GB2578632A - Deposing initiary compositions - Google Patents
Deposing initiary compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2578632A GB2578632A GB1817918.4A GB201817918A GB2578632A GB 2578632 A GB2578632 A GB 2578632A GB 201817918 A GB201817918 A GB 201817918A GB 2578632 A GB2578632 A GB 2578632A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- oxide
- complex
- nanothermite
- suspension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylenes Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MSBGPEACXKBQSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluorophenyl) carbonochloridate Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(OC(Cl)=O)C=C1 MSBGPEACXKBQSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUVUYEVFMFFSMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+]([O-])=O UUVUYEVFMFFSMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWMRZXLGCIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CCOC(=O)C=C KWMRZXLGCIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide-acrylic acid resin Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIRCTMFFNKZQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N AlO Inorganic materials [Al]=O AIRCTMFFNKZQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006322 acrylamide copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZTMBTYCPRBJULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylperoxy hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCOOOC(O)=O ZTMBTYCPRBJULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- AAAUMZZBNYAFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro nitroformate Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)OC(=O)[N+]([O-])=O AAAUMZZBNYAFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RPMXALUWKZHYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C=C RPMXALUWKZHYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001004 polyvinyl nitrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/02—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
- C06C7/02—Manufacture; Packing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0803—Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
Abstract
Nanothermite initiatory composition comprises: (i) a nanothermite suspension of a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M’) in a solvent, wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M) is less than 1000 nm, (ii) wherein said nanothermite suspension comprises a charging reagent comprising a reagent capable of forming a stable complex with each of the metal(M)oxide and the metal (M’), to from a metal(M)oxide complex, and a metal (M') complex that have the same electrostatic charge, such that said metal(M)oxide complex and a metal (M’) complex repel each other in said suspension, wherein the admixture of the binder, nanothermite suspension charging reagent, has been caused to be mixed under Resonant Acoustic Mixing to provide a stable suspension of a nanothermite complex. Method of filling an explosive device comprises step (ii) above followed by filling the device with said composition.
Description
DEPOSING INITIARY COMPOSITIONS
There is provided a composition and method of deposing initiatory compositions, specifically for filling small devices such as caps, and ignitors.
There is a desire to move away from typical sensitive initiatory compositions, and specifically those that require the use of lead based compositions.
Primers for medium and small calibre munitions are typically modest-sized components requiring no more than a few hundred milligrams of primary explosive or other initiating composition. Consequently, filling such components by hand requires significant dexterity. Filling processes involving dry powders are also prone to initiation via electrostatic discharge, which promotes safety concerns with regards to the operator.
According to a first aspect of present invention there is provided a nanothermite initiatory composition, comprising a: (i) a nanothermite suspension of a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") in a solvent, wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") is less than 1000 nm, provided that (M) # (M"), (ii) wherein said nanothermite suspension comprises a charging reagent comprising a reagent capable of forming a stable complex with each of the metal(M)oxide and the metal (M"), to from a metal(M)oxide complex, and a metal (M') complex, such that said metal(M)oxide complex and said metal (M") complex repel each other in said suspension, wherein the admixture of the binder, nanothermite suspension charging reagent, has been caused to be mixed under Resonant Acoustic Mixing to provide a stable suspension of a nanothermite complex; in a highly preferred arrangement the nanothermite suspension further comprises a non-ionic surfactant. -2 -
The repelling of said metal(M)oxide complex and a metal (M") complex is caused by the charging reagent having the same electrostatic charge or providing steric hindrance. The effect will be determined by the choice of the charging reagent.
The nanothermite may be present in a stoichiometric ratio or fuel-rich ratio of fuel and oxidizer nanopowders. Stoichiometric ratio is defined as Equivalence Ratio (ER or 4)) = 1.0. Fuel-rich ratios, for example, may be ER (4)) = 1.2.
( Fuel) Wxidizer Experimental = (Fuel) Wxidizer Stoichiometric In a highly preferred arrangement the solvent may comprise a binder, in the range of from 0.1 to 16% w/w.
The binder may be any typically used binder in energetic material compositions. The binder may be selected from a non-energetic binder and/or an energetic binder, present in the range of from 0.1% to 16%wt, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5%wt.
The binder may be a mixture of an energetic and non-energetic binder. Examples of suitable non-energetic binder materials are ethylene-vinyl acetate, esters, ego cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyurethanes, polyesters, polybutadienes, polyethylenes, polyvinyl acetate and blends and/or copolymers thereof, or fluorinated binders. The fluorinated binders may be mono-or per-fluorinated, such as, for example PTFE, Viton etc. Examples of suitable energetic binder materials which may be used alongside a non-energetic binder, may be nitrocellulose, polyvinylnitrate, nitroethylene, nitroallyl acetate, nitroethyl acrylate, nitroethylmethacrylate, trinitroethyl acrylate, din itropropyl acrylate, C-nitropolystyrene and its derivatives, polyurethanes with aliphatic C-and N-nitro groups, polyesters -3 -made from dinitrocarboxylic acids and dinitrodiol and homopolymers of 3-10 nitrato-3 methyl oxetane (PolyNIMMO).
The nanothermite initiatory composition may deposed directly into a device, or deposed to provide a loose composition that can be filled using conventional techniques, such as granules, rods, pellets, etc. The device to be filled may be any munition or subsystem, typically this may be a primer cup, initiator, or part of the explosive train.
In a preferred arrangement the nanothermite suspension may be caused fo to be evaporated, to provide a powdered nanothermite encapsulated in the binder material. The evaporation stage may be afforded in once in a filled device.
The admixture, comprising, for example, nanothermite suspension, binder, adhesive, optinally any curative, may be directly applied to any substrate or device by means of either extrusion, deposition or spray process, e.g. aerosol, nozzle printing or vapour deposition.
Plasticisers, such as non-energetic, energetic plasticisers or a 20 combination therefore may be used.
The nanothermite solids loading in the suspension may be greater than 10%w/w, preferably of from 10% to 70%w/w, most preferably 30-60%w/w, within the composition.
The device to be filled may be any munition or subsystem, typically this may be a primer cup, initiator, or part of the explosive train.
The metal(M)oxide and a metal (M"), may each have an average particle size of less than 1000nm, preferably less than 500nm, more 30 preferably less than 100nm, yet more preferably less than 50nm.
The metal oxide(M) may be any oxide of a metal, preferably the metal is selected from a transition metal, Al, In, Sn, Mg, Be, B, and Si or a mixture -4 -thereof. Preferably the transition metal may be selected from Sc, Bi, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo or Z. The metal (M") may be selected from a transition metal, AI, In, Sn, Mg, Be, B, Si or a mixture thereof, provided that the metal and the metal ion in the metal oxide are not selected from the same metal, ie (M) # (M'). The transition metal for the (M') may be selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe,Co, Ni, Cu or Zn.
Particularly preferred mixtures may be bismuth (III) oxide / aluminium, iron (III) oxide / aluminium, and copper (II) oxide / aluminium, Molybdenum (VI) oxide / aluminium and manganese (Ill) oxide / aluminium.
The charging reagent may be selected from any reagent that is capable of forming a stable complex such as a chelate, ligand with the metal M' and metal (M) oxide such that they repel each other in said suspension. The repulsion may be caused by large steric hindrances and/or ionic repulsion. The charging reagent may be monodentate, bidentate ligand oligomeric, polymeric, ionic, or polar organic compounds, such as halo, polyethylenimine, phosphate ester, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), trioxadecanoic acid and acrylate-acrylamide copolymers.
In a highly preferred arrangement the suspension may comprise a non-ionic surfactant. The non-ionic surfactant may assist to prevent aggregated particles from forming as well as enhancing adsorption on the particle.
The selection of the non-ionic surfactant may prepare the surface of the metal (M') and metal(M) oxide particles to accept the charging reagent ligand, such as to facilitate the adsorption of the charging ligand, ie protons, iodide, conjugate systems, or ions on the particles surface. -5 -
A preferred example of a charging reagent may be iodine, acetone and deionized water in a polar organic solvent, with a non-ionic surfactant, such as acetylacetone or ethylene glycol.
The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, preferably a polar solvent, such as for example an C1 to C10 alcohol, such as alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, straight or branch chained, and mixtures thereof.
The use of large complex ligands, may provide steric repulsion, electronic repulsion. The surfactant may itself form a chelate or complex bonds with the metal (M') and metal atom of the metal (M) oxide. Examples of the nonionic surfactants may be acetylacetone, ethylene glycol or similar compounds.
In one arrangement the device may be initiated by an electrical stimulus, such as an electric spark, potential difference, which requires the use of a conducting composition. The nanothermite suspension may be made conducting by the inclusion of conducting particles, such that the composition may comprises a graphitic filler in the range of 1-40% by weight, a graphitic filler greater than 20%, such as in the range of 20 to 40% w/w. The graphitic filler had been found to further assist the complexing of the charging reagent and non-ionic surfactant with the metal and metal oxides.
The Resonant Acoustic Mixing stimulus process may be affected at different frequencies/power to provide homogeneous mixing of the composition. Resonant acoustic mixing is far removed from sonification (or ultrasound) techniques. Ultrasound employs very high frequencies, typically greater than 20KHz.
In a highly preferred arrangement the resonant acoustic mixing may be caused at a frequency in the range of less than 200Hz, preferably less than 100 Hz, preferably from 20 Hz to 100Hz, more preferably in the range of from 50Hz to 70Hz, yet more preferably 58Hz to 60hz. The resonant acoustic mixing occurs at very low frequencies, in the order of tens of hertz, compared to those used in sonification (ultrasound),which is tens of thousands of hertz. -6 -
Typically the resonant acoustic mixing stimulus may apply an acceleration force of up to 100g.
Resonant acoustic mixing induces microscale turbulence by propagating acoustic waves of a low frequency throughout a mixture. The resonant acoustic mixing system has a lower frequency of acoustic energy and can be more readily applied to larger scale of mixing than ultrasonic agitation. The mixing time for typical shear force mixers may be in the order of several hours to ensure homogenous mixing, in resonant acoustic mixing the stimulus may cause the time to be reduced to less than hour, more preferably less than 20 mins or even less than 5 minutes. The use of conventional mixing techniques with nanometric scale powders, particularly those in suspension, often causes high viscosity suspensions, the use of Resonant Acoustic Mixing is particularly suited to mixing high viscosity suspensions.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a deposed nanothermite energetic material comprising a i) a binder, ii) a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M"), wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") is less than 100nm, wherein said metal (M) and metal (M') are complexed with a reagent such that said metal(M)oxide in said metal(M) oxide complex, and the metal (M") in the metal (M') complex have the same electrostatic charge.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of filling explosive devices with a nanothermite initiatory composition, comprising the steps of: forming a nanothermite composition comprising (i) a binder, (ii) a thermite suspension of a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") in a solvent, wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") is less than 1000nm, provided that M # M", (iii) forming a charging reagent comprising a reagent capable of forming a stable complex with each of the metal(M)oxide and the metal (M"), such that said metal(M) in said metal(M)oxide complex, and the metal(M") in -7 -the metal (M') complex have the same electrostatic charge or are sterically hindered, such that said metal(M)oxide complex and a metal (M") complex repel each other, forming an admixture of the binder, thermite suspension and charging reagent, causing said admixture to be mixed under Resonant Acoustic Mixing to provide a stable suspension of an admixture of a nanothermite complex, (Hi) filling the device with the admixture of nanothermite complex..
Experimental Component (NTS_1) Mass (g) % (W/VV) Nanoparticle suspension: Nanothermite (n-Al/Bi203) 5.887 39.249 Ethanol 5.414 36.093 Acetylacetone 2.291 15.276 "Charging reagent ": Iodine 0.165 1.099 Acetone 0.233 1.550 Deionised water 0.147 0.981 Ethanol 0.863 5.752 Total: 15.000 100.00
Table 1
The above suspension was prepared with a nanothermite loading of 40%w/w. The suspension was substantially devoid of aggregated particulates, the 15 suspension was capable of being deposed onto a substrate and dried.
Claims (15)
- -8 -Claims 1) A nanothermite initiatory composition, comprising a: (i) a nanothermite suspension of a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") in a 5 solvent, wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") is less than 1000 nm, provided that (M) # (M"), (ii) wherein said nanothermite suspension comprises a charging reagent, comprising a reagent capable of forming a stable complex with each of the metal(M)oxide and the metal (M"), to from a metal(M)oxide complex, and a metal (M') complex, such that said metal(M)oxide complex and said metal (M") complex repel each other in said suspension, wherein the admixture of the nanothermite suspension, charging reagent, has been caused to be mixed under Resonant Acoustic Mixing to provide a stable suspension of the nanothermite composition.
- 2). A composition according to claim 1, wherein the repelling of said metal(M)oxide complex and a metal (M") complex is caused by the charging reagent having the same electrostatic charge and/or providing steric hindrance therebetween.
- 3). A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nanothermite suspension comprises a binder, in the range of from 0.1 to 16% w/w.
- 4). A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nanothermite suspension comprises a non-ionic surfactant.
- 5). A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is deposed in a primer cup, initiator, or explosive train.
- 6). A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal oxide(M) is an oxide of a metal selected from a transition metal, Al, In, Sn, Mg, Be, B, and Si or a mixture thereof. -9 -
- 7). A composition of claim 6, wherein the transition metal is Sc, Bi, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo or Zn.
- 8). The composition of according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the metal (M") is selected from a transition metal, Al, In, Sn, Mg, Be, B, Si or a mixture thereof.
- 9). A composition of claim 8, wherein the transition metal is Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, to Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn.
- 10) A composition according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises a graphitic filler in the range of 20-40% by weight.
- 11) A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the solvent is a polar organic solvent.
- 12) A method of filling explosive devices with a nanothermite initiatory composition, comprising the steps of: forming a nanothermite composition comprising (i) a binder, (ii) a thermite suspension of a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M') in a solvent, wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") is less than 1000nm, provided that M # M", (iii) forming a charging reagent comprising a reagent capable of forming a stable complex with each of the metal(M)oxide and the metal (M'), such that said metal(M) in said metal(M)oxide complex, and the metal(M") in the metal (M') complex have the same electrostatic charge or are sterically hindered, such that said metal(M)oxide complex and a metal (M') complex repel each other, forming an admixture of the binder, thermite suspension and charging reagent, causing said admixture to be mixed under Resonant Acoustic Mixing to provide a stable suspension of an admixture of a nanothermite complex, (Hi) filling the device with the admixture of nanothermite complex.
- 13). A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nanothermite suspension comprises a binder, in the range of from 0.1 to 16% w/w.
- 14). A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the to nanothermite suspension comprises a non-ionic surfactant.
- 15) A deposed nanothermite energetic material comprising a i) a binder, H) a metal(M)oxide and a metal (M"), wherein the average particle size of the metal(M)oxide and a metal (M") is less than 100nm, wherein said metal (M) and metal (M') are complexed with a reagent such that said metal(M)oxide in said metal(M) oxide complex, and the metal (M") in the metal (M') complex have the same electrostatic charge.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| GB1817918.4A GB2578632A (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2018-11-02 | Deposing initiary compositions |
| PCT/GB2019/053063 WO2020089613A1 (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2019-10-30 | Deposing initiary compositions |
| US17/289,434 US20220002213A1 (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2019-10-30 | Deposing initiary compositions |
| EP19798349.7A EP3873690B1 (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2019-10-30 | Deposing initiary compositions |
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| EP (1) | EP3873690B1 (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2020089613A1 (en) |
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| FR3132712A1 (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2023-08-18 | Eurenco | Process for obtaining ignition pastes in an acoustic resonance mixer |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2905882A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-21 | Saint Louis Inst | Production of micro- and-or nano-thermite for use, e.g. in pyrotechnics or weapons, involves coating dispersed oxidant particles with a precursor of a reducing metal and then forming the metal by thermolysis |
| CN104551005A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 北京化工大学 | Nanometer core shell structure thermite and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9187519B1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-11-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Reactive nanocomposites and methods of making the same |
| CA3058853A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Bae Systems Plc | Improved process for making and filling a pbx composition |
-
2018
- 2018-11-02 GB GB1817918.4A patent/GB2578632A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-10-30 WO PCT/GB2019/053063 patent/WO2020089613A1/en unknown
- 2019-10-30 US US17/289,434 patent/US20220002213A1/en active Pending
- 2019-10-30 EP EP19798349.7A patent/EP3873690B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2905882A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-21 | Saint Louis Inst | Production of micro- and-or nano-thermite for use, e.g. in pyrotechnics or weapons, involves coating dispersed oxidant particles with a precursor of a reducing metal and then forming the metal by thermolysis |
| CN104551005A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 北京化工大学 | Nanometer core shell structure thermite and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Journal of Energetic Materials, 2017, 35, 331-345 * |
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| GB201817918D0 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
| WO2020089613A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
| US20220002213A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
| EP3873690B1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
| EP3873690A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
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