GB2592741A - Thermoelectric induction invention - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermoelectric generator comprising a monocrystal conductive anticlockwise helix consisting of eight square ended rhombohedral geometric units with Phi dimensions, being alternately rotated by 90o, which converts longitudinal thermal diffusion to electric potential resulting in an electromotive force, negative heat capacity and, ultimately, voltage sourced from ground by the conductance of an electrical circuit’s positive current, in the potential of a temperature difference, to clean ground.

Description

Title: Thermoelectric Induction Invention

Pp 1-7: Description

(Introduction Pp 1-2, Circuits Pp3-4, Theory Pp5-7) Page 8: Claims Page 9: Abstract

Description

The invention comprises a homogenous, conductive metal, square plate abutting a helix of geometrically discrete rhombohedral units, with Phi dimensions (Figure 1). Each unit is alternately rotated by 90' (Figure 2) to form an anticlockwise helical path for thermoelectric generation.

The helix (Figure 2) nutates plane polarized states of thermal currents to generate anticlockwise electric potential which increases thermal conductivity and decreases specific heat capacity (to satisfy the equation of diffusivity), resulting in an electromotive force sufficient to power an electric circuit (Figure 3) and cool a heat source below ambient temperature, with a voltage potential proportional to the initial temperature of the heat source over ambient thermal equilibrium.

Heat improves conductance while electric potential increases heat susceptance. Heat diffusion, by analogy, increases temperature while thermoelectric conversion drops temperature which increases diffusion and increases conversion in falling temperature, thereby potentially inverting temperature. When at ambient thermal equilibrium diffusion is not rate limited, the heat source acquires limited negative heat capacity. So, towards the inverse temperature from ambient equilibrium there is classical rate limitation as towards a rest frame and equilibrium, which nonetheless constitutes a potential difference that later becomes crucial in conducting positive current to ground to maintain the voltage potential of the circuits (Figure 3).

The parallelepiped, rhombohedral units (Figure 1), numbering eight (Figure 2), representing two turns of the helix, have internal angles of (Figure la)54' and (Figure 1b)126°.

The square ended parallelepiped unit has proportions, Length4 x Width2 x Depth 1.618. The area of the end faces is 22.

The conductive, metallic, reflective heat source vessel is coupled by a proud flat area to a thin, thermally absorbent and conductive graphite layer having electrical capacitance in the junction, and which is further coupled with the heat source by the flat plate which is itself one homogenous form with the helix. The plane area of the vessel has electrically insulating posts which screw into it and slot through the graphite plate and the subsequent plate of the helix so that the assembly may be tightened with nuts. The edges of the junction, standing slightly proud of the plane adjoining the vessel may be framed with a protective heat resistant, electrically insulating plastic. The junction forms part of an external potential into which vessel is decanted a heat source such as boiled water.

The thin, conductive, and reflective vessel with flat faces has rounded edges and a tightly fitting lid. The flat plane of the junction is somewhat thicker and stands proud of the side of the vessel and is of one form with it. A further ridge stands proud of the plate to accommodate a framing material. The vessel may be rounded wherein the flat plane abuts the curved plane by a conservative volume of material to create one homogenous form with the vessel.

The conducting plate joining the helix (figure 2) is not depicted to scale but would ideally compensate for the length of the helix with decreased volume, relative to that of the helix, whatever it may be, to facilitate thermal conductance between the geometric components. Additionally, the plate would be thinner than the thinnest dimension of the helix. The junction, of relative dimensions to the vessel, increases conductivity by its compound structure, and allows the junction to be of realistically reduced proportions relative to the vessel and to serve as an electrical capacitor (Figures 2 and 3).

The vessel may be isolated from ground by four or so pillars consisting, in order, a serrated lock washer, supported by a flat washer on a rubber washer, with all four supported on a level thermal barrier.

A descriptive run through of the circuit (Figure 3) begins with a volage source at the terminal of the rhombohedral helix. The positive voltage potential encounters resistance at the inductor and charges the capacitor Cl, drawing cower through the transformer circuit, until Farads of capacitance reach the equivalent Ohm rating of resistor R1, whereupon power is drawn through the voltage drop of the resistor by the inductor and discharges the difference to circuit ground, and power is terminated, necessitating that the capacitor charges again with the same polarization. Consequently, the helix is depleted and repleted with charge through the line parallel (Figure 3), which has some capacitance. Due to voltage potential exceeding the primary circuit potential, the transformer circuit includes two parallel inductors and diodes that resist increasing voltage by magnetizing and demagnetizing by parallel inductance, thus grounding potential energy in their ferrimagnetic moments.

Positive current 'flows' from the media and resistlessly conducts to ground through 03 and the Zener diode (Figure 3), which prevents the circuits voltage dropping. The breakdown diode enables neutral ground to maintain the relatively positive, neutral charge of 03 which positively charges and negatively charges (without reverse charging) via the line parallel to the helix and their mutual capacitance due to the wire gauge. In the first cycle the line negatively charges, in the second cycle the line positively charges leaving a positive charge remaining at 03.

If there is voltage potential greater than the circuit resistance without the parallel inductors, then the inclusion of the parallel inductors stores increasing voltage potential in their respective magnetic fields through mutual assistive inductance.

The initial temperature of the heat source, estimated at 100°C and therefore, for example, 80cover thermal equilibrium, provides a persistent voltage potential of 80 Volts through decreasing temperature.

Capacitance between the helix and the circuits and their emissivity insulates the circuits. The vessel is isolated from ground by an electrically insulating thermal barrier, except of course for the ground wire. Heat conducts from ground through resistive gauging of the ground connection, and through conductive paths which circumvent the heat source. At and over thermal inversion, the heat source has thermal capacity over that of the helix, and the system can be considered grounded though of course, hypothetically speaking once there is a loss of electrical power the system must gradually return to thermal equilibrium, not chiefly through the circuits.

The helix is successively depleted and repleted with charge so current weakly charges the source through 03. The resistors and inductors, by their conductance and emissivity, radiate away heat and store power which, together with the helix, results in negative heat capacity of the source, and so subsequently when the thermal difference of source and clean ground is at designated potential, a breakdown diode closes the circuit to ground thus alternating current is conducted to ground and voltage is sourced from ground through the voltage potential of thermal difference which is thus maintained.

The passage of currents through the vessel of the heat source is expected to result in heat exchange with atmosphere by the Peltier effect, and potentially warm the vessel and its contents which, nonetheless, as previously described, has negative heat capacity and the difference with ambient temperature does no more than sustain electrical currents.

Some theoretical treatment of the embodiment follows. The Seebeck effect, whereby temperature difference drives electric currents, is the counterpart of the Peltier effect whereby electric currents accelerate heat exchange between two surfaces of different temperature. Therefore, a Peltier cell can be used to produce the Seebeck effect. However, neither principles generate temperature inversion but rely on a steady state out of equilibrium for their continuance.

The temperature inversion can be likened to a Heron's fountain while the secondary applied voltage due to the inversion is a product of Lamda, as the cosmological constant. The existence of the temperature difference of the vessel relative to ground is supportive of electrical currents while heat exchange is inhibited by the negative heat capacity of the vessel in the junction. Rather than current being the product of heat exchange and therefore, by the mechanism of thermoelectric induction described, maintaining the temperature difference, no electrical currents are produced by this path, in a steady state, and instead the vessel acquires insulance. Heat exchange due to electrical currents would result in thermal diffusion that generates more current and resists heat exchange, which describes a thermal 'transient'. A thermal barrier isolating the vessel from ground does not classically preclude the gradual diffusion of heat from ground, therefore thermal diffusion must be persistent at a reduced rate.

The secondary applied voltage matches the amplitude of the circuit's positive current and may subsequently be adjusted via a tertiary circuit (not depicted) having a potentiometer. Increased voltage potential is limited to the equivalent temperature inversion and is rate limited by the volume of the vessel and its contents, whereby smaller volumes have higher rates of induction. Increasing voltage additionally cools the energy source which has insulance relative to the external environment, while increasing energy concentrated in the helix improves the components thermal conductivity.

The more power is drawn from ground the more the system comes into resonance with ground flux of an equal magnitude. The less power is sourced, the greater the likelihood that 'ground flux of magnitude' travels around the circuits rather than through or on them, without the necessity of a circuit breaker. Simply, there exists a convergent state of high energy, which is not circumvented by design, so the greater the power drawn the less exclusive control is wielded over the circuit. Therefore 'clean ground' is as much a duty of the system's design as a case of the neutrality of ground.

Further to the analogy of the Heron's fountain, it must be contested that hot flows to cold. Considering that Heron's fountain has easily discerned pathways and mechanisms for the emptying of its compartment by the apparent though not real defiance of gravity, a mechanism of temperature inversion is comparatively obscure.

In place of fluid, heat is apparently introduced at the top or head of the system while the conversion mechanism provides the path to the tailing end of the system and the electrical potential of the circuits forms the equivalent of the air pressure which evacuates the head tank of fluid, or in this case energy, back through the system until it is empty or there is an equilibrium, in this case the inverse of the original temperature ratios.

However, it may be noted that Heron's fountain provides no 'flow back' path due to intervening gravity. Clearly, as the equilibrium phase is reached there would be 'flow back' of heat (specifically, from ground or ambient temperature) as the electric potential begins to fall abruptly at that critical chase, and this is not in dispute despite reflectance of the vessel and its relative isolation from ground. However, since voltage is sourced from ground the temperature difference has inductance, so conductance supports the difference and the vessel therefore acquires insulance. While in operation the circuits continually draw heat away from the vessel and the thermal difference substitutes for equilibrium, though in reality it is the result of a net force. What is sometimes erroneously attributed to the standard Peltier cell, that being a thermal inversion, is herein disclosed.

The analogy with Heron's fountain falters because the system potentially returns to its original state, so it cannot therefore constitute a defining mechanism but merely a guide or map to a clearer picture of the novel step by way of analogy with another more familiar system, which does admittedly run the risk of multiplying confusion rather than offering clarification.

Taking a step back, as the vessel and the helix approach thermal equilibrium so then obviously, taken in isolation, there can no longer be thermal diffusion, but there is electric potential so there is 'thermal capacity' and conductance out of equilibrium at a point which is feasibly designated thermal equilibrium, and this due not only to equilibrium of the vessel and the helix but also of the vessel and helix with ambient temperature. At all stages there is greater heat capacity and conductance of the helix and so equilibrium cannot be reached to arrest thermal diffusion, neither due to putative 'circuit ground' nor to 'earth ground'.

As there is conductance the expected frequency dilation of the source with dropping temperature, and the supposed adverse effect on diffusivity do not arise. Ices forming in the vessel float and crystals grow down through the centre.

However, since diffusivity is adversely affected by thermal equilibrium, so towards temperature inversion, which substitutes for equilibrium, there has to be reduced voltage. A realistic potential difference from ground is thus expected to be greater than the inverse of the first order temperature over ambient temperatures. Therefore, the breakdown diode is rated for 2/3rds, thus if ambient temperature is 20°C and the heat source is 100°C (to begin with), the inverse is -80°C, so the diode is rated for the equivalent in voltages of 60' above -80', making -20' the predicted target for maximum persistent voltage in the region of 40V, obviously only a rough estimate. The potential is half that of the initial start up potential of 80Volts, however the difference suffices to conduct current to ground.

As an aside, consider, the system may be made arbitrarily small, providing it is in proportion. In conventional terms this obviously means it would all be over quite suddenly were it not for a secondary voltage source.

The Zener diode is rated for 40V potential difference. Neutral ground maintains the positive charge of the capacitor. If the potential drops below 40V (due perhaps to fluctuating ground temperature) the diode opens the circuit again. Without a path to ground for current, the circuit experiences a voltage drop. Parallel inductors discharge the equivalent of the voltage drop which amplifies the current (charges C3) and closes the circuit.

The inductors recharge despite the moment being irretrievable. Generally, voltage potential is greater than the circuit capacity without the parallel inductors so these components manage the additional voltage, which can be thought of as 'increasing', by magnetizing and demagnetizing via parallel assistive inductance, resulting in their ferrimagnetic biases having readiness in maintaining expected fluctuation in the potential difference from ground. Positive charge is maintained at C3 and current accesses ground through the relative negative voltage potential of neutral ground.

Due to the inductors storing energy a voltage drop is experienced by the circuits. At some rate of induction, and precluding ground insulance, a voltage drop induces potential voltage, via the inductors, which amplifies current, restores voltage and therefore the inductors can lose no potential_ a completed Lamda circuit. The inductors may supply unlimited voltage, as required, and by the same token will tend to manage increasing voltage, for whatever reason. Voltage has no point of origin, which it is admitted may sound arcane and lacking full disclosure.

The rail parallel to the helix may be considered the weak link. In the first cycle it is negatively charged, as also the capacitor Cl. In the second cycle, being closer in proximity to the transformer and by inductance it must preferentially positively charge. The combined capacitance and conductance of the circuit perfectly suits it to charging and discharging C3 to circuit ground, such that, positive voltage is not sourced from ground but from the circuit itself, which fact narrows the search for Lamda.

Claims (1)

1. Claims 1/A thermoelectric generator is comprised of a solid conductive anticlockwise helix having a terminating flat plate serving as a thermocouple and consisting of square ended parallelepiped rhombohedra with Phi dimensions (Figure 1) alternately rotated 90' to form the helix (Figure 2).

   2/Eight rhombohedral geometric uni.Ts comprising a homogenous monocrystalline, anisotropic helix, as claim 1, nutate plane waves of thermal diffusion resulting in electric potential.

   3/The conversion of thermal diffusion to electric potential, as claim 2, results in persistent thermal diffusion through the helix during decreasing temperature of a heat source, resulting in an electromotive force, as claim 2, that inverts relative temperature due to being out of equilibrium, at thermal equilibria.

   4/The helix, as claim 1, is firmly coupled to a vessel containing a decanted heat source such as boiled water, by conductive planes, having an intervening graphite layer with electrical capacitance and thermal conductance.

   5/The helix, as claim 1, is coupled to a primary and secondary LCR circuit (Figure 3) which generates an alternating current at the thermocouple and capacitor (C3, Figure 3) as claim 4.

   6/Together, the electric circuit, as claim 5, the thermocouple, as claim 4, and a Zener diode to earth ground (Figure 2), result in an alternating current ground source due to thermoelectric potential difference between the vessel and ground closing an electric circuit to ground and creating a path for positive current, as claim 5, which maintains the operational voltage potential of the circuit indefinitely.

   7/ A branching circuit with a potentiometer (not depicted), drops voltage and induces voltage via inductors which amplifies current and sources positive voltage from ground, so the positive voltage drops the temperature of the vessel contents to the inverse of the boiling point over ambient thermal equilibrium, which action is delayed by volumetric heat capacity which rate limits the increasing voltage potential which is capped at the equivalent inverse temperature.