GB2580659A - Heated fluid control system - Google Patents
Heated fluid control system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2580659A GB2580659A GB1900809.3A GB201900809A GB2580659A GB 2580659 A GB2580659 A GB 2580659A GB 201900809 A GB201900809 A GB 201900809A GB 2580659 A GB2580659 A GB 2580659A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- control system
- fluid outlet
- controller
- heated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005055 memory storage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0089—Additional heating means, e.g. electric heated buffer tanks or electric continuous flow heaters, located close to the consumer, e.g. directly before the water taps in bathrooms, in domestic hot water lines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
- F24D17/0031—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means with accumulation of the heated water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
A heated fluid control system for controlling the operation of a fluid heater 20 coupled to one or more fluid outlets 60 via an associated length of piping 80 having a predetermined volume. The control system comprising: one or more sensors 22 associated with a respective fluid outlet and a controller 30 to control the operation of the fluid heater in response to receiving a signal from one of the sensors indicating operation of the associated fluid outlet. The controller causes the fluid heater to supply heated fluid for a predetermined period of time based on the volume of the associated length of piping e.g. to deliver a volume having a predetermined energy value minus the volume of the length of piping. The heater stops prior to the end of heated water delivery to purge the piping length with unheated water. Uses energy delivery values over a number of tapping events to minimize or eliminate distribution losses caused by heated water remaining in pipes.
Description
Heated Fluid Control System As individuals become more aware of their personal energy consumption there is an increasing desire to reduce this energy consumption. One area to which this desire extends is an increasing awareness of the energy usage and efficiency within domestic dwellings.
One area of energy usage and efficiency under consideration is the efficiency of hot water production within the domestic dwelling. An aspect of the efficiency of a domestic hot water supply system is the extent of the distribution losses within the system. In essence, the distribution losses are made up by the volume of water within the distribution piping between the hot water boiler and a tap. This volume of water would have been heated as a result of a previous requirement for hot water delivery, such as running a tap, but when the tap is switched off the heated water remains in the pipework and subsequently cools. The distribution losses have been determined to make up approximately 15% of the total hot water energy demand.
It would therefore be beneficial to control the operation of the hot water heating system in a manner that reduces the distribution losses.
Summary of the Invention
According to first embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a heated fluid control system for controlling the operation of a fluid heater, the fluid heater being coupled to one or more fluid outlets, each fluid outlet being coupled to the fluid heater via an associated length of piping having a predetermined volume, the heated fluid control system comprising one or more sensors, each sensor being associated with a respective fluid outlet, and a controller configured to control the operation of the fluid heater, wherein in response to receiving a signal from one or more of the sensors indicating operation of the associated fluid outlet, the controller causes the fluid heater to supply heated fluid for a predetermined period of time based on the volume of the associated length of piping.
The predetermined period of time may equal the time required to deliver a volume of heated fluid having a predetermined energy value minus the volume of the associated length of piping.
This results in a reduction in distribution losses since the fluid heater ceases operation before the full volume of heated fluid is delivered to the fluid outlet, yet heated fluid continues to be provided at the fluid outlet up to a volume equal to the volume of the associated piping as the already heated fluid within the piping is 'purged' by non-heated fluid.
Additionally, the controller may include a memory storage device and the predetermined energy value for each fluid outlet is stored in the memory device.
The predetermined energy value for a fluid outlet may be dependent on the time of day.
The controller may be configured to modify the predetermined energy value for a fluid outlet based on a previous average use pattern of the fluid outlet.
At least one sensor may be configured to detect the flow rate of fluid from the associated fluid outlet and provide signal to the controller indicating the flow rate, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the predetermined period of time for the supply of heated fluid based on the indicated flow rate.
Additionally or alternatively, at least one sensor may be configured to detect the temperature of fluid from the associated fluid outlet and provide a signal to the controller indicating the temperature, wherein the controller is configured to allow the supply of fluid from the fluid heater until a predetermined minimum temperature is reached at the fluid outlet prior to commencing the fluid supply for the predetermined period of time.
The heated fluid control system may further comprise at least one switch associated with a respective fluid outlet, wherein operation of the switch causes the controller to allow the supply of heated fluid for the duration of operation of the fluid outlet.
Each sensor may be configured to provide a signal to the controller indicating the type of fluid outlet associated with the sensor.
According to further embodiments of the present invention there is provided a domestic hot water system comprising a hot water boiler and a control system in accordance with any one of the embodiments described above, the control system arranged to control operation of the boiler.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying Figures, of which: Figure 1 schematically illustrates a domestic hot water system; and Figure 2 schematically illustrates a domestic hot water system in combination with a control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Present Invention
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a domestic hot water system according to the prior art. The hot water system includes a boiler 2 that is connected to a cold water supply 4, such as a domestic mains cold water supply. The boiler 2 which may be for example a gas or oil powered boiler is arranged to heat the incoming cold water from the cold water supply 4, provide hot water to one or more hot water outlets 6. In Figure 1 each hot water outlet 6 is indicated as a convention tap (faucet), however the fluid outlet 6 may be any hot water outlet that is required, for example a shower, a dishwasher hot water supply, a washing machine hot water supply, and so on. Additionally, where the fluid outlets 6 are domestic taps, the taps may be of different sizes with differing hot water flow rates. For example, one tap may be a hand basin tap having a relatively low hot water flow rate, another tap may be a kitchen hot water tap having a greater hot water flow rate, whilst a further fluid outlet 6 may be a bathroom bath tap having a relatively large hot water flow rate.
Each fluid outlet 6 is coupled to the boiler 2 by means of one or more lengths of hot water piping 8. In Figure 1, all of the illustrated fluid outlets 6 are coupled to a common hot water outlet of the boiler 2. However, it may be that multiple hot water outlets can be provided by the hot water boiler such that individual groups of fluid outlets 6 may be connected to different hot water outlets of the boiler 2. Each fluid outlets 6 is therefore coupled to the boiler 2 by an associated length of piping. For example, the fluid outlet labelled A in Figure 1 has an associated length of piping denoted on Figure 1 as LA, whereas the fluid outlet labelled B on Figure 1 has an associated length of piping denoted as LB.
Consider the case that tap A is located at a hand basin that is five metres from the boiler 2, that is the length of a piping LA is 5 metres. Assuming that the piping over the length LA is constructed of 22mm copper pipe, then when the tap A is turned on (assuming that the boiler 2 has not recently provided any hot water over the pipework LA) the cold water occupying the volume of pipe length LA has to be expelled through the tap A before any of the hot water provided from the boiler 2 can reach the tap A. If the tap A is opened for a duration of two minutes at a flow rate of 3 litres per minute, then the delivered water to the tap is 6 litres. However, the volume of cold water occupying the length LA of the piping that needs to be expelled before hot water is provided equals 1.6 litres. Therefore the distribution loss is said to be 1.6 litres of hot water.
Another way to consider the distribution losses is that for the system of Figure 1 the boiler continues to provide hot water for the entire time that the tap is open, and therefore when the tap is closed there is a volume of heated water 'trapped' in the piping between the tap and the boiler. It is this 'trapped' hot water that subsequently cools and therefore the energy used to heat the water is lost.
In the above example, the time taken for the 1.6 litres of unheated water to pass through the length of piping LA (at a flow rate of 3 litres per minute) is 32 seconds. Consequently, the distribution losses can be significantly reduced, if not totally eradicated, if the boiler can be controlled to stop heating the water 32 seconds before tap A is turned off. This would cause the final 1.6 litres of water held within the length of piping LA to be unheated and therefore to have theoretically zero distribution loss. However, for a normal fluid outlet such as a basin or kitchen tap, there is clearly no way of anticipating when a user may turn off the fluid outlet in advance of that actually happening. Nonetheless, some reasonable assumptions about the length of time that a particular fluid outlet is in operation may be made.
In many countries it is a requirement for a hot water boiler to meet one or more hot water tests. For example, the currently applicable (at the time of writing) European standard (EN 13203) requires that the boiler be capable of providing hot water having a specified energy value over a number of "tapping events" i.e. a specified number of operations of one or more of the fluid outlets. For example, European test EN 13203 specifies a number of different "tapping patterns" for a corresponding number of different applications, or dwellings. The different patterns range from XXS (covering kitchen use only) through to XXL, corresponding to a multi-family dwelling. Each tapping pattern has an associated "tapping program". For example, for the medium M tapping pattern, which is applicable to an average family dwelling for two to four people, tapping program number 2 is specified, which includes 23 separate discrete "tapping events", each event corresponding to a type of delivery, for example a sink tap or shower having a required energy value to be delivered. For example, the first tapping event in tapping program number 2 denoted a "small" delivery requiring hot water having an energy value of 0.105 kWh to be delivered whilst the second tapping event is denoted as being for a shower and requires hot water having an energy value of 1.4 kWh to be dispensed.
Therefore, if the type of hot water delivery associated with a particular fluid outlet is known, and the length of piping between the fluid outlet and the boiler is also known, then one possible valid presumption may be made that the fluid outlet will be operated for the period of time necessary to dispense the specified energy value of hot water, and therefore the boiler may be controlled to terminate hot water supply in advance of the presumed cessation of operation for fluid outlet so as to minimise the distribution loss in the piping.
Figure 2 schematically illustrates a hot water supply system in conjunction with a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Similarly to the hot water system illustrated in Figure 1, a boiler 20 is coupled to one or more fluid outlets 60 via distribution pipe network 80, the boiler receiving cold water from a cold water mains supply 40. A controller 30 is connected to the boiler 20 to control the operation of the boiler. The controller 30 may be integrated with the normal boiler controls and control the boiler mechanism, or may be a separate unit configured to be connected to the boiler and to override the boiler control functions otherwise provided with the boiler 20. The controller includes a processor and a memory storage device. Each fluid outlet 60 has an associated sensor 22, each sensor 22 being connected to the controller 30. Each sensor 22 is configured to provide a signal to the controller 30 when the fluid outlet associated with the sensor 22 is operated, i.e. turned on. The signal provided by each sensor 22 includes an identification of the fluid outlet in operation, i.e. each fluid outlet having an associated sensor as a unique identification. The purpose of identifying a fluid outlet is to determine the length, and therefore volume, of piping coupling the fluid outlet to the boiler 20. Typically this information will be determined at the time of installing the control system and is stored within the controller, for example as a lookup table listing each fluid outlet ID and associated volume of piping between the fluid outlet and boiler. This may be accomplished using a microprocessor and memory in the manner that will be apparent to the skilled person.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, when a fluid outlet is operated the associated sensor 22 provides a signal to the controller 30 indicating which fluid outlet is in operation. Based on the knowledge of the fluid outlet in operation, e.g. whether the fluid outlet is a sink tap, bath tap, or shower for example, and the predetermined associated volume of piping between the identified fluid outlet and the boiler 20, the controller can utilise the previously discussed tapping program to determine the energy value of hot water to be supplied to the fluid outlet in accordance with the tapping program, and therefore based on the assumption that only a volume of hot water providing this energy value is required can control the boiler to cease providing hot water at a predetermined period of time prior to the expected cessation of operation of the fluid outlet, based on the known volume of pipework between the fluid outlet and the boiler 20. In these embodiments the sensor 22 merely operates to provide an indication of whether the fluid outlet is in operation or not. For example, if the fluid outlet in operation is identified as being associated with a shower then the expected equivalent energy value of the delivered hot water in accordance with the relevant tapping program entry in accordance with hot water test EN 13203 is, for example, 1.4 kilowatts per hour. Based on the known volume of pipework between the shower and the boiler 20, and an assumed hot water flow rate, the length of time required to deliver hot water equivalent to this energy value can be determined, and therefore the boiler operated to cease supplying hot water at an appropriate period of time before this energy value is achieved, in other words so as to avoid heating the volume of water that will otherwise be trapped in the volume of pipework between the boiler and shower when the shower is expected to be switched off.
The net effect of the above operating regime is that a user will continue to receive hot water at the fluid outlet for a period of time after the boiler has ceased to heat the water, due to the volume of heated water already present in the piping between the boiler and the outlet being 'purged' through the piping by the continues flow of unheated water. Consequently, when the outlet is turned off no, or a minimal amount, of heated water is left in the piping and therefore there is a reduction in distribution losses.
It may be that in addition to the energy value of hot water varying between different types of hot water outlet 60, the energy value of the hot water to be delivered may vary for any given hot water outlet depending upon the time of day, in accordance with the tapping programs set by the boiler tests. In this event, the time of day can also be taken to account by the controller 30 to modify the duration of water supply.
In other embodiments of the present invention the sensors 22 may also be configured to determine the temperature of the water exiting the associated hot water outlet 60. This additional information may be used by the controller 30 to increase the predetermined ration of hot water delivery so as to ensure that the dispensed hot water reaches a predetermined minimum temperature value prior to the time period over which the predetermined hot water energy value equivalent is provided.
In other embodiments, the sensors 22 may additionally or alternatively determine the actual flow rate of the water being dispensed from the fluid outlet 60. This information may therefore be used by the controller 30 in calculating the duration of hot water supply in order to provide the assumed desired hot water energy equivalent. For example, if the sensor 22 determines that the flow rate from the hot water outlet 60 is 1.5 litres per minute, then the time required to dispense hot water equivalent to an energy value of, say, 1.4 kWh will be twice that required if the flow rate is assumed to be 3 litres per minute.
In other embodiments the processor of the controller 30 may be configured to 'learn' the typical use profile of a fluid outlet, for example by monitoring the energy draw during a number of instances of operation of the fluid outlet and/or time of day and determining an average use profile. This profile may then be stored in the controller memory for subsequent use.
In further embodiments of the present invention one or more of the fluid outlets may be provided with an additional switch that either activates or de-activates the sensor 22 associated with that fluid outlet. This allows a user to manually override operation of the control system such that the boiler is operated to provide heated water to the fluid outlet for the entire duration that the fluid outlet is operating.
Consequently, the heated fluid control system of embodiments for the present invention provides a more efficient fluid heating system by virtue of substantially reducing the distribution losses within the fluid pipework of the system.
Claims (7)
- Claims 1. A heated fluid control system for controlling the operation of a fluid heater, the fluid heater being coupled to one or more fluid outlets, each fluid outlet being coupled to the fluid heater via an associated length of piping having a predetermined volume, the heated fluid control system comprising: one or more sensors, each sensor being associated with a respective fluid outlet; and a controller configured to control the operation of the fluid heater, wherein in response to receiving a signal from one of the sensors indicating operation of the associated fluid outlet, the controller causes the fluid heater to supply heated fluid for a predetermined period of time based on the volume of the associated length of piping.
- 2. A heated fluid control system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined period of time equals the time required to deliver a volume of heated fluid having a predetermined energy value minus the volume of the associated length of piping.
- 3. A heated fluid control system according to claim 2, wherein the controller includes a memory storage device and the predetermined energy value for each fluid outlet is stored in the memory device.
- 4. A heated fluid control system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the predetermined energy value for a fluid outlet is dependent on the time of day.
- 5. A heated fluid control system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the controller is configured to modify the predetermined energy value for a fluid outlet based on a previous average use pattern of the fluid outlet.
- 6. A heated fluid control system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one sensor is configured to detect the flow rate of fluid from the associated fluid outlet and provide signal to the controller indicating the flow rate, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the predetermined period of time for the supply of heated fluid based on the indicated flow rate.
- 7. A heated fluid control system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein at least one sensor is configured to detect the temperature of fluid from the associated fluid outlet and provide a signal to the controller indicating the temperature, wherein the controller is configured to allow the supply of fluid from the fluid heater until a predetermined minimum temperature is reached at the fluid outlet prior to commencing the fluid supply for the predetermined period of time.A heated fluid control system according to any preceding claim, further comprising at least one switch associated with a respective fluid outlet, wherein operation of the switch causes the controller to allow the supply of heated fluid for the duration of operation of the fluid outlet.A heated fluid control system according to any preceding claim, wherein each sensor is configured to provide a signal to the controller indicating the type of fluid outlet associated with the sensor.A domestic hot water system comprising a hot water boiler and a control system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 9, the control system arranged to control operation of the boiler. 8. 9. 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1900809.3A GB2580659B (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2019-01-21 | Heated fluid control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1900809.3A GB2580659B (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2019-01-21 | Heated fluid control system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201900809D0 GB201900809D0 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
| GB2580659A true GB2580659A (en) | 2020-07-29 |
| GB2580659B GB2580659B (en) | 2021-11-10 |
Family
ID=65655974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1900809.3A Expired - Fee Related GB2580659B (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2019-01-21 | Heated fluid control system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2580659B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022168033A1 (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-11 | Octopus Energy Group Limited | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
| GB2605213B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2023-04-19 | Octopus Energy Heating Ltd | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
| GB2612495A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2023-05-03 | Octopus Energy Heating Ltd | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2982623A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-17 | Electricite De France | Water distribution system for use in e.g. building, has temperature sensor placed on hot water supply pipe, and control unit that is adapted to drive back hot water remaining in pipe toward hot-water tank during closing of mixing valve tap |
-
2019
- 2019-01-21 GB GB1900809.3A patent/GB2580659B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2982623A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-17 | Electricite De France | Water distribution system for use in e.g. building, has temperature sensor placed on hot water supply pipe, and control unit that is adapted to drive back hot water remaining in pipe toward hot-water tank during closing of mixing valve tap |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022168033A1 (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-11 | Octopus Energy Group Limited | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
| GB2605213B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2023-04-19 | Octopus Energy Heating Ltd | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
| GB2612495A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2023-05-03 | Octopus Energy Heating Ltd | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
| GB2612495B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2023-12-20 | Octopus Energy Heating Ltd | Methods and systems and apparatus to support reduced energy and water usage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2580659B (en) | 2021-11-10 |
| GB201900809D0 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20230121 |