GB2586051A - A landing gear drive system - Google Patents
A landing gear drive system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2586051A GB2586051A GB1910935.4A GB201910935A GB2586051A GB 2586051 A GB2586051 A GB 2586051A GB 201910935 A GB201910935 A GB 201910935A GB 2586051 A GB2586051 A GB 2586051A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- driven gear
- drive pinion
- gear
- magnetic material
- drive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface
- B64C25/34—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface wheeled type, e.g. multi-wheeled bogies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface
- B64C25/405—Powered wheels, e.g. for taxing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H13/00—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
- F16H13/10—Means for influencing the pressure between the members
- F16H13/12—Means for influencing the pressure between the members by magnetic forces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H49/00—Other gearings
- F16H49/005—Magnetic gearings with physical contact between gears
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/80—Energy efficient operational measures, e.g. ground operations or mission management
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Gear Transmission (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
A landing gear drive system 1300 comprising a drive pinion 110 comprising a first magnetic material and a driven gear 120 comprising a second magnetic material. The drive pinion is moveable between an engaged position causing rotation of the driven gear and a disengaged position in which the drive pinion is not able to mesh with the driven gear. The magnetic materials may attract or repel each other, chosen from iron, steel, cobalt, nickel or any metallic material provided with a coil of electric wire to provide an electromagnetic material. Preferably the magnetic materials repel each other to enable natural alignment of the drive pinion and driven gear, preventing contact and bouncing off during engagement or meshing, providing effective synchronisation, minimising wear and unwanted forces. Meshing elements may be made out of magnetic material, or comprise a magnetised coating (214, 223, figure 2).
Description
A LANDING GEAR DRIVE SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention concerns a landing gear drive system for an aircraft.
More particularly, but not exclusively, this invention concerns a landing gear drive system comprising a drive pinion, drivingly connectable to a motor such that it can be driven to rotate by the motor, and a driven gear, drivingly connectable to a wheel of the landing gear such that rotation of the driven gear causes rotation of the wheel, wherein the drive pinion is moveable in relation to the driven gear between an engaged position in which the drive pinion is engaged with and meshing with the driven gear, such that rotation of the drive pinion causes rotation of the driven gear, and a disengaged position in which the drive pinion is disengaged from and not able to mesh with the driven gear.
[0002] The invention also concerns a drive pinion and/or driven gear for use as part of the landing gear drive system, a drive pinion and/or driven gear, a drive pinion and driven gear pair and a method of operating a landing gear drive system.
[0003] Various e-taxi systems have been described and proposed (for example, in W02014/023941) where a landing gear drive system (comprising a motor, a drive gear connected to the motor, and a driven gear that can be driven by the drive gear and being connected to a wheel) is used to drive one or more wheels of a landing gear of an aircraft in a forwards or backwards direction. It is important with any such system that the drive pinion and driven gear can be effectively and reliably meshed together (in an engaged position), at any appropriate speed (for example, at all speeds between 0 and 20 knots).
[0004] in particular, it is desirable to have a landing gear drive system where engagement can be achieved and is not prevented, for example, by meshing elements, such as teeth of the drive pinion and/or driven gear, contacting each other and bouncing off each other. Hydraulic pressure is used to bring the drive pinion and driven gear into meshing with each other (engaged). If there is teeth contact, for example, this generates unwelcome forces that have to be absorbed by the system and the aircraft, the forces being proportional to the hydraulic pressure. Hence, a Mw pressure is desirable. -2 -
However, this controlling of the hydraulic pressure requires a complex servo system. For example, the servo system may be required to provide low pressure at certain times (e.g. during meshing) and higher pressure at a different time (e.g. when meshed).
[0005] The present invention seeks to mitigate the above-mentioned problems.
Alternatively or additionally, the present invention seeks to provide an improved landing gear drive system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention provides, according to a first aspect, a landing gear drive system comprising a drive pinion, drivingly connectable to a motor such that it can be driven to rotate by the motor, and a driven gear, drivingly connectable to a wheel of the landing gear such that rotation of the driven gear causes rotation of the wheel, wherein the drive pinion is moveable in relation to the driven gear between an engaged position in which the drive pinion is engaged with and meshing with the driven gear, such that rotation of the drive pinion causes rotation of the driven gear, and a disengaged position in which the drive pinion is disengaged from and not able to mesh with the driven gear, and wherein the drive pinion comprises a first magnetic material and wherein the driven gear comprises a second magnetic material.
[0007] Hence, the drive pinion and driven gear are magnetically attracted to or repelled by each other. Movement of drive pinion may be provided by a hydraulic actuator. The first and second magnetic materials may be chosen from the list of iron, steel, cobalt, nickel or any metallic material provided with a coil of electric wire so as to provide an electromagnetic material.
[0008] Preferably, the first magnetic material and the second magnetic material repel each other. This would enable natural alignment of the drive pinion and driven gear so as to prevent contact (and bouncing off) during engagement/meshing of the drive pinion and driven gear. This would provide for effective synchronisation and minimise wear and the generation of unwanted forces, during meshing. -3 -
[0009] Preferably, the drive pinion comprises drive pinion meshing elements and wherein the drive pinion meshing elements comprise the first magnetic material. The meshing elements may be teeth or rollers. When the meshing elements of the drive pinion and driven gear repel each other, the meshing elements of the drive pinion would line up in the gaps in between meshing elements of the driven gear and the meshing elements of the driven gear would line up in the gaps in between meshing elements of the drive pinion.
[0010] More preferably, the drive pinion meshing elements comprise a coating of the first magnetic material on an external surface. The coating may be 1-5mm thick.
[0011] Preferably, the driven gear comprises driven gear meshing elements and wherein the driven gear meshing elements comprise the second magnetic material. The meshing elements may be teeth or rollers. When the meshing elements of the drive pinion and driven gear repel each other, the meshing elements of the drive pinion would line up in the gaps in between meshing elements of the driven gear and the meshing elements of the driven gear would line up in the gaps in between meshing elements of the drive pinion.
[0012] More preferably, the driven gear meshing elements comprise a coating of the second magnetic material on an external surface. The coating may be I -5mm thick.
[0013] Preferably, the drive pinion and driven gear comprise a roller gear and sprocket pair. The drive pinion may comprise the roller gear and the driven gear may comprise the sprocket. The roller gear may comprise a series of roller cylinders mounted on a series of pins. The roller cylinders may comprise the first or second magnetic material, or the pins may comprise the first or second magnetic material, or both the roller cylinders and pins may comprise the first or second magnetic material. It is likely advantageous for the pins to comprise the first or second magnetic material, as this would mean that the first or second magnetic material is protected from atmospheric conditions, as it would be protected by the roller cylinders.
[0014] According to a second aspect of the invention there is also provided a drive pinion and/or driven gear for use as part of the landing gear drive system as described above. -4 -
[0015] According to a third aspect of the invention there is also provided a drive pinion and/or driven gear comprising a magnetic material. The drive pinion and/or driven gear may comprise meshing elements. The meshing elements may be teeth or rollers. The drive pinion and/or driven gear may comprise a roller gear or a sprocket. The drive pinion and/or driven gear may comprise a coating of a magnetic material.
[0016] According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is also provided a drive pinion and driven gear pair, comprising a drive pinion with a first set of meshing elements and a driven gear with a corresponding second set of meshing elements, wherein the drive pinion comprises a first magnetic material and the driven gear comprises a second magnetic material, wherein the first and second magnetic materials repel each other. The meshing elements may be teeth or rollers. The drive pinion and/or driven gear may comprise a roller gear or a sprocket. The drive pinion and/or driven gear may comprise a coating of a magnetic material.
[0017] According to a fifth aspect of the invention there is also provided a method of operating a landing gear drive system, the method comprising the steps of rotating a drive pinion by a motor, moving the drive pinion into an engaged and meshed position with respect to a driven gear, thus causing the driven gear, and a wheel connected to the driven gear, to rotate, wherein the drive pinion comprises a first magnetic material and wherein the driven gear comprises a second magnetic material and wherein, during the moving of the drive pinion into an engaged and meshed position with respect to a driven gear, the first and second magnetic materials repel each other so as to assist with synchronisation of the drive pinion and driven gear.
[0018] This would enable natural alignment of the drive pinion and driven gear so as to prevent contact (and bouncing off) during engagement/meshing of the drive pinion and driven gear. This would provide for effective synchronisation and minimise wear and the generation of unwanted forces, during meshing. The meshing elements of the drive pinion would line up in the gaps in between meshing elements of the driven gear and the meshing elements of the driven gear would line up in the gaps in between meshing elements of the drive pinion. -5 -
[0019] Preferably, the drive pinion and driven gear comprise a roller gear and sprocket pair. The drive pinion may comprise the roller gear and the driven gear may comprise the sprocket. The roller gear may comprise a series of roller cylinders mounted on a series of pins. The roller cylinders may comprise the first or second magnetic material, or the pins may comprise the first or second magnetic material, or both the roller cylinders and pins may comprise the first or second magnetic material.
[0020] It will of course he appreciated that features described in relation to one aspect of the present invention may be incorporated into other aspects of the present invention. For example, the method of the invention may incorporate any of the features described with reference to the apparatus of the invention and vice versa.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings of which: [0022] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a landing gear drive system, showing a roller of a pinion roller gear during meshing with a sprocket driven gear, according to a first embodiment of the invention; [0023] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a landing gear drive system, showing a roller of a pinion roller gear during meshing with a sprocket driven gear, according to a second embodiment of the invention; [0024] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a landing gear drive system, showing a roller of a pinion roller gear during meshing with a sprocket driven gear, according to a third embodiment of the invention; and [0025] Figure 4 shows a side view of an aircraft, including two main landing gears, each main landing gear including the landing gear drive system of Figure 1. -6 -
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Figure I shows a schematic view of a landing gear drive system 1300, showing a roller I I I of a pinion roller gear I 10 during meshing with a sprocket driven gear 120, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
[0027] The roller pinion gear 110 comprises a number of rollers 111 extending around its circumference (only one shown for clarity). Each roller 111 comprises a central pin 112 with a roller cylinder 113 mounted around the pin 112 so that it rotatable about the pin.
[0028] The sprocket driven gear 120 comprises a main body 121 and a number of teeth 122 extending around its circumference (only a portion of the sprocket driven gear shown, for clarity).
[0029] Importantly, the pins 112 of the roller pinion gear 110 and the sprocket driven gear 120 are made out of iron and are magnetised to repel each other. In other words, each pin 112 of the roller pinion gear 110 is repelled by each tooth 122 of the sprocket driven gear 120.
[0030] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a landing gear drive system 2300, showing a schematic view of a roller 211 of a pinion roller gear 210 during meshing with a sprocket driven gear 220, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
[0031] The roller pinion gear 210 comprises a number of rollers 211 extending around its circumference (only one shown for clarity). Each roller 211 comprises a central pin 212 with a roller cylinder 213 mounted around the pin 212 so that it rotatable about the pin.
[0032] The sprocket driven gear 220 comprises a main body 221 and a number of teeth 222 extending around its circumference (only a portion of the sprocket driven gear shown, for clarity).
[0033] Importantly, the pins 212 of the roller pinion gear 210 are provided with a coating 214 made out of iron. Similarly, the teeth 222 of the sprocket driven gear 220 are provided with a coating 223 made out of iron. The pin coatings 214 and teeth coatings 223 are magnetised to repel each other. In other words, each pin 212 of the roller pinion -7 -gear 210 is repelled by each tooth 222 of the sprocket driven gear 220, because of coatings 214 and 223.
[0034] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a landing gear drive system 3300, showing a schematic view of a roller 311 of a pinion roller gear 310 during meshing with a sprocket driven gear 320, according to a first third of the invention.
[0035] The roller pinion gear 310 comprises a number of rollers 311 extending around its circumference (only one shown for clarity). Each roller 311 comprises a central pin 312 with a roller cylinder 313 mounted around the pin 312 so that it rotatable about the pin.
[0036] The sprocket driven gear 320 comprises a main body 321 and a number of teeth 322 extending around its circumference (only a portion of the sprocket driven gear shown, for clarity).
[0037] Importantly, the roller cylinders 313 of the roller pinion gear 310 and the sprocket driven gear 320 are made out of iron and are magnetised to repel each other. In other words, each pin 312 of the roller pinion gear 310 is repelled by each tooth 322 of the sprocket driven gear 320.
[0038] Figure 4 shows a side view of an aircraft 1000, including a nose landing gear 1100 and two main landing gears 1200 (only the left main landing gear shown). Each main landing gear includes one landing gear drive system 1300 of Figure 1.
[0039] In use, in all three embodiments, the pinion roller gear 110, 210, 310 is moved into engagement with the sprocket driven gear 120, 220, 320. As they are brought closer together, the sprocket teeth 122, 222, 322 and pinion rollers 111, 211, 311 are repelled in relation to each other, as described above, causing the pinion gear and/or sprocket gear to align so that the sprocket teeth and pinion rollers are located in the spaces between each other, so that they are able to mesh effectively. Once meshed, rotation of the pinion roller gear 110, 210, 310 causes the sprocket driven gear 120, 220, 320 to be rotated and hence, a wheel of the main landing gears 1200 to be drive to rotate and thus taxi the aircraft 1000 along the ground.
[0040] Whilst the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that -8 -the invention lends itself to many different variations not specifically illustrated herein. By way of example only, certain possible variations will now be described.
[0041] Of course, a similar aircraft may be provided where the landing gear drive system is a landing gear drive system 2300, 3300 of Figure 2 or 3.
[0042] The location of the magnetic material (iron, in the examples above) may he varied. For example, embodiments may have the magnetic material located in any of: sprocket/teeth coating or sprocket main body, combined with any of: roller cylinders, pins, pin coatings, roller cylinders and pins or roller cylinders and pin coatings.
[0043] Any suitable coating thickness may be used, for example between 1-5nun [0044] Any suitable magnetic material (or materials) may be used. For example, any of iron, steel, cobalt or nickel, and any combinations of these. In addition, one or both of the magnetic materials may be provided a metallic material provided with a coil of electric wire so as to provide an electromagnetic material.
[0045] The more magnetic material provided, the higher the repellent force between the drive pinion and driven gear. The amount of material needs to he chosen that allows effective synchronised meshing. For example, the repellent forces must not be so repellent as to prevent meshing. The amount of repellent force required needs to be taken into consideration when choosing the amount of magnetic material, the magnetic materials used and/or the power of any electromagnetic circuit.
[0046] The pinion gear may comprise a sprocket and the driven gear may comprise a roller gear. In fact, any suitable meshing elements of pinion gear and driven gear may he used. For example, both the driven gear and pinion gear may comprises a sprocket with teeth.
[0047] Not all meshing elements of the driven gear and/or pinion gear may be provided with magnetic material.
[0048] Where in the foregoing description, integers or elements are mentioned which have known, obvious or foreseeable equivalents, then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. Reference should be made to the claims for determining the true scope of the present invention, which should he construed so as to encompass any such equivalents. It will also be appreciated by the reader that integers or -9 -features of the invention that are described as preferable, advantageous, convenient or the like are optional and do not limit the scope of the independent claims. Moreover, it is to be understood that such optional integers or features, whilst of possible benefit in some embodiments of the invention, may not be desirable, and may therefore be absent, in other embodiments.
[0049] It should he noted that throughout this specification, "or" should be interpreted as "and/or".
Claims (11)
- -10 -CLAIMSI. A landing gear drive system comprising: 0 a drive pinion, drivingly connectable to a motor such that it can be driven to rotate by the motor, and ii) a driven gear, drivingly connectable to a wheel of the landing gear such that rotation of the driven gear causes rotation of the wheel, wherein the drive pinion is moveable in relation to the driven gear between: - an engaged position in which the drive pinion is engaged with and meshing with the driven gear, such that rotation of the drive pinion causes rotation of the driven gear, and - a disengaged position in which the drive pinion is disengaged from and not able to mesh with the driven gear, and wherein the drive pinion comprises a first magnetic material and wherein the driven gear comprises a second magnetic material.
- 2. A landing gear drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first magnetic material and the second magnetic material repel each other.
- 3. A landing gear drive system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the drive pinion comprises drive pinion meshing elements and wherein the drive pinion meshing elements comprise the first magnetic material.
- 4. A landing gear drive system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drive pinion meshing elements comprise a coating of the first magnetic material on an external surface.
- 5. A landing gear drive system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the driven gear comprises driven gear meshing elements and wherein the driven gear meshing elements comprise the second magnetic material.
- 6. A landing gear drive system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the driven gear meshing elements comprise a coating of the second magnetic material on an external surface.
- 7. A landing gear drive system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the drive pinion and driven gear comprise a roller gear and sprocket pair.
- 8. A drive pinion and/or driven gear for use as part of the landing gear drive system of any preceding claim.
- 9. A drive pinion and/or driven gear comprising a magnetic material.
- 10. A drive pinion and driven gear pair, comprising a drive pillion with a first set of meshing elements and a driven gear with a corresponding second set of meshing elements, wherein the drive pinion comprises a first magnetic material and the driven gear comprises a second magnetic material, wherein the first and second magnetic materials repel each other.
- 11. A method of operating a landing gear drive system, the method comprising the steps of: i) rotating a drive pinion by a motor, ii) moving the drive pinion into an engaged and meshed position with respect to a driven gear, thus causing the driven gear, and a wheel connected to the driven gear, to rotate, wherein the drive pinion comprises a first magnetic material and wherein the driven gear comprises a second magnetic material and wherein, during step ii), the first and second -12 -magnetic materials repel each other so as to assist with synchronisation of the drive pinion and driven gear.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1910935.4A GB2586051A (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | A landing gear drive system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1910935.4A GB2586051A (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | A landing gear drive system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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GB201910935D0 GB201910935D0 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
GB2586051A true GB2586051A (en) | 2021-02-03 |
Family
ID=67990365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1910935.4A Pending GB2586051A (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | A landing gear drive system |
Country Status (1)
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GB (1) | GB2586051A (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0198762A (en) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-04-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Motor with gear |
DE4428999A1 (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-22 | Inst Maschinenelemente Uni Stu | Sets of components e.g. gearwheels, coupling sleeves, coupling plates, etc. |
JP2004156788A (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2004-06-03 | Hitachi Unisia Automotive Ltd | Gear transmission |
CN104633045A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Magnetic nickel base alloy coating gear |
US20160221669A1 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2016-08-04 | Airbus Operations Limited | Drive system for landing gear |
JP2019027499A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Gear structure |
-
2019
- 2019-07-31 GB GB1910935.4A patent/GB2586051A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0198762A (en) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-04-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Motor with gear |
DE4428999A1 (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-22 | Inst Maschinenelemente Uni Stu | Sets of components e.g. gearwheels, coupling sleeves, coupling plates, etc. |
JP2004156788A (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2004-06-03 | Hitachi Unisia Automotive Ltd | Gear transmission |
US20160221669A1 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2016-08-04 | Airbus Operations Limited | Drive system for landing gear |
CN104633045A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Magnetic nickel base alloy coating gear |
JP2019027499A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Gear structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201910935D0 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
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