GB2583779A - Compositions - Google Patents
Compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2583779A GB2583779A GB1908396.3A GB201908396A GB2583779A GB 2583779 A GB2583779 A GB 2583779A GB 201908396 A GB201908396 A GB 201908396A GB 2583779 A GB2583779 A GB 2583779A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bioproduct
- concrete
- biocement
- healing
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000863430 Shewanella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000186063 Arthrobacter Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000187654 Nocardia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000187708 Micromonospora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 241001223867 Shewanella oneidensis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000588722 Escherichia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 residue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007726 Pritchardia pacifica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008316 Sacciolepis indica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004519 Sagittaria trifolia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000631389 Shewanella aestuarii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001457452 Shewanella algicola Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000865982 Shewanella amazonensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001441009 Shewanella denitrificans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000097945 Shewanella dokdonensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000416348 Shewanella glacialipiscicola Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000863431 Shewanella hanedai Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000726083 Shewanella irciniae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001556601 Shewanella kaireitica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001133631 Shewanella loihica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000271153 Shewanella marina Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001223866 Shewanella pealeana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000625311 Shewanella piezotolerans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001364806 Shewanella profunda Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001408580 Shewanella sairae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001607070 Shewanella seohaensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001556612 Shewanella surugensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000865165 Shewanella violacea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006021 Solidago canadensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000012501 'Shewanella arctica' Qoura et al. 2014 Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001063665 Schlerochilus oshoroensis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000416358 Shewanella algidipiscicola Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000020144 Shewanella aquimarina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000548265 Shewanella chilikensis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000811104 Shewanella corallii Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001388028 Shewanella decolorationis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000557283 Shewanella gelidimarina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001460042 Shewanella hafniensis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000630274 Shewanella inventionis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000461661 Shewanella mangrovi Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001408546 Shewanella marinintestina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000947863 Shewanella olleyana Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000285037 Shewanella psychrophila Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000863432 Shewanella putrefaciens Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000409585 Shewanella sediminis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000696156 Shewanella spongiae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000263759 Shewanella upenei Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001570364 Shewanella waksmanii Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000328850 Shewanella xiamenensis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001135750 Geobacter Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000588881 Chromobacterium Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000588756 Raoultella terrigena Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229960005191 ferric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007195 tryptone soya broth Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001538194 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004666 bacterial spore Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012867 bioactive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 101100257127 Caenorhabditis elegans sma-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004770 Eucalyptus longicornis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000193804 Planococcus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001236842 Shewanella abyssi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001518135 Shewanella algae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001500059 Shewanella basaltis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000157889 Shewanella benthica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000688725 Shewanella donghaensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000720272 Shewanella fidelis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000482805 Shewanella fodinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000557287 Shewanella frigidimarina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001228148 Shewanella gelidii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000409584 Shewanella halifaxensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001460044 Shewanella morhuae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000741852 Shewanella vesiculosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000107801 Shewanellaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186547 Sporosarcina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193395 Sporosarcina pasteurii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000550 effect on aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003863 physical function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008261 resistance mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001974 tryptic soy broth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010050327 trypticase-soy broth Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003604 ureolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0001—Living organisms, e.g. microorganisms, or enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/61—Corrosion inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/26—Corrosion of reinforcement resistance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A bioproduct is disclosed which comprises at least one strain of Shewanella, also disclosed are biocement compositions comprising the bioproduct, methods of their manufacture, bioconcrete compositions comprising the biocement and methods of their manufacture, where the bioproduct, biocement and bioconcrete compositions and products, are used especially in the control, prevention or repair of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. The bioproduct may further comprise other bacteria such as Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Arthrobacter, Chromobacterium, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Geobacter, Raoultella terrigena, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
Description
COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to a bioproduct, biocement compositions comprising the bioproduct, methods of their manufacture, bioconcrete compositions comprising the biocement and methods of their manufacture, the invention also includes methods of, and uses for, the bioproduct, biocernent and bioconcrete compositions and products, especially but not exclusively: in the control, prevention or repair of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures.
BACKGROUND
Cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces grout and mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete.
Concrete is one of the most used construction materials worldwide as it is strong and relatively cheap. Current design for durability is through prescriptive guidance and includes factors such as the disposition of reinforcement to control cracking and crack widths, thickness of concrete cover to reinforcement, quality of concrete and management of water.
However, concrete is subjected to a number of degradation processes which hamper the structure to reach its required service life. Problems caused by the corrosion of reinforcement in deteriorating concrete structures are widely encountered and are recognized as a major limitation upon the durability of many existing structures. The primary reason for premature corrosion is crack formation in the concrete cover. Larger cracks as well as a network of finer cracks allow water, oxygen, chloride, and other aggressive corroding substances to penetrate the concrete matrix to reach the reinforcement. Other forms of deterioration due to processes such as frost action and alkali-silica reaction are less widespread in their occurrence, but no less significant in their effects. Accordingly, to anticipate durability problems during the lifetime of a structure, costly measures of maintenance and repair have to be undertaken.
It is known from the prior art to use natural, biological material such as bacteria as an additive to concrete to produce a "bioconcrete". For example, a number of Bacillus, Pseuclornonas and Ureolytic strains have shown promise in sequestration and capture of CO2 and in reducing or eliminating CO2 emissions from buildings in addition to accelerating the precipitation process of calcium carbonate [CaCO2] in concrete pores. Typically, when incorporated into mixtures these bacteria are encapsulated. US 8,460,458 also describes encapsulated bacterial spores of Bacillus pseudotinnus or Sporosarcina pasteurii and/or organic compounds loaded onto porous particles in a process to decrease permeability of cracked concrete. The porous particles are activated by the addition of water. Furthermore, it is known from US 9,676,673 to use bacteria that can form a phosphate or a carbonate precipitate in an alkaline medium such as those from the genera Planococcus, Bacillus and Sporosarcina in a liquid bilayer that can be coated onto concrete thereby forming a gel that acts as a crack filler. However, there are disadvantages associated with the microbial treatment of construction materials with microbially induced calcium-carbonate precipitation [MICP] for example, high cost of bacteria culture media or enzyme preparations; toxicity of compounds from the metabolism of bacteria, namely products resulting from the hydrolysis of urea in MICP processes and life-time of calcite crystals.
Metal chelating agents are produced by a variety of microorganisms, including 15 Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Arthrobacter, Chromobacterium, Pseudomonas. Escherichia coil, Salmonella typhimuriurn, Geobacter, Shewaneila and some nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Klebsiella pneurnoniae and Klebsiella terrigena.
Shewanella is the sole genus included in the marine bacteria family Shewanellaceae and are found in extreme aquatic habitats where the temperature is very IOW and the pressure is very high. Shewanella are heterotrophic facultative anaerobes. This means that, in the absence of oxygen, members of this genus possess capabilities allowing the use of a variety of other electron acceptors for respiration, for example thiosulfate, sulfite, elemental sulfur, fumarate, nitrate, nitrite and arsenic in addition to a wide range of metal species, including manganese, chromium, uranium and iron. The metal-reducing capabilities of Shewanella can potentially be applied to bioremediation of metal-contaminated groundwater, its ability to decrease toxicity of various substances has hitherto made Shewanella a useful tool in bioremediation. Some other examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coil, Salmonella and Llsteria spp.
Cement and concrete compositions leading to self-healing construction ma ials with higher strength and durability, thus increasing reinforced concrete life would offer mediate benefit to the industry.
There is a need to provide cement and concrete compositions with self-healing behaviour for controlling corrosion reactions in concrete and a product for the repair of existing reinforced concrete.
BRIEF SUMMARY ARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a bioproduct comprisine Shewanella for use in preventing and/or repairing corrosion in concrete.
Preferably, the Shewanella is selected from the group comprising S. abyssi, S. aestuarii, S. algae, S. algicola, S. algidipiscicoia, S. amazonensis, S. aquimarine, S erotica, S. atiantica, S. baitica, S. basaltis, S. benthica, S. canadensis, S. chiiikensis, S. co/well/ens, S. corailli, S. deco/orationis, S. denitrificans, S. dokdonensis, S. donghaensis, S. fidelis, S. fodinae, S. frigidimarina, S. geetbuli, S. geiidimarina, S. glacialipiscicola, S. gelidii, S. ha fniensis, S. halifaxensis, S. halitois, S. hanedai, S. indica, S. invention's, S. irciniae, S. japonica, S. kaireitica, S. litorisecliminis, S. fiyingstonensis, S. loihica, S. inangroyi, S. marina, S. marinintestine, S. inarisfiayi, S. morhuae, S. oileyana, S. oneidensis, S. oshomensis, S. piezoloierans, S. pacifica, S. pealeana, S. piezotolerans, S. pneumatophor, S. profunda, S. psychrophiia, S. putrefaciene, S. sairae, S. schegeliana, S. sedirninis, S. seohaensis, S. sporeglae, S. surugensis, S. upenel, S. vesiculosa, S. violacea, S. vvaksmanii, S. woody/ and S. xiarnenensis.
Preferably, the bioproduct comprises at least one strain of Shewanella and at least one other bacteria species/strain that is non-pathogenic or substantially non-pathogenic. Preferably, the at least one other bacteria species/strain is selected from the group comprising Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Arthrobacter, Chromobacterium, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coif, Salmonella typhimurium, Geobacter, Raouitelia terrigena, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coil and Salmonella or any other substantially non-pathogenic species/strain of bacteria.
Preferably the at least one strain of Shewanella is S. oneidensis.
Preferably, the bioproduct is fluidic and is form of a liquid, solution, powder residue, granule, particulate, pellet, microsphere or the like.
Preferably, the bacteria of the bioproduct are uncapsulated.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a biocement, having mixed or embedded therein, a bioproduct comprising Shewanella, the cement being for use in preventing and/or repairing corrosion in concrete.
According to a yet further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing the biocement of the present invention, the method comprising providing a cement base including mixed or embedded therein, a proportion of biproduct the bioproduct comprising at least one strain of a Shewanella bacterium, the bacterium being added when in its dormant state.
According to a yet further aspect of the invention there is provided a self-healing bioconcrete comprising: cement having mixed or embedded therein, a bioproduct comprising at least one strain of Shewanella; CIO water; and (iii) an aggregate of sand and/or aggregate.
Preferably, the bioconcrete comprises iron in the form of rods, bars, rehars, mesh, filings or powder.
In one particular embodiment of the invention the self-healing biococrete comprises the following components: * 0.10 to 0.16 % / m3 of normal Portland cement CEMI 52.5 N; * 0.01 to 0.10 % / m3 of ground granulated blast furnace slag [GGBS]; * 0.35 to 0.40 % / rri3 of course aggregate 20mrn; * 0.24 to 0.35 c)/C) / M3 of course aggregate 10mm; * 0.13 to 0.15 % / m3 of limestone sand; * 0.0001 to 0.0015 %,/ m3 of a bioproduct containing at east one Shewanella strain of bacteria. 30 Optionally, the bioconcrete additionally comprises a superplacticizer in the region of up to 0.002 % / m3 of a superplasticizer.
It will he appreciated that preferred features ascribed to one aspect of the invention applies mutatis mutandis to each and every aspect of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention are further described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which: Figure 1 shows Pourbaix diagram for Fe-H20 at 25 °C hatch area shows the pH and potential region of steel in concrete [https://doi.orgli 0.1016/B978-1-78242-381-2.00002-X] Figure 2 shows a bar chart of compressive strength (MPa) for concrete type CEMI and CEMIII with and without bioproduct, tested at 28 days.
Figure 3 shows water absorption (Kg/m2) via capillary for concrete types concrete type CEMI and CEMIII with and without bioproduct, tested at 28 days and for 2 weeks.
Figure 4 shows water absorption (Kg/m2) via capillary for concrete types concrete type CEMI and CEMIII with and without bioproduct, tested at 28 days and during the first day.
Figure 5 shows non-steady state migration coefficient (x 10-12 m2/s) for concrete types concrete type CEMI and CEMIII with and without bioproduct during the first 200 days.
Figure 6 shows the ratio of non-steaoy state migration coefficient for concrete types concrete type CEMI and C EMIR with and without bioproduct, in comparison to reference one (CEMI and CEMIll at 28 days).
Figure 7 shows analysis of the microstructure via scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 28 days for CEMIII without bioproduct (Figure TA) and for CEMili with bioproduct (Figure TB).
Figure 8 shows surface electrical resistivity (k0 cm) of hardened concrete samples CEMli I with and without self-healing behaviour (Figure 8A) and CEMI with and without self-healina behaviour (Figure 8B), tested from 28 days until 115 days.
Figure 9 shows superficial electrical resistivity ((0 cm) in a propagation test measured during electrical current injection in the rebars to accelerate corrosion for concrete types concrete type CEMI arid CEMIll with arid without bioproduct.
Figure 10 shows cement after the propagation test, Figure 10A shows CEMI without bioproduct. Figure 10B shows CEMI with bioproduct, Figure 10C shows CEMI II with bioproduct and Figure 10D shows CEMII I with bioproduct
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference herein to a "fluid" or "fluidic" is intended to encompass any substance or material that possess the capability to flow easily and includes liquids, solutions, powders, residues, gels, granules, particulates, pellets, microspheres and the like.
Reference herein to "bioactive" is intended to encompass any substance that is capable of eliciting a biological effect. Reference herein to a "bioproduct" refers to any substance of matter that comprises bioactive agent(s) in particular, bioactive agents(s) that is/are capable of reducing iron (III) oxide [Fe2O3] by iron oxide precipitation (MIIP).
The bioproduct of the present invention comprises "bacterial material" and may also refer to a combination of bacterial materials, such as a combination of two or more of the bacterium, a lyophilized bacterium and the bacterial spore of the bacterium. The term "bacterial material" may alternatively or in addition also refer to a combination of two or more different types of bacteria, such as two or more Shevvanella and other bacteria that are capable of reducing iron (III) oxide [Fe203] by iron oxide precipitation (MIIP), such as and without limitation Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micrornonospora, Arthrobacter, Chromobactedum, P.seudomonas, Escherichia coil, Salmonella typhimurium, Geobacter and Raoultella terrigena.
Reference herein to a "biocement" refers to fluidic cement, mortar or grout that includes the bioproduct of the present invention and is capable of reducing iron (I 1 I) oxide [Fe203] by iron oxide precipitation (MIIP).
Reference herein to a "bioconcrete" refers to a self-healing hardened material suitable for use in the construction industry and comprising aggregates bonded together by biocement and water.
Reference herein to "dormant" or "dormancy" refers to the bacterial material being in a state of having normal physical functions suspended or slowed down for a period of time; in or as if in a deep sleep.
Reference herein to "self-healing" bioconcretes are concretes that are capable of repairing microcracks arid cracks by themselves by virtue of the bioproduct comprising bacterial material embedded therein.
The terms "inhibiting" and "preventing" are used interchangeably and are intended to mean that corrosion of reinforced concrete can be thwarted completely or the rate of corrosion retarded or further corrosion inhibited.
This present invention relates generally to cement compositions including the bioproduct and processes for producing the same, and more particularly cement including bioproduct for controlling corrosion reaction in concrete which includes the cement as a component.
Concrete is a conglomerate of aggregate (such as gravel; sand, and/or crushed stone), water, and hydraulic cement (such as Portland cement), as well as other components and/or additives. Concrete is generally fluidic when it is first made, enabling it to be poured or placed into shapes, and then later hardens; and is never again fluidic.
Steel reinforcement embedded in concrete is inherently protected against corrosion by passivation of the steel surface due to the high alkalinity of the concrete. However, aggressive microenvironment with chlorides increases the risk of corrosion. As concrete may suffer from degradation, such as crack formation, we may consider at least two distinct approaches to prevent and/or repair the concrete: (i) development of self-healing concrete for newly build structures, (ii) and the development of repair systems to increase the durability of existing aged concrete elements (such as concrete structures such as bridges, parking decks, etc.).
The compositions of the present invention offer a more economic and environmentally friendly approach to the production of cement and self-healing concrete and a biofilm that includes non-encapsulated iron reducing bacteria, such as non-encapsulated Shewanella oneklansis cells. The compositions and products of the present invention can provide a resistance mechanism to reinforced steel corrosion. The use of iron containing waste in cement and concrete production can provide a substrate for the growth of the bacteria which precipitate iron oxide (MIIP) and acts to strengthen the concrete.
In the present invention, iron-respiring bacteria and iron oxide materials, are mixed with CEMI to form cement, which enables the cement thus produced to inhibit corrosion reaction in concrete, grout and mortars made with the cement.
According to some references (Abboud et al Applied and Environmental Biology, 2005, 71,811-816; Ghosh et al Indian Journal Experimental Biology, 2006, 44, 336-339; Kouzuma et al Front Microbiology, 16 June 2015 https://doi.oro/10.3389ifmicb.2015.0060;) the optimum pH of the growth medium for S. oneidensis is around 7.5. Concrete that is not exposed to any external influences usually exhibits a pH between 12.5 and 13.5 As shown in the Pourbaix diagram (Figure 1), which defines the range of electrochemical potential and pH for the Fe-H20 system in an alkaline environment, at potentials and pHs normally found within the concrete, a protective passive layer forms on the surface of steel. Results show that our concrete samples present a pH around 10-11 because they are exposed to corrosion. Accordingly, it is surprising that despite the pH of the concretes of the present invention being considered as not within a suitable pH range as a growth medium for bacteria our results contradict this as illustrated in the Examples hereinafter.
There is a limited understanding of self-healing concretes exposed to chlorides from sea water (XS1 areas exposed to airborne salt but not in direct contact with sea water; XS2 --permanently submerged; XS3 -tidal splash and spray zones) regarding their durability. Durability assessment of concrete is crucial to understand the expected service life of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. Therefore, microbiology skills for the development of self-healing concretes are combined with corrosion analysis skills in the initiation and propagation stages of corrosion. To test the efficiency of the self-healing tests were developed for the following properties: compressive strength, water absorption, chloride migration tests, resistivity analysis, corrosion velocity tests during the propagation stage (where steel rebars inside the concrete are exposed directly to corrosion), half-cell potential, growing bacteria evolution analysis and SEM.
Preliminary research conducted using iron-respiring bacteria (Shewenella oneidensis), is grown in tryptone soya broth (TSB) to achieve a high concentration of colony forming unit/ml (2.30E+08 cfuiml). The bioproduct is stored in the fridge for at least 5 days to induce dormancy. The bioproduct is then added to the concrete mixture at a concentration of bioproducti binder--2.07%.
Survival of bacteria colonies were analysed for an increase bioproduct/binder ratio in concretes produced with CEM 1 and CEM III/A based materials, the curing process and the concrete composition adopted were the suitable for an environmental exposure classes XS2 (Permanently submerged elements) used in reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. The results show that there is an improvement of mechanical properties associate with service life of concrete. A decrease in the open porosity was observed and a 40% decrease in the water absorption by capillary for CEMIII/A concrete with bioproduct in comparison to Ordinary Portland Concrete made with CEMI, for a bioproduct/ cement ratio tested up to 2.07%. The chloride migration coefficient reduces 30% for CEMIII/A with bioproduct and 25% for CEMI with bioproduct. This highlights the potential of microbially induced iron-oxide precipitation to work as a corrosion inhibitor, by increasing RC service life. The development of this bioproduct is not energy intensive, which is an advantage in comparison with the existing inorganic inhibitors, which have a huge environmental impact because they contain heavy metals. The compositions of the present invention highlight the potential of microbially induced iron-oxide precipitation (MIIP), to work as a corrosion inhibitor, thereby increasing RC service life. The present invention takes advantage of iron oxide and MIIP leading to self-healing bioconcretes with higher strength and durability.
EXAMPLE 1
The concrete compositions of the present invention generally include cement, aggregate, and water. The cement is present in the fluid concrete mixture in an amount between about 5% to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the concrete mixture. Aggregates can include, but are not limited to, natural and crushed quarried aggregate, sand, recycled concrete aggregate; blended agro-industry ashes, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof Aggregate is present in the fluid concrete mixture in an amount around 50% by weight; based on the total weight of the concrete mixture.
The fluid concrete mixture also includes water, in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture The fluid concrete mixture also can include other materials as known in the art for imparting various properties to concrete, including, but not limited to, air--entraining admixtures, water reducing admixtures, accelerating admixtures, pozzolans, such as, but not limited to, fly ash; metakaolin, and silica fume, and the like. These agents can be present in conventional amounts.
Although reference has been made to the components of concrete, it will be appreciated that the present invention also includes mortar compositions, which generally are similar in composition to concrete, except that mortar is typically made with sand as the sole aggregate, in contrast to concrete which includes larger aggregates. Sand in this sense is aggregate of 3/8 inch and smaller diameter.
The present vention will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
The present application describes a concrete comprising, by mass per cubic meter of concrete, the following components: * 180 to 450 kg / m3 of normal Portland cement CEMII 52.5 N; O 0 to 300 kg / rn3 of ground granulated blast furnace slag [GGBS]; ® 700 to 1000 kg / m3 of course aggregate 20mm; * 600 to 700 kg el rn3 of course aggregate 10mm; * 250 to 400 kg / m3 of limestone sand; * 0 to 4.5 kg I M3 of a superplasticizer; ® 0.1 to 4 kg / m3 of a bioproduct containing iron-respiring bacteria These' alues equate to the percentages quoted hereinbefore.
EXAMPLE 2
Preliminary research was conducted with S. oneidensis strain MR-1 (ATCC 700550), from which the bioproduct of the present invention is based. This bacterium is Biosafety Level 1, environmentally innocuous, and rarely pathogenic.
Initially, 0.1rnl of bacterial culture was taken in a sealed vial and diluted by adding 9.9m1 of sterilized growth media named maximum recovery diluent (MRD). From this diluted cell culture, 10 times dilution was made, then from each diluted flask; 100plwas taken by pipette and spread on agar plates by using spreader under the biologically safety cabinet. The plates were then placed in a laboratory static incubator at 30°C for 24 hours. The concentration of viable microbial organism (S. oneidensis MR-1) was assessed from an agar plate, and thus, the concentration was 2.3x106 Colony Forming Unit per ml (cfulml), of bioproduct produced meaning a colony final concentration between 104 and 105 (cfu/ml) in the concrete. Agar plates were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions prior to sterilisation at 121° C for 15 minutes.
Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) is the nutritious medium used to support the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms, especially common aerobic. The liquid medium recommended for use in qualitative procedures for isolation and cultivation of a wide variety of microorganisms.
Hence, the medium was prepared according to manufactu instructions prior to sterilisation at 121° C for 15 minutes.
Regarding the sub-culturing and growth conditions of S. oneidensis, initially, the colonies were collected from the incubated plates for the serial dilution of original S, oneidensis strain culture (0.1in1) and kept in sealed vials containing sterile 9.9 ml MR D. Through carrying that process, very high concentrated S. oneiciensi inoculurn was achieved and stored in the freezer. The bacteria were defrosted when they were required for cultivation in order to be mixed with concrete.
The cells of S. oneidensis were grown from high concentrated inoculum once again. A 500m1 of TSB sterilized in four conical flasks each one was containing 125m1, then 400p1 of high concentrated S. oneidensis inoculum were added to individual flasks by pipette. Then the flasks were incubated for three days at 300C, at 150rpm. Through the serial dilution, the growth measurement of the new culture was checked and the concentration measured was 1.7 x106 cfulmi. Therefore, the new culture was found to be more concentrated than the original culture.
Additionally, the second 500m1 of S. oneidensis cells were grown again from the same inoculum as described above. More concentrated S. oneidensis cells were obtained (8 x109). Another 500m1 of S. oneidensis cells were grown from different inoculum temperature 30°C and speed 200rpm. At this time, bigger flasks were placed in Benchtop Shaking incubator for almost 19 hours, from that the best concentration of S. oneidensis was achieved 1 k 101°. Therefore, to control the concentration, it is preferred to use the same procedure each time and, while the flasks are placed in the Benchtop Shaking Incubator, it is recommended to check the concentration of the bacteria by measuring the optical density.
EXAMPLE 3
road concrete, concrete takes up most of the compressive forces of the structure, while reinforcing iron bars (rebars) take up most of the tensile forces Compressive strength of concrete is one of its most important and useful properties. As a construction material, concrete is employed to resist compressive stresses, accordingly the compressive strength of various concrete types of the present invention was tested. Figure 2 shows the results obtained for concretes type CEMI (where no ground granulated blast furnace GOBS was used) and type CEMIII (where 60% of GOBS was mixed to cement type CEM I). Self-healing behaviour was provided by addition of the bioproduct and therefore, two new concrete compositions were created: CEMI + BIO and CEMIII + RIO. This nomenclature will be adhered to throughout the description of the "Examples. Figure 2 shows the average compressive strength results for concrete types CEMI and CEMIII both with and without bioproduct at 28 days. Data shows that the self-healing behaviour in concrete type CEM111+810 surprisingly enhances the compressive strength in comparison to CEMIII without the bioproduct, whereas addition of the bioproduct decreases the compressive strength of concrete made with CEMI by about 5%.
EXAMPLE 4
Water absorption via capillary for concretes CEMI, CEMI + BIG, CEMI II and CEMIII + 810 was tested at 28 days and for 2 weeks. Fiaure. 3 shows that water absorption via capillary tends to reduce by at least 25% if self-healing behaviour is introduced in concrete type CEMIII (CEMI11+1310). In contrast, the self-healing behaviour does not change the maximum water absorbed by the concrete CEMI mix. When considering the durability of reinforced concrete and the service life it may provide: the consideration of long-term water absorption and initial absorption velocity is imperative. Figure 4 shows the results of water absorption via capillary during the first 24 hrs. It is then shown that there is a decrease in the water absorption velocity if self-healing is used in CEM I and CEMli I concretes, which is associated with pores sealing.
EXAMPLE 5
The performance of concrete was quantified in terms of durability, as regards corrosion of steel reinforcement, with and without the presence of self-healing behaviour. The chloride migration coefficient for each concrete composition was determined by the NT BUILD 492 method and is a measure of the resistance of the tested material to chloride penetration.
The experimental procedure for the determination of the coefficient of migration followed the rapid non-steady state chloride test (NT Build 492, 1999), which included cylindrical specimens with 100 mm diameter and 50 mm of thickness. The specimens were subjected to 14 days of drying at 20°C and 50% of RH before being in a low pressure hermetic recipient and immersed in a solution of calcium hydroxide for vacuum treatment. Figure 5 shows chloride migration results for concrete type CEMI and CEMIII with and without bio-product during the first 200 days. A decrease in the migration rate is associated with an increase of the Reinforced Concrete (RC) service life. The previous results demonstrate that there is a reduction of the chloride migration coefficient if self-healing behaviour (BIG) is introduced in the concrete. The age effect shows that the chloride migration coefficient can reduce 30% for CEMI with BIO and 50% for CEMIII with BIO, which substantially increase the RC service life. Figure 6 shows the ratio of non-steady-state migration coefficient in comparison to the references (CEMI and CEMIII at 28 days).
EXAMPLE
Analysis of the microstructure via a SEM at 28 days for CEMIII without bioproduct (Figure 6A) and GEM III + BlO (Figure 6B) was undertaken. No precipitation was observed in the control samples. However, a clear precipitation was found on the cracks remediated in the samples containing the bacterial cells. On closer observation, it was found that the crystals were well developed especially near the surface of the crack
EXAMPLE 7
Electrical resistivity is well correlated with certain performance characteristics of concrete such as chloride diffusion coefficient, water absorption, and corrosion rate of embedded steel. The technique also shows promise as a quality assurance tool for fresh and hardened concrete. Therefore, surface electrical resistivity of hardened concrete samples was tested. Table 1 below shows the comparison of chloride penetrability levels established for standards based on electrical resistivity (AASHTOTP 95) and charged passed (ASTM C1202).
Table 1
: .. : ..
poots..0H 113:T 1202 tecttitotralisli 4 000 2,000-4.000 21-37 1,000-2,000 37-254 100-1,000 /[ 2 ¢ 10 Figure 8 shows the surface electrical resistivity of hardened concrete samples CEM Ill with and without self-healing behaviour (Figure 8A) and GEM! with and without self-healing behaviour (Figure 8B), tested from 28 days until 115 days. Results show that self-healing concrete tends to increase the electrical resistivity, contributing to a decrease of the chloride ion penetrability in the concrete, thus decreasing the corrosion risk. 120 days after concrete samples were produced, the samples were exposed to electrical current injection in the rebars to accelerate corrosion (called the "propagation test"), superficial electrical resistivity was measured during this entire test. in order to confirm that corrosion is happening, the pH evolution of the concrete samples was tested from 0 days for the control samples (CEMI and CEMIII) (fresh state) until 116 days. the concrete samples pH was around 12-13, meaning that the concrete was not exposed to any external influences, which avoids corrosion. During aging, the concrete tends to reduce the pH to values between10-11. During the test with injection of electrical current in the concrete samples (termed the propagation test), the pH was monitored, showing values around 10-11 for all the samples until the end of the test, meaning that corrosion is indeed happening If none of the samples are exposed to electrical current injected in the rebars, the surface electrical resistivity of the hardened concrete samples tends to increase with time and with the introduction of self-healing behaviour in the samples. Moreover. CEMIII+810 and CEMIll are significantly better in comparison to either CEMI types as can be seen in Figure 9, Concrete surface electrical resistivity decreased for all the concretes when injected current was used in the samples. In fact, after 24h of electrical current injection, CEMI types decrease from 12 to 6 kOhm.cm and CEMIII types decreased from 70 to 35 kOhm.cm, meaning that all the compositions are more exposed to chloride ion penetrability in the concrete during the 'propagation test'. However, it is observed that the self-healing behaviour does not decrease the resistivity.
EXAMPLE 8
Electrical current was injected in the concrete samples during a 14 day period. The results (Figure 10) show that the number and size of cracks was substantially larger in concrete OEM I than in OEM III +BIO, meaning that corrosion resistance increases if self-healing behaviour is introduced in the concrete composition. Figure 10 shows images of cement types after the propagation test, Figure 10A shows CEMI without bioproduct. Figure 10B shows CEMI with bioproduct, Figure 100 shows CEMIII without bioproduct and Figure 10D shows CEMIII with bioproduct. Substantial cracks, size (0.4mm) after 11 days were observed in the concrete CEMI without the bioproduct The final diameter of the rebars inside each of the concrete samples, exposed to the 'propagation test', decreased due to corrosion. However, the decrease in CEMIII +BIO seems to be 10x lower than the decrease observed for concrete without the bioproduct and when compared with CEMI+BIO.
Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise" and "contain" and variations of them mean "including but not limited to", and they are not intended to (and do not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.
Features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (19)
- CLAIMS1. A bioproduct comprising at least one strain of Shewanella for use in preventing and/or repairing corrosion in concrete.
- 2. A bioproduct according to claim 1 wherein the Shewane//a is selected from the group comprising S abyss/, S. aestuarii, S algae, S. algicola, S. algidipiscicola, S. amazonensis, S. aquimarina, S. arctica, S atiantica, S. balfica, S basaltis, S benthica, S. canadensis, S. chilikensis, S. co/we/liana, S. corallii, S. decolorationis, S. denitrificans, S. dokdonensis, S. dongbaensis" S. fidells, S. todinae, S. frigid/marina, S. gaetbull, S. gelidimarina, S. glacialipiscicola, S. gelidit, S. hafniensis, S. hahfaxensis, S. halitois, S. hanedai, S. indica, S. inventionis, S. irciniae, S. japonica, S. kaireitica, S. litofisediminis, S. iivingstonensis, S. loihica, S. mangrovi, S. marina, S. marinintestina, S. marisfiavi, S. =Muse, S. olleyana, S. oneidensis, S. oshoroensis, S. piezotoferans, S. pacifica, S. pealeana, S. piezotolerans, S. pneumatophor, S. profunda, S. psychrophila, S. putrefaciens, S. sairae, S. soilage/lanai S. sediminis, S. seohaensis, S. spongiae, S. surugensis, S. upenei, S. vesicuiosa, S. violacea, S. waksmanii, S. woody/ and S. xiamenensis.
- 3. A bioproduct according to either claim 1 or2 wherein the at least one ain of Shewanella is S. oneidensis.
- 4. A bioproduct according to any preceding claims further comprising at least one other bacterial species/strain that is non-pathogenic or substantially non-pathogenic.
- 5. A bioproduct according to claim 4 wherein the at least one other bacteria species/strain is selected from the group comprising Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Arthrobacter, Chromobactedum, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coil, Salmonella typhimurium. Geohacter, F?aoultella terrigena, Staphylococcus spp.; Eschenchia coli and Salmonella.
- 6. A bioproduct according to any preceding claim wherein the bioproduct is fluidic and is the form of a liquid, solution, powder, residue, gel, granule, particulate, pellet, microsphere or the like.
- 7. A bioproduct according to any preceding claim wherein the Shewanelia bacteria are uncapsulated.
- 8. A bioproduct according to any preceding claims wherein the concentration of Shewanella is between 1 x 108 and 1 x 109 colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml).
- 9. A biocement, having mixed or embedded therein, a bioproduct comprising at least one Shewane/la strain, the cement being for use in preventing and/or repairing corrosion in concrete.
- 10. The biocement of claim 9 wherein the proportion of bioproduct in the biocement is in the range of 0.01 to 15% of biocement (by weight).
- 11. The biocement of either claims 9 or 10 further comprising any one or more of the features recited in claims 2 to 8.
- 12. A method of manufacturing a biocement comprising a bioproduct, the method comprising providing a cement base including mixed or embedded therein, a proportion of biproduct the bioproduct comprising at least one strain of Shevvan&Ia bacterium, the bacterium being added when in its dormant state.
- The method according to claim 12 wherein the cement is a self-healing cement.
- 14. The method according to either of claims 12 or 13 wherein proportion of bioproduct in the biocement is in the range of 0.01 to 15% of bioce,men, (by weight).
- 15, A self-healing bioconcrete comprising: (I) cement having mixed or embedded therein, a bioproduct core prising at least one strain of Shewaneita; (ii) water; and (iii) an aggregate of sand and/or aggregate.
- 16. A self-healing bioconcrete according to claim 15 comprising iron in the form of rods, bars, rebars, mesh, filings or powder.
- 17. A self-healing bioconcrete according o any either claims 15 and 16 further ncludina any one of claims 2 to 8.
- 18. A sell-healing biococrete according to any of claims 15 to 17 wherein the bioconcrete comprises the following components in the following ranges: * 0,10 to 0.16 % / m3 of normal Portland cement CEMI 52.5 N; * 0.01 to 0.10 % / m3 of ground granulated blast furnace slag [GGIBS]; ^ 0.35 to 0.40 % / rn3 of course aggregate 20mm; * 0.24 to 0.35 / m3 of course aggregate 10mm; * 0.13 to 0.15 % / rri3 of limestone sand; * 0.0001 to 0.0015 %/ m3 of a bioproduct containing at ieast one Shewanella strain of bacteria.
- 19. A self-healing bioconcrete further comprising a superplasticizer in the region of up to 0.002 %! n-13 of a superplasticizer.
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EP20728123.9A EP3966180A1 (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2020-05-06 | Biocement and self-healing bioconcrete compositions |
PCT/GB2020/051110 WO2020229797A1 (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2020-05-06 | Biocement and self-healing bioconcrete compositions |
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CN112456856A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 中交四航工程研究院有限公司 | Porous aggregate modification reinforcing agent and preparation method for concrete |
CN112851170B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-07-26 | 西交利物浦大学 | Method for strengthening recycled aggregate concrete by utilizing microbial denitrification phenomenon and recycled aggregate concrete |
CN115073050B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-05-30 | 澳门大学 | Application of bacterial alginate extracted from activated sludge in concrete |
CN118026590A (en) * | 2023-12-25 | 2024-05-14 | 江苏财江建筑工程有限公司 | Anti-cracking anti-corrosion concrete and preparation method thereof |
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EP2082999A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-29 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Healing agent in cement-based materials and structures, and process for its preparation |
US8518177B2 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2013-08-27 | Jadavpur University, West Bengal | Materials and methods for the production of green concrete |
NL2010818C2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-24 | Univ Delft Tech | Bio-based repair method for concrete. |
US20180072632A1 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-15 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Silica encapsulation of ureolytic bacteria for self-healing of cement-based composites |
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2019
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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P Ghosh et al. Use of microorganism to improve the strength of cement mortar Cement and Concrete Research 35, 1980-1983, 2005 * |
S Ghosh et al. Microbial activity on the microstructure of bacteria modified mortar Cement & Concrete Composites 31, 93-98, 2009 * |
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EP3966180A1 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
WO2020229797A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
GB201908396D0 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
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