GB2582268A - Hydrogen from deep ocean nuclear Power - Google Patents
Hydrogen from deep ocean nuclear Power Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2582268A GB2582268A GB1902985.9A GB201902985A GB2582268A GB 2582268 A GB2582268 A GB 2582268A GB 201902985 A GB201902985 A GB 201902985A GB 2582268 A GB2582268 A GB 2582268A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- dock
- pressure
- sea
- hydrogen
- vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 241001290480 Acanthus mollis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
- G21C13/024—Supporting constructions for pressure vessels or containment vessels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/4446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting nuclear energy into electric energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4473—Floating structures supporting industrial plants, such as factories, refineries, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
- B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
- B63G2008/004—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned autonomously operating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
- B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
- B63G2008/008—Docking stations for unmanned underwater vessels, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/78—Large containers for use in or under water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S376/00—Induced nuclear reactions: processes, systems, and elements
- Y10S376/912—Nuclear reactor systems situated in the ocean
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
A pressure vessel 6 (e.g. for electrolytic hydrogen production from water) is submerged in fluid (e.g. deep under water in the ocean) to reduce the pressure differential. The hydrogen and oxygen production may be powered by a nuclear reactor 7. The submerged production platform 5 including the container 6 and reactor 7 may be tethered to a docking platform 1 using cables 4, with pipes allowing the hydrogen and oxygen gases to be sent from the vessel 6 to the dock 1. Both platforms may float underwater at different depths which may be controlled using buoyancy spaces – the production platform deeper that the shallower dock. The dock may include a manifold 2 allowing connection of unmanned autonomous sea-going submersible transport vessels (submarine vehicles) 3 for transporting the hydrogen to remote sea ports, and for electrically powering and controlling the dock. The dock may also be connected to surface buoys 8.
Description
Hydrogen from Deep Ocean Nuclear Power
Description
Many industrial processes involve operations at high pressure requiring costly containment vessels to avoid dangerous explosion risks. This invention is concerned with submerging these processes in deep ocean water where the surrounding ambient pressure will minimise both the cost of the vessel and the risk of explosion.
A particular application proposed here is a nuclear power plant designed to generate hydrogen by splitting water. Typically land based commercial nuclear reactors are installed inside pressure vessels which are located inside containment buildings, but major incidents have occurred where both have failed with serious consequences.
About 50% of the Earth-S surface comprises abyssal plain where the ocean is more than 3-km deep; this is probably the safest place on Earth to operate nuclear facilities.
Splitting water into hydrogen [Hz] and oxygen [02] typically involves the application of energy in the form of heat, electricity and pressure. Various chemical and electrolytic processes are available to produce H2 and 02 which can be shipped either at high pressure or expanded and cooled for transportation in liquid form.
Figure 1 shows a submerged system for generating H2 and 02 by splitting water and includes supporting auxiliary and transportation facilities. It is configured for maximum safety and reliability and the figure shows two main submersed facilities; the Dock 1 and a Production Platform 5 which are linked together via a Tether 4.
The Production Platform 5 would be submerged at a depth so that the ambient pressure matched the process; perhaps 1-km deep at an ambient pressure of 10-MPa where water remains liquid at 300-degC. Heat energy from the Nuclear Reactor 7 together with electrical power from the Dock 1 would be used by the Water Splitter 6 to generate H2 and Oz and this would be sent to the Dock 1 via the Tether 4, though some gas [Hz or 02] will be retained on the Production Platform 5 for buoyancy proposes.
Feedwater would be supplied from the Dock 1 either from a desalination plant or brought in by a Sub 3 tanker which might also be used to transport H2 or 02 back to port. An advanced water splitting system might directly extract H2 and Oz from seawater.
The Tether 4 connects the Production Platform 5 to the Dock 1 and comprises a cluster of pipes and cables [not all shown]. This enables different functions to be undertake at different depths and pressures. The Tether 4 could be eliminated in circumstances where the Dock 1 and Production Platform 5 can function at the same depth. The components of the Tether 4 will need to be strong enough to cope with pressure differentials arising from variations in depth and also to tie the two floating structures together. Pressure reduction valves could be used to regulate the pressure at different depths and a loosely coiled spring-like Tether 4 design might be used to accommodate some movement between the two ends. p.1
The Production Platform 5 needs to be as simple and reliable as possible to minimise the risk of failure and for this reason complex sub-systems like electrical power generation, gas liquification, desalination etc. would be undertaken at the Dock 1, perhaps within a Sub 3 where they can be returned to port for maintenance and repair.
The Dock 1 in this example is submerged at a shallower depth so that feedwater and production gasses can circulate naturally without active pumping. Extracting the high pressure gasses (Hz and 02) at the Dock will induce feedwater to descend to the Production Platform 5. It should also be possible to induce primary coolant pumping to transfer heat from the Nuclear Reactor 7 to the Water Splitter 6 using an impellor system driven by the main feedwater loop, avoiding the need for active pumping within the Production Platform 5. Additional feedwater pumping could also be provided at the Dock 1, particularly during the initial start-up.
The Dock would also function as a transportation hub. The Manifold 2 would provide sea docking facilities for numerous Subs 3. These would include tankers for Hz, 02, and feedwater deliveries and other facilities that might require transportation back to port for maintenance.
The Dock 1 and connected Subs 3 would provide all the main auxiliary activities including process control, electric power generation, flotation and orientation control and communication via surface buoys 8. The Manifold 2 would support automated docking to the Tether 4 for Subs 3 and would employ solutions to connect directly to feedwater, Hz, 02, electrical power, control and communications pathways.
Flotation control would employ buoyancy spaces typically filled with retained Hz or 02 to displace water and regulate the buoyancy of each module in order to maintain position, orientation and to avoid excessive stress on the system including the Tether 4.
A Sub 3 would be an unmanned submersible subsystem having the capability to travel underwater independently between the Dock 1 and a remote destination port. In some cases its internal pressure would be matched to the ambient sea pressure to avoid the need for an expensive pressurised hull. Subs 3 would need their own power and propulsion system for transportation purposes and these could employ nuclear power to generate electrical energy and use steerable electric propulsors. While connected to the Manifold 2 these facilities could also be used to provide electrical power to the Production Platform 5 (via the Tether 4) and steerable Sub 3 propulsors could help with station keeping and orientation. At any one time there would likely be at least three Subs 3 docked at the Manifold 2. Subs 3 could transport their cargo over long distances underwater in order to manage cargo pressure differentials and avoid surface weather disruption. Navigation would require a combination of inertial guidance equipment, sonar and Buoys 8 arranged to provide communication and global positioning information. p.2
Claims (8)
- Claims 1. A means to reduce the forces acting on pressure vessels by submerging them in fluid such that the ambient fluid pressure reduces the pressure differential on the vessel.
- 2. A means to operate a process having multiple pressure vessels as described in claim 1 at different depths according to their needs and matching the pressure of each vessel to the ambient pressure.
- 3. A means to tie two or more pressure vessels as described in claims 1 and 2 together at varying depths using a tether system comprising pipes and cables employed in the process being undertaken.
- 4. A means to support pressure vessels positioned as described in claims 1 and 2 and tethered as described in claim 3 by incorporating buoyancy spaces having a lower density than the surrounding fluid in order to regulate their depth and limit forces on the tether.
- 5. A means to enable a pressure vessel as described in claim 1 to be configured as a Dock to enable process based docking connections to be made via a manifold between sea-going submersible transport vessels and the system as described in claims 1, 2, 3, and 4.
- 6. A means to provide a sea-going submersible transport vessel having the capability to autonomously convey materials between a remote sea port and the Dock described in claim 5 including the capability to manoeuvre and connect to the manifold in order transfer materials to or from the system described in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and S.
- 7. A means to provide a sea-going submersible transport vessel housing process equipment between a remote sea port and the sea-dock described in claim 5 including the capability to manoeuvre and connect to the manifold and directly participate with the processes undertaken in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
- 8. A means to provide a submerged system deep in the ocean as described in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 configured to manufacture hydrogen and oxygen using nuclear powered water splitting technology and supported by various submerged processing systems together with a transportation system to deliver materials and equipment to and from a remote port. p.3
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1902985.9A GB2582268A (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2019-03-06 | Hydrogen from deep ocean nuclear Power |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1902985.9A GB2582268A (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2019-03-06 | Hydrogen from deep ocean nuclear Power |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201902985D0 GB201902985D0 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
| GB2582268A true GB2582268A (en) | 2020-09-23 |
Family
ID=66377491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1902985.9A Withdrawn GB2582268A (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2019-03-06 | Hydrogen from deep ocean nuclear Power |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2582268A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3652431A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1972-03-28 | Julian Louis Reynolds | Method of operating an electrolysis cell for the production of gases under hydrostatic pressure |
| US4850190A (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-07-25 | Pitts Thomas H | Submerged ocean current electrical generator and method for hydrogen production |
| WO2001034973A1 (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-17 | Peter Alexander Josephus Pas | System for producing hydrogen making use of a stream of water |
| US20020154725A1 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-24 | Hayman W. Z. (Zack) | Seafloor power station |
| US20110067618A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Harry Edward Dempster | Water-Based Material Transportation System |
| US20120328069A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-12-27 | Dcns | Underwater electricity generation module |
| WO2014028952A1 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-02-27 | Brus Thomas | Deep sea store |
-
2019
- 2019-03-06 GB GB1902985.9A patent/GB2582268A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3652431A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1972-03-28 | Julian Louis Reynolds | Method of operating an electrolysis cell for the production of gases under hydrostatic pressure |
| US4850190A (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-07-25 | Pitts Thomas H | Submerged ocean current electrical generator and method for hydrogen production |
| WO2001034973A1 (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-17 | Peter Alexander Josephus Pas | System for producing hydrogen making use of a stream of water |
| US20020154725A1 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-24 | Hayman W. Z. (Zack) | Seafloor power station |
| US20110067618A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Harry Edward Dempster | Water-Based Material Transportation System |
| US20120328069A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-12-27 | Dcns | Underwater electricity generation module |
| WO2014028952A1 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-02-27 | Brus Thomas | Deep sea store |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201902985D0 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) | ||
| S20A | Reinstatement of application (sect. 20a/patents act 1977) |
Free format text: REQUEST FOR REINSTATEMENT ALLOWED Effective date: 20211011 Free format text: REQUEST FOR REINSTATEMENT FILED Effective date: 20210921 |
|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |