GB202020461D0 (en
GB2598419C (en
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Woodruff John
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Workforce Biologics Ltd
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Workforce Biologics Ltd
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Priority to GB2020461.6A priority Critical patent/GB2598419C/en
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Priority to GB2108165.8A priority patent/GB2603220A/en
Priority to EP21844637.5A priority patent/EP4267106A1/en
Priority to US18/269,010 priority patent/US20240050339A1/en
Priority to CA3203038A priority patent/CA3203038A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2021/086010 priority patent/WO2022136067A1/en
Priority to AU2021407343A priority patent/AU2021407343A1/en
Publication of GB2598419A publication Critical patent/GB2598419A/en
Publication of GB2598419B publication Critical patent/GB2598419B/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/04Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01PBIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P1/00Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/047Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12Aerosols; Foams

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

Described herein are compositions including p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) having antiviral properties. The compositions are formulated to be stable and sprayable using one or more solvents selected from short chain primary alcohols and short chain secondary alcohols or combinations thereof as defined therein and either a glyceride-based emulsifier or a non-ionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactant.

Description

Formulation
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antiviral formulation; and more specifically to a stable, sprayable formulation comprising p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD).
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The insect-repellent effect of essential oils from the lemon eucalyptus tree (Corymbia citriodora, formerly known as Eucalyptus citriodora) has been known for some time.
The active ingredient of these oils is PMD (p-Menthane-3,8-diol; also known as menthoglycol, or 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-y1)-5-methylcyclohexan-1-01). The structure of PMD is shown below. "OH
OH
Note that PMD may exist in a number of different stereoisomeric forms.
The natural oils may be refined in order to increase the PMD content; the refined oils may be sold under a variety of trade names, including CitridiolTM. It is believed that the natural oils may contain a mixture of different stereoisomers in varying ratios, depending on the source of the oil.
It is also possible to use synthetic PMD; for example, synthetic PMD may be obtained as described by Zimmerman and English in J. A. C. S. 75 (1953) pp 2367-2370. PMD is also a precursor obtained during the synthesis of menthol. The precursor is usually in the form of a specific isomer of PMD.
As well as having insect-repellent properties, PMD is also believed to be useful as an antiviral or viricidal agent. This is described, for example, in US patent 7,872,051, which publication indicates that compositions comprising PMD are effective against influenza Urbani Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Urbani SARS) and HSV-1. The suggestion is also made that, since all these viruses have a lipid envelope, the compositions may also be effective against other viruses having a lipid envelope, including coronaviruses.
This suggestion is also supported by recent work by the UK's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), in which the effectiveness of an off-the-shelf insect repellent formulation containing PMD (Mosi-GuardTm Natural spray) or CitriodiolTm against the SARS-Cov2 virus -responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic -was assessed. The study reported that one minute liquid suspension tests indicated that CitriodiolTm, ethanol, isopropanol and Mosi-guardTM Natural have anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 England-2 isolate if mixed with the virus in the liquid phase; and that SARS-CoV-2 England 2 isolate survival studies on latex as a 'synthetic skin' (which was pre-treated with Mosi-guardTM Natural approximately 1 hour before testing) provided evidence of anti-viral properties against SARS-CoV-2 England-2 isolate. The work is reported at httos://www.gov. uklgovernmentipublicationstexperimental-survivalof-sars-cov-2-on-an-inseci rrepeHent-trealed-surFace--3 (accessed 2 December 2020).
It would be useful to provide formulations comprising PMD suitable for use as antiviral agents. However, off-the-shelf products intended for use as insect repellents, or other CitriodiolTm-containing products such as sunscreens, are generally inappropriate for repurposing as antiviral agents, for reasons including mode of application, consistency, stability, and so on. Furthermore, insect repellent formulations typically have relatively high levels of CitriodiolTM -up to 30% -and may contain additional components. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide PMD formulations for use as antiviral agents. Particularly preferred formulations are stable and sprayable, to enable easy transport, storage, and application over a wide area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a number of embodiments of formulations comprising PMD which are believed to be suitable for use as antiviral agents. The preferred embodiments should be stable, and sprayable (for example, as a mist or a fog) to allow wide coverage. It was found when researching possible formulations that PMD showed a tendency to crystallise, in particular when used at concentrations lower than those which may be found in conventional insect repellents, such that potential formulations required to be modified in order to reduce crystallisation. The skilled person will appreciate that crystallised PMD may interfere with spray delivery mechanisms, so this may be a significant obstacle to practical widespread use as an antiviral.
The antiviral compositions of the invention are intended to be sprayable. Thus, the compositions can be delivered from non-aerosol mechanical pump spray devices or from pressurized aerosol canisters using a propellant or from any other mechanism or method of dispersing compositions. The compositions may be intended for topical application to the skin, and/or for application to surfaces, and/or for misting to fill a volume. A wide range of mechanical pump spray devices and aerosol canister systems are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Similarly, a wide range of propellant materials are well known to those skilled in the art. Nonlimiting examples include lower molecular weight hydrocarbons such as propane n-butane and isobutane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and so forth, as well as compressed or pressurised air.
Mixtures of such propellants can also be used.
Unless otherwise indicated, the concentrations of ingredients specified below are given in terms of the weight of the ingredient based on the weight of the sprayable antiviral composition as a whole but excluding any propellant that might be present.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) from 0.1% to 25% by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) from 5% to 40% by weight of the total composition of one or more solvents selected from short chain (C1-05) primary alcohols and short chain (C3-05) secondary alcohols, and combinations thereof; c) either i) from 0.5% to 10% by weight of the total composition of a glyceride-based emulsifier; or ii) from 10% to 30% by weight of the total composition of a non-ionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactant.
It is to be understood that the term "antiviral", as used herein, means "having the capacity to inhibit or stop the growth and reproduction of viruses", or "having the capacity to destroy or inactivate viruses".
The composition may further optionally comprise: d) from 2% to 10% by weight of a polar ester; and/or e) from 0.1% to 3% of an emulsion stabiliser (non-limiting examples include carbomers, cellulose gun, xanthan gum and microcrystalline cellulose) The balance of the composition may be water, and optional ingredients to improve shelf life and aesthetic properties.
In preferred embodiments, the composition consists essentially of components a) to c), and optionally d) and/or e), and water. That is, no additional components are present. In particular this means the composition can be provided as an oil-free, and (in some embodiments) ethanol-free composition. In other embodiments the composition may consist essentially of components a) to c), and optionally d) and/or e), and water, and further optional ingredients to improve shelf life and aesthetic properties.
The composition may be in the form of an emulsion, when an emulsifier is used, or in the form of a solution, where no emulsifier is used. Preferred embodiments provide the composition as a solution, since this is easier to handle and manipulate, but there may be some circumstances when an emulsion is preferred. In particular, an emulsion may be preferable when the composition is to be formulated on site (for example, to be prepared by the end user or an intermediary), rather than being centrally manufactured and distributed.
The PMD present in the composition may be any single isomer or any combination of one or more isomers. In preferred embodiments, the PMD is at least 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or more of a pure single isomer. However, we believe that the relevant antiviral properties are not dependent on a particular isomer, such that other degrees of purity or mixtures of isomers may be used.
The amount of PMD present in the composition may be from 0.1%-25%, preferably 0.5%-10%, alternatively 1%-9%, preferably 2%-8%, or 3%-7%, or 4%-6%. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises 5% by weight of PMD.
The solvent may be selected from short chain (C1-05) primary and short chain (C3-05) secondary alcohols, and mixtures thereof. The term alcohols includes diols and polyols. Possible primary alcohols include ethanol or methanol; however, given the potential for abuse of formulations containing these, their use is not preferred. Preferred secondary alcohols are propanols, and particularly preferred are propan-2-ol (also referred to as isopropyl alcohol) and propane-1,2-diol (also referred to as propylene glycol); and indeed these are each particularly preferred in embodiments of the invention. Other alcohols which may be used include On a non-limiting list) ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, and capryl glycol.
The solvent may be present from 5% to 40% by weight of the total weight of the composition. Where a single solvent is present -for example, propan-2-ol or propane1,2-diol -the preferred amount of solvent present is from 5-20% by weight, more preferably 10-20%, yet more preferably 13-18%, and most preferably 15% by weight.
Either of these solvents may be used individually in this amount. Where a mix of solvents is used, then these may be used in any desired ratio, and a preferred amount of solvent is from 20-40% by weight, more preferably 25-35% by weight, and most preferably 30% by weight. One example of a preferred composition includes 25% propan-2-ol and 5% propane-1,2-diol; this is more preferred where the composition is not an emulsion. Hence in a further embodiment, when the solvent is or includes propane-1,2-diol, component c) is not an emulsifier. We have found that propan-2-ol alone is an efficient solvent, but that addition of propane-1,2-diol can help to reduce loss by evaporation and the propensity for the PMD to crystallise and potentially block dispensing of the composition.
The glyceride-based emulsifier, when present, may be present at 0.5-10% by weight; preferably 0.5-5%, more preferably 1.5%-3.5%, and still more preferably 2.5%. Preferred emulsifiers include polyglyceryl-ester emulsifiers or glyceryl esters of fatty acids; one particularly preferred emulsifier is glyceryl oleate citrate, with alternatives being glyceryl stearate citrate or glyceryl cocoate citrate. Commercially-available emulsifiers may be used; for example, that available under the brand "dermofeel0 easymuls plus" from Evonik (which contains glyceryl oleate citrate). Other emulsifiers which may be suitable include: the "Sucrabase" range produced by Alfa Chemicals (comprising caprylic/capric triglycerides, glycerine, sucrose laurate, sucrose stearate); DUB Base Expert+ from Stearinerie Dubois (containing glyceryl stearate citrate, sucrose stearate, polyglycery1-4 cocoate, cetyl alcohol, sodium ricinoleate). Where commercial formulations of emulsifiers are used, it is preferred that these are PEG free.
The non-ionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactant, when present, may be present at 10-30% by weight, preferably 10-20%, more preferably 12.5-17.5%, and most preferably around 15%. Preferred surfactants are polysorbates, in particular polysorbate 80, but in certain embodiments other polysorbates may be used such as polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60. Polysorbates are a class of surfactant comprising ethoxylated esters. Polysorbate 80 is a mixture of oleate esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides, consisting predominantly of the monoester, condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide. It is also known as Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monooleate. The higher the degree of ethoxylation the more likely it will be a good solubiliser.
In certain embodiments, a polar ester may be present, from 2% to 10% by weight; preferably from 3-9%, from 4-8%, or most preferably 5%. We have found that addition of such an ester may help reduce crystallisation of the PMD. A preferred polar ester is C12-15 alkyl benzoate, but others may be selected; for example, from those commonly used in cosmetics. Examples of other esters which may be useful in the invention include Butyl Stearate, Butyloctyl Salicylate, C12-13 Alkyl Lactate, Cetearyl Ethylhexanoate, Cetearyl Isononanoate, Cetearyl Nonanoate, Cetyl Dimethyloctanoate, Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, Cetyl Isononanoate, Cetyl PaImitate, Decyl Isostearate, Decyl Oleate, Diethyl hexyl Adipate, Diethyl hexyl Carbonate, Diisopropyl Adipate, Diisostearyl Malate, Ethyl Oleate, Ethylhexyl PaImitate, Isocetyl Ethylhexanoate, Isocetyl lsodecanoate, Isocetyl Stearoyl Stearate, Isodecyl Ethylhexanoate, Isodecyl Isononanoate, lsodecyl Neopentanoate, lsononyl Isononanoate, Isopropyl Acetate, Isopropyl Arachidate, Isopropyl Behenate, Isopropyl Benzoate, Isopropyl Citrate, Isopropyl Cyanoacrylate, Isopropyl Cyclohexylpropionate, Isopropyl Hydroxystearate, Isopropyl lsostearate, Isopropyl Laurate, Isopropyl Linoleate, Isopropyl Maleate, Isopropyl Myristate, Isopropyl Nicotinate, Isopropyl Oleate, Isopropyl PaImitate, Isopropyl Pelargonate, Isopropyl Ricinoleate, Isopropyl Sorbate, Isopropyl Stearate, Isopropylacrylamide, lsopropylbenzyl Salicylate, lsosteareth-3 Ethylhexanoate, Isostearyl Ethylhexanoate, Isostearyl Isononanoate, Isostearyl lsostearate, Isostearyl Neopentanoate, lsotridecyl Isononanoate, Myristyl Lactate, Myristyl Myristate, Octyldodecyl Lactate, Octyldodecyl Stearate, Phenethyl Benzoate, PPG 3 Benzyl Ether Myristate, Propylene Glycol Dibenzoate, Stearyl Caprylate, Stearyl Heptanoate, Triethylhexanoin, Triisononanoin, Triisopropyl Citrate, and Triisopropyl Trilinoleate. Particularly preferred examples may include Decyl Oleate, Diethyl hexyl Carbonate, Isopropyl Benzoate, Isopropyl Citrate, Isopropyl Myristate, and Isopropyl PaImitate.
Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are, first, a sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) from 0.5% to 10%, preferably 3-7%, more preferably 5%, by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) from 10% to 30%, preferably 15-20%, more preferably 20%, by weight of the total composition of propan-2-ol; c) from 10% to 30%, preferably 10%, by weight of the total composition of polysorbate 80; d) the balance is water.
A second particularly preferred embodiment is a sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) from 0.5% to 10%, preferably 3-7%, more preferably 5%, by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) 20% by weight of the total composition of propan-2-ol; c) from 10% to 30%, preferably 10%, by weight of the total composition of polysorbate 80; d) 10% by weight of the total composition of propane-1,2-diol; e) the balance is water. 25 An embodiment of the invention provides a sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) 5% by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) 15-30% by weight of the total composition of propan-2-ol; c) from 10% to 20% by weight of the total composition of polysorbate 80; d) 0-10% by weight of the total composition of propane-1,2-diol; wherein, when propane-1,2-diol is present, the total combined amount of propane-1,2-diol and propan2-ol is 30%; e) the balance is water.
An embodiment of the invention provides a sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) 5% by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) 10-15% by weight of the total composition of propane-1,2-diol; c) 0-5% by weight of the total composition of a polar ester; d) 1-5% by weight of the total composition of an emulsifier; e) the balance is water.
A further aspect of the invention provides a concentrate which, when diluted with water, yields a sprayable antiviral composition as defined herein. The concentrate cannot be water-free but will preferably contain a minimum amount of water required to provide a stable solution or paste. This can then be diluted as required to yield the composition.
In certain embodiments, we believe that a maximum of 25% by weight of water in the concentrate is preferred.
A still further aspect of the invention provides a spray bottle containing a composition as defined herein.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are intended to illustrate aspects of the invention, and to describe how it may be practiced. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
We aimed to identify ways to solubilise or emulsify PMD into a water-thin solution or emulsion that can be sprayed in a fog. Ideally the ingredients were to be readily available and the formula be suitable for cold-processing, thereby allowing production in many different environments and circumstances (for example, in temporary hospitals, or in remote or underserved areas of the world).
Our research made use of a commercially available PMD solution, from Chemical Process Laboratories, Silverton, South Africa which was specified as being 70-75% active by weight. On analysis, the test sample as received was 71% active. Our objective was to provide an emulsion/solution with 5% active content hence the following examples indicate use of 7.15% PMD solution to give a final 5% active content. Alternative sources of PMD may of course be used, and in particular when scaling up for larger production runs it is possible to commercially obtain PMD Solution with a range of 55% to 75% and up to 95-97% pure PM D in solid form.
The reason for selecting 5% active is to ensure sufficient PMD is present in the applied final product, assuming some inevitable variation in surface skin moisture, inconsistency of application, and so on. However, PMD is believed to provide antiviral effects across a range of concentrations. The insect repellent effect is only seen at much higher concentrations, and hence most existing PMD-containing formulations are geared towards stability at these higher (up to 30%) concentrations.
Formula Development Previous experience with Citriodiol in formulations for insect repellents was expected to be relevant in reaching the goal. However, the formulation process proved to be unexpectedly complex. One particular issue was that a blend of solubilisers that worked when added with Citriodiol at 30% did not work when in the same proportion with PMD Solution at 7.15%. After further consideration of potential formulations, some were prepared but overnight storage at 50 showed crystals developing in most of them; hence these were considered unsuitable.
After further development, four possible solutions were obtained, and were tested at 5C, ambient and 400. After 5 days all were clear at ambient and 400 but three showed different levels of crystal development at 5C. Concurrent with trying to find clear solutions we also looked at various emulsifier possibilities and two were identified that appeared promising. These were also tested for 5 days at the 3 conditions. One emulsion showed signs of instability but the other one remained stable for the full 10 days test period.
Table 1 below shows the components of two test emulsions, and four test solutions, and the results after 10 days storage at the three temperature conditions. One emulsion (F1/7229B) appeared stable after 10 days at 40C and one solution (F1/7743C) showed no sign of crystals after 10 days at 5C. We determined that both propylene glycol (PG) and isopropanol (IPA) show solvent properties for PMD Solution.
Table 1: Tested Samples Emulsions Solutions Ingredients F1/7229 B F1/7229 C F1/7729 A F1/7743 B F1/7743 C F1/7743 D PMD Solution 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 Propylene Glycol 15.00 10.00 10.00 0 0 20.00 Easymuls Plus* 2.50 0 0 0 0 0 Water 75.35 80.35 42.85 47.85 61.35 56.55 Lysofix Liquid 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 Isopropanol 0 0 30.00 0 15.00 0 Polysorbate -60** 0 0 10.00 0 0 0 Polysorbate 0 0 0 0 16.50 16.30 Butylene Glycol 0 0 0 30.00 0 0 Crodasol WS 0 0 0 15.00 0 0 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 10-day Storage 5C - Clear Crystals visible V. slight crystals Cloudy Clear Slight crystals crystals? Ambient Stable Stable Clear Clear Clear Clear 40C Stable Unstable Clear Clear Clear Clear Following this investigation and previous screening processes Easymuls plus is the emulsifier of choice. It is Glyceryl Oleate Citrate from Evonik, described as a natural, anionic PEG-free 0/W emulsifier for low-viscous products. It shows excellent cold emulsifying capacities and can stabilise oil contents from 5 % to 30 % without significantly increasing the emulsion viscosity, making it very suitable for a spray application.
Of the many solubilisers tried Polysorbate-80 was the most effective but it was present at quite a high level. We next looked at reducing its level to 10% and adjusting levels of propylene glycol and isopropanol to find the optimum blend when used at 30% in a formulation -see Table 2.
Table 2: To find Optimum Blend of IPA/PG.
Ingredients Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend 3 Blend 4 PMD Solution 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 Polysorbate-80 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 IPA 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 PG 0 10.00 20.00 30.00 Water, deionised 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 Storage Results Cloudy when mixed Cloudy when mixed 5C Clear Clear Ambient Clear Clear 40C Clear Clear We were left with one emulsion and three solutions that appeared to fulfil our requirements, they remained stable for a minimum of 10 days and were each sprayed through perfume atomisers without a problem.
We only had one emulsion under test and previous work showed the advantage of using a polar ester to improve stability and inhibit crystal formation. Further samples were prepared using three different esters; C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Decyl Oleate and Ethylhexyl Carbonate and these were put under test as before.
There are three solutions; the preference is for F1-7744 B using both PG and IPA. PG will slow evaporation rate and inhibit crystals forming in the spray nozzle after use.
Table 3
Emulsions Solutions Ingredients F1/722 F1/776 4A F1/776 F1/776 F1/774 F1/774 F1/774 9B 4B 4C 3C 4A 4B PMD Solution 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 Propylene Glycol 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 0 0 10.00 Easymuls 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 0 0 0 Plus* C12-15 Alkyl benzoate 0 5.00 0 0 0 0 0 Decyl Oleate 0 0 5.00 0 0 0 0 Diethyl Hexyl Carbonate 0 0 0 5.00 0 0 0 Water 75.35 74.85 74.85 74.85 61.35 52.85 52.85 Isopropanol 0 0 0 0 15.00 30.00 20.00 Polysorbate- 0 0 0 0 16.50 10.00 10.00 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Experiments have also been carried out on preparing concentrates for emulsions. Examples of concentrates are shown in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Concentrates -to be diluted 40% concentrate /60% water.
Ingredients F1/7764A F1/7764B PMD Solution 17.875 17.875 Propylene Glycol 37.5 37.5 Easymuls Plus* 7.125 7.125 C12-15 Alkyl benzoate 12.50 0 Decyl Oleate 0 12.50 Water 25.00 25.00 100% 100%

Claims (18)

  1. CLAIMS: 1. A sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) from 0.1% to 25% by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) from 5% to 40% by weight of the total composition of one or more solvents selected from short chain (C1-05) primary and short chain (C3-05) secondary alcohols, and combinations thereof; c) either i) from 0.5% to 10% by weight of the total composition of a glyceride-based emulsifier; or ii) from 10% to 30% by weight of the total composition of a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactant.
  2. 2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising: d) from 2% to 10% by weight of a polar ester.
  3. 3 The composition of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: e) from 0.1% to 3% of an emulsion stabiliser.
  4. 4. The composition of any preceding claim, consisting essentially of components a) to c) and water, and optionally components d) and/or e).
  5. 5. The composition of any preceding claim comprising 5% by weight of PMD.
  6. 6. The composition of any preceding claim wherein the solvent is selected from propan-2-ol and propane-1,2-diol.
  7. 7. The composition of any preceding claim wherein the solvent comprises from 5% to 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
  8. 8. The composition of any preceding claim wherein a mix of solvents is used, and the mix comprises 25-35% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
  9. 9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the composition comprises 25% propan-2-ol and 5% propane-1,2-diol, or wherein the composition comprises 20% propan-2-ol and 10% propane-1,2-diol.
  10. 10. The composition of any preceding claim wherein the solvent is or includes propane-1,2-diol, and component c) is not an emulsifier.
  11. 11. The composition of any of claims 1-9 wherein the glyceride-based emulsifier is present at 1.5-3.5% by weight.
  12. 12. The composition of any preceding claim wherein the non-ionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactant is present at 10-20% by weight.
  13. 13. The composition of any preceding claim wherein the non-ionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactant comprises polysorbate 80.
  14. 14 A sprayable antiviral composition, the composition comprising: a) from 0.5% to 10%, preferably 3-7%, more preferably 5%, by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) from 10% to 30%, preferably 15-20%, more preferably 20%, by weight of the total composition of propan-2-ol; c) from 10% to 30%, preferably 10%, by weight of the total composition of polysorbate 80
  15. 15. A sprayable antiviral composition; the composition comprising: a) from 0.5% to 10%, preferably 3-7%, more preferably 5%, by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) 20% by weight of the total composition of propan-2-ol; c) from 10% to 30%, preferably 10%, by weight of the total composition of polysorbate 80; and d) 10% by weight of the total composition of propane-1,2-diol.
  16. 16. A sprayable antiviral composition; the composition comprising: a) 5% by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) 15-30% by weight of the total composition of propan-2-ol; c) from 10% to 20% by weight of the total composition of polysorbate 80; and d) 0-10% by weight of the total composition of propane-1,2-diol; wherein, when propane-1,2-diol is present, the total combined amount of propane-1,2-diol and propan- 2-ol is 30%.
  17. 17. A sprayable antiviral composition. the composition comprising: a) 5% by weight of the total composition of p-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); b) 10-15% by weight of the total composition of propane-1,2-diol; c) 0-5% by weight of the total composition of a polar ester; d) 1-5% by weight of the total composition of an emulsifier; and.e) 0.1% to 3% by weight of the total composition of an emulsion stabiliser. 15
  18. 18. A spray bottle containing a composition as defined in any preceding claim.
GB2020461.6A 2020-12-23 2020-12-23 Stable, sprayable antiviral formulation Active GB2598419C (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2020461.6A GB2598419C (en) 2020-12-23 2020-12-23 Stable, sprayable antiviral formulation
GB2108165.8A GB2603220A (en) 2020-12-23 2021-06-08 Formulation
EP21844637.5A EP4267106A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-15 Formulation comprising p-menthane-3,8-diol
US18/269,010 US20240050339A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-15 Formulation comprising p-menthane-3,8-diol
CA3203038A CA3203038A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-15 Formulation comprising p-menthane-3,8-diol
PCT/EP2021/086010 WO2022136067A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-15 Formulation comprising p-menthane-3,8-diol
AU2021407343A AU2021407343A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-15 Formulation comprising p-menthane-3,8-diol

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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GB2020461.6A GB2598419C (en) 2020-12-23 2020-12-23 Stable, sprayable antiviral formulation

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005087209A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-22 Paul Douglas Clarke Antiviral composition comprising p-menthane-3, 8-diol

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9917040D0 (en) * 1999-07-21 1999-09-22 Clarke Paul D Antiseptic composition

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005087209A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-22 Paul Douglas Clarke Antiviral composition comprising p-menthane-3, 8-diol

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Mintel GNPD Database Redcord ID 6003191 - PMD Outdoor Activity Shield - Farlain Creative Marketing *

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GB2598419B (en) 2022-10-19
GB202020461D0 (en) 2021-02-03
GB2598419C (en) 2022-10-26
GB2603220A (en) 2022-08-03

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