GB2572841A - Water pressure gauge arrangement support system and method - Google Patents

Water pressure gauge arrangement support system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2572841A
GB2572841A GB1901492.7A GB201901492A GB2572841A GB 2572841 A GB2572841 A GB 2572841A GB 201901492 A GB201901492 A GB 201901492A GB 2572841 A GB2572841 A GB 2572841A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
water pressure
pressure gauge
pipe network
arrangement
area
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Granted
Application number
GB1901492.7A
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GB2572841B (en
GB201901492D0 (en
Inventor
Ishitobi Taichi
Adachi Shingo
Koizumi Kenji
Fujii Kenji
Takahashi Shinsuke
Ebata Tomoichi
Oguma Motoaki
Hara Naoki
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication of GB2572841A publication Critical patent/GB2572841A/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
    • G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
    • G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/003—Arrangement for testing of watertightness of water supply conduits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0224—Process history based detection method, e.g. whereby history implies the availability of large amounts of data
    • G05B23/0227—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions
    • G05B23/0235—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions based on a comparison with predetermined threshold or range, e.g. "classical methods", carried out during normal operation; threshold adaptation or choice; when or how to compare with the threshold

Abstract

A water pressure gauge arrangement support system 100 includes a pipe network model database 107 that stores pipe network model data simulating a pipe network, a water pressure gauge specification database 108 that stores water pressure gauge specification data including a specification of a water pressure gauge, a water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102, an input device 110, and an output device 111. In the system, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 calculates a plurality of area configurations including an arrangement position of the water pressure gauge to the pipe network and arrangement of an area corresponding to the arrangement position for each of a plurality of conditions including combinations of the number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy based on the pipe network model data and the water pressure gauge specification data, calculates an arrangement evaluation value for each of the plurality of area configurations calculated, and extracts a candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges from the plurality of area configurations calculated based on the arrangement evaluation values.

Description

WATER PRESSURE GAUGE ARRANGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEM AND METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique for estimating a water leakage distribution of a piping network using a water pressure gauge.
. Description of Related Art
In the related art, it has been known to estimate a water leakage distribution in a water pipe network based on hydraulic calculation using a pipe network model and measured data of water pressure gauges installed in the pipe network.
For example, JP-A-2016-53250 discloses an apparatus including a measurement information collection unit that collects a measurement value from a measurement device installed in a water pipe network, a risk information calculation unit that calculates a water leakage risk value from the pipeline information, and a water leakage distribution estimating unit that estimates a parameter including a combination of a zone configuration that integrates adjacent areas among areas partitioning the pipe network and the water leakage intensity of each zone in the zone configuration. In this apparatus, the water leakage distribution estimating unit further includes a zone index calculation unit that calculates a zone index based on the zone configuration, an error index calculation unit that calculates an error index from a difference between a predicted value calculated from pipe network calculation in which a water leakage distribution is estimated based on a parameter and a risk value, and a measured value, and an optimum parameter searching unit that searches an optimum parameter that minimizes the index based on both the zone index and the error index.
In JP-A-2016-53250, first, a target pipe network is divided into small areas, a water pressure gauge is then installed in each area, and finally, the water leakage amount in each area is estimated by acquiring and analyzing the measured data. By intensively investigating the water leakage in an area that is estimated to have a large water leakage amount it is possible to efficiently respond to the water leakage.
In the technique described in JP-A-2016-53250, an area required for estimation can be determined from a water pressure gauge arrangement position or an arrangement position of the water pressure gauge can be determined from the area. When one side is determined in this manner, the other can be determined. However, a method for constructing both the area and the water pressure gauge arrangement position in a state in which the area and the water pressure gauge arrangement position are not determined is not disclosed.
Here, a technique for determining a water pressure gauge arrangement position and a measurement range (area) of a water pressure gauge to estimate water leakage in a water distribution pipe network with desired accuracy in a state in which the area and the water pressure gauge arrangement position are not determined is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a preferable aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water pressure gauge arrangement support method for supporting arrangement of a water pressure gauge on a pipe network using an information processing device. In this method, pipe network model data simulating the pipe network, and water pressure gauge specification data including a water pressure gauge specification are used. Then, a first process of calculating a plurality of area configurations including an arrangement position of the water pressure gauge to the pipe network and arrangement of areas corresponding to the arrangement position for each of a plurality of conditions including combinations of the number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy based on the pipe network model data and the water pressure gauge specification data, a second process of calculating an arrangement evaluation value for each of the plurality of area configurations calculated in the first process, and a third process of extracting a candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges from the plurality of area configurations calculated in the first process based on the arrangement evaluation value are performed.
According to another preferable aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water pressure gauge arrangement support system including a pipe network model database that stores pipe network model data simulating a pipe network, a water pressure gauge specification database that stores water pressure gauge specification data including a specification of a water pressure gauge, a water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit, an input device, and an output device. In the system, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit calculates a plurality of area configurations including an arrangement position of the water pressure gauge to the pipe network and arrangement of areas corresponding to the arrangement position for each of a plurality of conditions including combinations of the number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy based on the pipe network model data and the water pressure gauge specification data, calculates an arrangement evaluation value for each of the plurality of area configurations calculated, and extracts a candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges from the plurality of area configurations calculated based on the arrangement evaluation values.
It is possible to determine a water pressure gauge arrangement position and a measurement range (area) of a water pressure gauge to estimate water leakage in a water distribution pipe network with desired accuracy in a state in which an area configuration and the water pressure gauge arrangement position are not determined.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a water pressure gauge arrangement support system according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a table diagram showing an example of data stored in a water pressure gauge specification database;
FIG. 3 is an overall flowchart of a process performed by a water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process performed by a water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process performed by an area calculation unit;
FIG. 6A is a conceptual diagram for explaining a concept of a process performed by a water pressure change amount calculation unit;
FIG. 6B is a table diagram showing a relationship between a water leakage position and a water pressure change amount at each node;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process performed by the water pressure change amount calculation unit;
FIG. 8A is a conceptual diagram for explaining a concept of a process performed by the area calculation unit;
FIG. 8B is a table diagram showing a relationship between a water leakage position and a water pressure change amount at each node and in which range the water pressure change amount according to the target accuracy can be detected;
FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram for explaining the meaning of an arrangement evaluation value;
FIG. 9B is a table diagram showing a relationship between a water leakage position and a water pressure change amount at each node and in which range the water pressure change amount according to the target accuracy can be detected;
FIG. 10 is a table diagram showing an example of a data format of a water pressure gauge arrangement result database;
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of a calculation result display screen of a water pressure gauge arrangement position;
FIG. 12 is a table diagram showing an example of waster leakage risk data;
FIG. 13A is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of an area configuration not considering water leakage risk;
FIG. 13B is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of an area configuration considering water leakage risk;
FIG. 14 is an overall configuration diagram of a water pressure gauge arrangement support system according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a table diagram showing an example of a data format of a pipeline asset database; and
Fig. 16 is a flowchart of a process performed by a water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments described below. Those skilled in the art can easily understand that specific configurations can be changed without departing from the spirit or gist of the present invention.
In the configurations of the present invention described below, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts or parts having similar functions in different drawings, and redundant explanation may be omitted.
When there are plural elements having the same or similar function, the same reference numerals are given with different subscripts and the description thereof is made in some cases.
The notations such as first, second, third and the like in this specification and the like are attached to identify constituent elements, and it does not necessarily limit the number, order, or content thereof. In addition, the number for identifying the constituent element is used for each context, and the number used in one context does not necessarily indicate the same constitution in other contexts. Also, this does not preclude that the constituent element identified by a certain number also has a function of a constituent element identified by another number.
The position, size, shape, range, and the like of each component shown in the drawings and the like may not show the actual position, size, shape, range and the like in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention. Therefore the present invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, shape, range and the like disclosed in drawings and the like.
The constituent element expressed in the singular form includes the plural form unless it is explicitly indicated in a particular context.
Initially, one of the embodiments described below will be described. The system according to the embodiment is used for a user who uses a water leakage estimation technique using hydraulic analysis and water pressure gauge measurement data to present an appropriate water pressure gauge arrangement position and an area configuration.
More specifically, in the system of this embodiment, it is possible to use the pipe network model simulating the water distribution pipe network as a target and the number and specification of water pressure gauges that can be installed as premised data. Then, the arrangement position of the water pressure gauge, the area configuration, and the arrangement evaluation value are calculated based on the premised data under the condition of the given number of water pressure gauges and the index for determining the shape and size of the area (target accuracy).
More specifically, under the condition of the given number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy, a plurality of patterns of the possible arrangement position of the water pressure gauge and the possible area configuration are calculated, and the arrangement position and the area configuration in which the arrangement evaluation value becomes minimum are extracted. Then, the extracted value is presented to the user as information in which at least two of the number of water pressure gauges, the target accuracy, and the arrangement evaluation value are associated with each other Based on the information presented to the user, at least one of the number of water pressure gauges, the target accuracy, and the arrangement evaluation value is selected and the system presents the arrangement position of the water pressure gauge and the area configuration based on the selection.
In the specification, although an example of a case where the maximum value of the arrangement evaluation value is extracted is described, as the definition of the arrangement evaluation value, it is obvious that the minimum value is obtained when the inverse number is taken, and thus the meaning of the maximum value includes the minimum value unless otherwise specified.
The target accuracy means the lower water leakage amount at the time of estimation of water leakage of the target area. That is, the water leakage equal to or greater than the target accuracy generated within the area of the water pressure gauge can be detected by the water pressure gauge in the system. As the target accuracy becomes less, the system performs estimation with higher accuracy. The water pressure gauge arrangement position and the area configuration set in the following embodiment can be used for a water leakage estimation technique in the related art as in JP-A-2016-53250. In this case, the target accuracy is expressed as the minimum water leakage amount to be estimated in each area.
In the embodiment, the area refers to a measurement range of the water pressure gauge. The area is equivalent to a range in which the water pressure gauge can measure water leakage with the target accuracy (measurable range). The area configuration refers to the arrangement of the water pressure gauge and the area in the water distribution pipe network.
First Embodiment
Overall System Configuration
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a water pressure gauge arrangement support system according to a first embodiment. This system is implemented by running a program on a normal server. As is well known, a server is a type of computer and has an input device, an output device, a processing device, and a storage device as its hardware elements. In this embodiment, the function such as calculation or control is realized by executing a program stored in the storage device by the processing device while cooperating with other hardware on a predetermined processing.
A water pressure gauge arrangement support system 100 includes a result total and screen output unit 101, a water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102, a water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103, an area calculation unit 104, a water pressure change amount calculation unit 105, and a pipe network calculation unit 106 as functional parts realized by executing a program by the processing device of the server. The system has also a pipe network model database 107, a water pressure gauge specification data 108, and a water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109 as data stored in the storage device. The system also has an input device 110 and an output device 111.
The input device 110 is, for example, a keyboard, and the output device 111 is, for example, an image monitor, but other well-known configurations may be used.
The above configuration may be constituted by a single server, or an arbitrary part of the input device, the output device, the processing device, and the storage device may be constituted by other computers connected via a network.
The result total and screen output unit 101 controls the input device 110 and the output device 111 and receives an instruction to start calculation from a user 112 to determine the water pressure gauge arrangement position. Also, the obtained calculation result is displayed and the operation for the user 112 to determine the water pressure gauge arrangement position is supported. The details of the information displayed on the output device ill for the determination will be described later with reference to FIG. 11.
The water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 cooperates with other functional parts and creates data required for presenting the calculation result of the water pressure gauge arrangement position to the user. In the embodiment, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 gives instructions to other functional parts and supervises the entire process by using the instruction as a subroutine. However, even when all functions are configured by a single functional part, the basic concept does not change.
The water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 calculates the optimum water pressure gauge arrangement position based on the number and type of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy given from the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102.
The area calculation unit 104 calculates the area configuration based on the target accuracy, the water pressure gauge arrangement position, and the water pressure gauge type given from the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103.
The water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 calculates the water pressure change in the pipe network when water leakage occurs under the condition of target accuracy given from the area calculation unit 104.
As a subroutine of the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105, the pipe network calculation unit 106 performs pipe network calculation using the data of the pipe network model database 107.
The pipe network model database 107 is a database for storing data obtained by pipe network modeling of a water distribution pipe network.
The water pressure gauge specification data 108 is a database on the specification of the water pressure gauge to be installed.
The water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109 is a database for storing the results of calculating the arrangement of the water pressure gauge.
Pipe Network Model Database
In the embodiment, the pipe network model database 107 stores data obtained by pipe network modeling of a water distribution pipe network, which is a target for monitoring water leakage . The pipe network model is a pipeline connection of a pipe network expressed by a graph structure, that is, a node and a link (pipeline) . The pipe network model may be pipe network modeling as a collection of pipelines connecting nodes .
The data of the pipe network model database 107 is used for pipe network calculation in the pipe network calculation unit 106. The pipe network calculation simulates the network of the water distribution pipe and reproduces the flow of water under specific conditions. The data of the model database 107 includes, for example, pipeline information, node information and pattern information. The pipeline information is a summary of the ID, length, and caliber of the pipeline constituting the pipe network. The node information expresses an arrangement location, a tank, a customer, and the like existing in the pipe network. The pattern information expresses various patterns used for pipe network calculation, and it is possible to express values for each time such as a demanded amount, the water head of the tank, the pump pressure and the like.
For the pipe network model, the pipe network model database, and the pipe network calculation themselves, the detailed descriptions are omitted due to accumulation of known techniques such as JP-A-2016-53250. In the embodiment, the pipe network calculation unit 106 may cooperate with the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105, and when the position and the amount of water leakage and the position of the water pressure gauge in the pipe network are given, calculate the change in the water pressure at the position of the water pressure gauge based on the data of the pipe network model database 107.
Water Pressure Gauge Specification Database
In this embodiment, the water pressure gauge specification data 108 is a database expressing the specification of the water pressure gauge to be installed.
FIG. 2 shows an example of data (water pressure gauge specification information) stored in the water pressure gauge specification data 108 . As for a method of reading the database an attribute name 201 is arranged on the left side of the table and an attribute value 202 is arranged on the right side. In the example of FIG. 2, water pressure gauge ID describes the type of water pressure gauge specified by PG-1. When there are two or more types of water pressure gauges, there are multiple rows of attribute values. In the example of FIG. 2, data is created for each type of water pressure gauge, but data may be created for each water pressure gauge.
The water pressure gauge specification information is a summary of the specification of water pressure gauge to be installed. Accuracy class indicates a classification of the accuracy of the water pressure gauge. Span indicates the range of water pressure that the water pressure gauge can measure. Minimum scale value indicates the minimum value of water pressure that water pressure gauge can measure. In FIG. 2, the span of the water pressure gauge is 1 Mpa and the minimum scale value is 0 Mpa, and measurement is possible from 0 to 1 Mpa. Measurement frequency indicates the set frequency of water pressure measurement. Installable number indicates the number of water pressure gauges that can be installed in the pipe network, for example, the inventory quantity of the water pressure gauge. Price and other data may be included in the data.
The span and the measurement frequency are used to calculate a significant water pressure change amount in each water pressure gauge. In addition, the installable number affects the number of calculations of water pressure gauge arrangement. The installation price can be used to show the relationship between the target accuracy or the installation evaluation value and the water pressure gauge arrangement cost on the calculation result screen.
Instead of or in addition to the accuracy class or the span, data on measurement error and scale width may be provided.
Overall Process Flow
FIG. 3 is an overall flowchart of a process performed by the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 of the water pressure gauge arrangement support system 100. The start trigger of this process is, for example, a case where a specified instruction is given by the user 112. Alternatively, the process may be automatically performed by using a predetermined condition as a trigger.
In this process, the data of the pipe network model database 107 and the water pressure gauge specification data 108 are used to calculate the possible arrangement and area of the water pressure gauge for each combination of the number of water pressure gauges to be arranged and the target accuracy. Then, based on the arrangement evaluation value, for each number of water pressure gauges, the optimum water pressure gauge arrangement position and the target accuracy at that time are calculated. Various optimization methods (Simplex method and the like) can be used for this process. The concept of the arrangement evaluation value will be described in detail later. The calculation result of the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 is input to the result total and screen output unit 101 and presented to the user 112 by the output device 111. Hereinafter, the description will be made with reference to FIG. 3.
In process S301, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 initializes the number of water pressure gauges. Normally, the initial value of the number of water pressure gauges is 1, and the number is incremented to the maximum number of the number of water pressure gauges that can be installed (hereinafter, referred to as installable maximum number) in process S302. The maximum installable number is the total value of installable number of the water pressure gauge specification data 108 in FIG. 2 . Alternatively, the user 112 may set an arbitrary value as the maximum installable number.
In process S303, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 initializes the target accuracy. The target accuracy may be given in advance or the user 112 may set an arbitrary value every time from a practical view point. The target accuracy is defined as a water leakage amount per detectable time, for example, 50 m3/h. For example, the initial value is set as the upper limit (or the lower limit) of the assumed target accuracy.
In process S304, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 sends the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy to the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103. The water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 starts the process with input of the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy as a trigger. In the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103, under the condition of the given number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy, the water pressure gauge arrangement position with the highest arrangement evaluation value (and the type of the water pressure gauge installed at each position) is calculated and the calculated position is returned to the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102. The process of the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 will be described later in detail with reference to FIG. 4.
In process S305, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 acquires the water pressure gauge arrangement position and the arrangement evaluation value from the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103.
In the process S306, whether or not the arrangement evaluation value is the maximum in the number of water pressure gauges set in the process 302 is evaluated.
In process S307, the target accuracy is adjusted when the arrangement evaluation value is not the maximum. In the adjustment, for example, the accuracy is lowered (or increased) by a predetermined value. Thereafter, in process S304, the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 is activated again.
In process S308, the water pressure gauge arrangement result with the maximum arrangement evaluation value is stored in the water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109. Not only the water pressure gauge arrangement result with the maximum evaluation value but also all the calculated results may be stored.
In process S309, it is determined whether or not the number of water pressure gauges is the installable maximum number. When the number is the installable maximum number, the result total and screen output unit 101 is activated to present the result to the user in process S310 . When the number is not the maximum number, the number of water pressure gauges is incremented in process S302 and the same processes are performed.
In process S310, the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 sends presentation data which is a calculation result that associates the target accuracy and the arrangement evaluation with the area configuration which is a candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges to the result total and screen output unit 101. The result total and screen output unit 101 creates a display screen based on the presentation data and displays the display screen on the output device 111.
As the calculation result, for example, for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges, a pair of an area configuration and the target accuracy showing the highest arrangement evaluation value are sent as corresponding data. The result total and screen output unit 101 totals the calculation results, graphs the results, and displays the results on the output device ill.
Process of Water Pressure Gauge Arrangement Position Searching Unit (First Half)
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining process S304 performed by the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103. The water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 calculates the water pressure gauge arrangement position with the highest arrangement evaluation value (and the type of the water pressure gauge installed at each position) under the condition of the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy given from the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 and returns the calculated position. The start trigger is a case where the input of the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy is received from the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102.
In process S401, the number of water pressure gauges set in process S302 and the target accuracy adjusted in process
S307 are acquired.
In process S402, from the water pressure gauge specification data 108, the specifications of each installable water pressure gauge and the maximum installable number are acquired.
In process S403, the number of water pressure gauges set in process S302 are arranged in random places of the water distribution pipe network defined by the model of the pipe network model database 107 . From the installed water pressure gauges in the water pressure gauge specification data 108, the number of water pressure gauges set in processing S302 can be selected, and the specifications of the water pressure gauges can be assigned at the same time. In this case, candidate coordinates which are candidates for arrangement may be set in advance, and arrangement position may be randomly selected from candidate coordinates and arranged. The candidate coordinates may be set for each predetermined length (for example, 100 m) of the pipeline. Alternatively, the nodes of the pipeline may be used as candidate coordinates.
When the nodes of the pipeline are taken as the candidate coordinates, all nodes or nodes limited by a certain method (only nodes with a demand amount, only nodes at which the water pressure fluctuation of one day is not large, or designation by the user) are set as a target and the arrangement is performed Various known combinatorial optimization methods (genetic algorithm and the like) can be used from random arrangement (S403) to arrangement position change (S407) . The type of the water pressure gauge to be installed is also selected randomly. However, in a case where the water pressure at the installation location cannot be measured (out of the measurement range), the installation is restarted.
In process S404, the process of the area calculation unit 104 is executed. In the area calculation unit 104, the area configuration is calculated based on the given target accuracy and water pressure gauge arrangement position (and the type of water pressure gauge for each arrangement position). The process of the area calculation unit 104 will be described later in detail with reference to FIG. 5.
In process S405, the arrangement evaluation value is calculated for the area configuration. The arrangement evaluation value will be described in a separate section.
In process S406, it is determined whether or not the arrangement evaluation value is the maximum so far. When the arrangement evaluation value is not the maximum, the arrangement position of the water pressure gauge is changed in process S407, and the area calculation is performed again. When the arrangement evaluation value becomes the maximum, the water pressure gauge arrangement position and the arrangement evaluation value are returned in process S408, and the process is ended.
As described above, the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 assumes a plurality of patterns of water pressure gauge arrangement positions under the condition of the given number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy, and extracts the water pressure gauge arrangement position with the highest arrangement evaluation value .
Ideally, the assumed patterns of the water pressure gauge arrangement positions cover all possibilities, but the number of patterns may be limited in advance to shorten the processing time. In that case, the condition of process S406 may include Is the arrangement position change number the upper limit? in OR condition . Alternatively, a desired threshold value may be set for the arrangement evaluation value, and the condition of process S406 may be set as Is the arrangement evaluation value equal to or greater than the threshold value?
Process of Area Calculation Unit (First Half)
FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining process S404 performed by the area calculation unit 104. The area calculation unit 104 calculates the area configuration based on the target accuracy and the water pressure gauge arrangement position (and the type of the water pressure gauge at each arrangement position) given by the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103.
In process S501, the water pressure gauge arrangement position and the target accuracy are received from the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103, and the subsequent process is started.
In process S502, the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 is executed with the set target accuracy. The water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 comprehensively calculates the water pressure change amount at other places when there is water leakage of the target accuracy at each place in the water distribution pipe network.
Process of Water Pressure Change Amount Calculation Unit
In FIG. 6A, the concept of process performed by the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 is described. For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, points A, B, C, D, E, and F are defined at nodes of the pipe network water-distributed from a water storage tank 601. The water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 calculates which water pressure change is occurring in the pipe network when water leakage of the target accuracy occurs at each point.
FIG. 6B is a table diagram showing the relationship between the water leakage position and the water pressure change amount at each node. For example, when the target accuracy is a water leakage amount of 50 m3/h and a water leakage of 50 m3/h occurs at each point of A, B, C, D, E, and F, the water pressure change amount at each point of A, B, C, D, E, and F is as shown in FIG. 6B . For example, when a water leakage of 50 m3/h occurs at point A, the water pressure change amount at point B is minus 0.4m (meter water column), and the water pressure change amount at point C is minus 0.1 m.
Such a pressure change due to water leakage can be obtained by pipe pressure calculation performed by the pipe network calculation unit 106 using the data of the pipe network model database 107 by the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105. At this time, when each point representing the location and leakage point of the water pressure gauge, such as A, B, C, D, E, and F are selected from the coordinates preset in a simulation, the burden of calculation can be reduced. Although the selection of the coordinates is arbitrary, in the embodiment, such a point is selected from the nodes in the pipe network.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining process S502 performed by the water pressure change amount calculation unit
105. The start trigger is a case where there is input of the target accuracy from the area calculation unit 104 . Here, when water leakage occurs with target accuracy at each node in the pipe network, a change in water pressure of the entire pipe network is calculated.
In process S701, the target accuracy from the area calculation unit 104 is acquired. For example, the target accuracy is a water leakage amount of 50 m3/h.
In process S702, the data of the pipe network model is acquired from the pipe network model database 107.
In process S703, the pipe network calculation unit 106 executes pipe network calculation to obtain a calculation result SI at zero water leakage, that is, a state without water leakage (normal time). The calculation result SI includes the normal water pressure value at each node in the pipe network. The result SI is stored in the storage device.
In process S704, one node in the pipe network is selected.
In process S705, the water leakage at the target accuracy (for example, 50 m3/h) is allocated to the selected node. The pipe network calculation result in this state is set as S2. The result S2 is also stored in the storage device.
In process S706, SI and S2 are compared with each other, and the water pressure change in the entire pipe network by the water leakage is stored.
In process S707, it is determined whether a simulation is executed at all nodes. When there is an uncalculated node, one of the nodes is selected in process S708 and a simulation is executed. This operation is performed at each node. Finally, in process S709, the total results of the water pressure change amounts at all the nodes when water leakage occurs at each node in the pipe network are totaled and returned to the area calculation unit 104. The tabulation result may be, for example, a table format as shown in FIG. 6B.
The water leakage setting can be made for all nodes or nodes limited in a certain method (only demanded nodes, and specification by the user) . The water pressure change amounts may also be totaled for all nodes or for limited nodes.
As a specific water pressure calculation method, generally, a pipe network calculation using a pipe network model is performed, and the description thereof is omitted because there is accumulation of known techniques such as the technique disclosed in JP-A-2016-53250.
As described above, the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 calculates the total result of the water pressure change amount at each node, for example, as shown in FIG. 6B for each target accuracy.
Process of Area Calculation Unit (Second Half)
Subsequently, the process of the area calculation unit 104 will be described with reference to FIG. 5. After process S503, based on the total result of the water pressure change amounts at all the nodes obtained from the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 and the water pressure gauge specification obtained from the water pressure gauge specification data 108, for each water pressure gauge, the area where the water pressure gauge can detect water leakage according to the target accuracy is calculated. This performs calculation from the water pressure change amount based on the target accuracy and the significant water pressure change amount based on the specification of the water pressure gauge to be installed.
Referring to FIG. 5 again, the process will be described in detail.
In process S503, one water pressure gauge to be subjected to area calculation is selected from the water pressure gauge arrangement positions which have been arranged and input in process S403.
In process S504, from the water pressure gauge spedfication data 108, the specif ication of the selected water pressure gauge is acquired.
In process S505, a significant change in water pressure in the selected water pressure gauge is calculated. Since water pressure gauge has a measurement error, even when the water pressure is changed due to water leakage, the change cannot be always measured. The significant water pressure change amount means that when the water pressure change amount exceeds the value, the change amount can be measured without being buried in the error. The significant water pressure change amount can basically be determined from the water pressure gauge specification. For example, from the water pressure gauge specification, a measurement error, the number of times of measurement, and the scale width can be acquired. Normally, the measurement error and the scale width can be calculated from the span based on the accuracy class in the water pressure gauge specification data 108. Alternatively, in place of or in addition to the accuracy class, a direct measurement error and a scale width may be stored in the water pressure gauge specification data 108.
The method of determining the significant water pressure change amount is not particularly limited, and for example, the significant water pressure change amount obtained by the experiment or simulation in association with the accuracy class may be stored as data correlated with the water pressure gauge in advance.
In a case where the significant water pressure change amount is obtained on the system side based on the specification the significant water pressure change amount can be calculated with high accuracy based on the water pressure gauge specification and a statistical test. As the statistical test for example, a known test can be used. In a case of using the t test formula, the significant water pressure change amount can be calculated by the statistical test by calculating a degree of freedom from the number of measurement and a standard deviation from the measurement error.
In process S506, the area is determined based on the significant water pressure change amount and the water pressure change amount in the pipe network.
In process S507, it is determined whether or not the area calculation for all the water pressure gauges of the water pressure gauge arrangement positions input in process S501 is completed. When the area calculation is not completed, one unprocessed water pressure gauge is selected in process S508. When the area calculation is completed, the area calculation results are totaled in process S509 and returned to the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103.
With reference to FIG. 8A, the concept of process performed by the area calculation unit will be described. FIG. 8A shows a case where the water pressure gauge at node A is selected in process S503 in the same water distribution pipe network as in FIG. 6A. In process S504, the specification of the water pressure gauge is acguired, and in process S504, a significant water pressure change amount is obtained. In the example of FIG. 8A, the significant water pressure change amount is set to + 0.2 m or more.
In process S506, an area is calculated from the given water pressure gauge arrangement position, water pressure gauge specification, and target accuracy, and the water pressure change amount based on the target accuracy. For the area calculation, first, the calculation result of the water pressure change amount with respect to the target accuracy is acquired from the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105. This data is, for example, data as shown in FIG. 6B.
FIG. 8B is a table diagram showing the relationship between the water leakage position and the water pressure change amount at each node, and the range in which the water pressure change amount with respect to the target accuracy can be detected, and the contents are the same as the data of FIG. 6B. As shown in Fig. 8B, when the water leakage at a target accuracy of 50 m3/h occurred at each of nodes A, B, and C, the water pressure change amounts at node A are -0.7m, -0.5m, and -0.1 m, respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that the range of the water pressure gauge at node A, which can detect a water pressure change of + 0.2 m, is a range from node A to node B. Therefore, the range of the water pressure gauge at node A can set a range of a region 801 as a measurement range, that is, the area. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8A, nodes A and B having a significant water pressure change amount or more are extracted, and a node group is set as an area 801 covered by the water pressure gauge arranged at the node A.
By performing the above process for all the water pressure gauges of the set number, it is possible to determine the area of each water pressure gauge.
In FIGS. 8A and 8B, the water pressure gauge is arranged at node A, the water leakage egual to or more than the target accuracy occurred in the area 801 of the water pressure gauge can be detected by the water pressure gauge at node A. In contrast, detection of a water leakage smaller than the target accuracy occurred in the area 801 cannot be guaranteed by the water pressure gauge at node A. Also, the water pressure gauge at node A does not guarantee detection of water leakage outside the area 801 regardless of the water leakage amount.
When the target accuracy is small, water leakage that occurred far from the water pressure gauge cannot be detected and thus the area becomes small. In contrast, when the target accuracy is large, the influence range of water pressure change due to water leakage increases, and thus the area also becomes large. Therefore, in a case of estimating smaller water leakage (small target accuracy) , the entire pipe network cannot be covered without arranging a large number of water pressure gauges. However, it is possible to estimate smaller water leakage in each area instead. In contrast, in a case of estimating large leakage, even when the number of water pressure gauges is not large enough, there is no problem. However, it is difficult to estimate small water leakage in each area instead. Therefore, there is a trade-off relationship between the target accuracy and the number of water pressure gauges.
Arrangement Evaluation Value
An example of the arrangement evaluation value calculated by the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 in process S405 (FIG. 4) will be described. In the embodiment, the arrangement evaluation value is set such that as the water pressure gauge arrangement covers the entire pipe network with areas and has less overlap such that the water pressure change amounts of the areas are about the same, the evaluation value becomes higher.
The meaning of the arrangement evaluation value is described in FIG.9A. There are two water pressure gauges SI and S2 with a target accuracy of 50 m3/h and a significant water pressure change amount of 0.2m, and the water pressure gauges are installed at nodes A and D as shown in FIG. 9A. In addition, the water leakage position and the water pressure change amount at each node are calculated by the water pressure change amount calculation unit 105 and are as shown in FIG. 9B.
Focusing on the water pressure gauges SI and S2, as shown in FIG. 9A, the area of the water pressure gauge SI becomes a region 901, and the area of the water pressure gauge S2 becomes a region 902 by the calculation of the area calculation unit 104 .
Referring to FIG. 9B, when a water leakage of 50 m3/h occurs at node A, the water pressure change amount in the water pressure gauge S 1 is -0.7 , and the water pressure change amount in the water pressure gauge S2 is -0.0. Thus, it is possible to determine that water leakage occurs in the area of the water pressure gauge SI. Similarly, when a water leakage of 50 m3/h occurs at node C, the water pressure change amount in the water pressure gauge SI is -0.3, and the water pressure change amount in the water pressure gauge S2 is -0.8. Thus, it is possible to determine that there is a higher possibility of water leakage occurring in the area of the water pressure gauge S2. Since such determination can be made, it is possible to limit the area for detailed water leakage investigation and it is possible to reduce the maintenance cost.
However, when a water leakage of 50 m3/h occurs at node B, the water pressure change amount in the water pressure gauge SI is -0.5, and the water pressure change amount in the water pressure gauge S2 is also the same as -0.5. Under such a condition, the area in which water leakage occurs cannot be determined, and a detailed water leakage investigation has to be conducted for the two areas.
Therefore, in order to eliminate blind spots, it is a first condition that the entire pipe network can be covered by the area as much as possible, but a second condition is that the areas do not overlap as much as possible. Under the second condition, it is particularly desirable to avoid that a water leak point is included in the areas of the two water pressure gauges and the water leakage is measured as approximately the same water pressure change amount in the two water pressure gauges. This is because in such a state, the area in which water leakage occurs cannot be determined and a detailed water leakage investigation has to be conducted for the two areas.
As a specific example, an arrangement evaluation value f (x, m) (objective function) used in the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit can be calculated as follows .
f (x, m) = { (Coverage(x, m) - Overlap(x,
m) ) /AllNodes (m) }-E (x, m) where, x: combination of water pressure gauge arrangement positions m: the pipe network model
Coverage: area pipe network coverage
Overlap: area overlapping degree
AllNodes: the total number of nodes in the target pipe network model, and
E: an evaluation function according to other purposes.
Here, as the area pipe network coverage, for example, the total number of nodes belonging to any area can be used. As the area overlapping degree, for example, it is possible to use the total number of nodes which are nodes belonging to a plurality of areas and in which the water pressure change amounts due to water leakage occurring at the nodes is about the same at a plurality of water pressure gauge arrangement positions. The term about the same can be defined that a difference is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, and the user can decide the difference in the experience.
The evaluation function E is optional and may be E = 1. In this case, as the water pressure gauge arrangement covers the entire pipe network with areas and has less overlap such that the water pressure change amounts of the areas are about the same, the evaluation value becomes higher.
The weight according to the purpose can be assigned using E. For example, when the size of each area is the same, E is set as follows.
E (x, m) = w· (l/area_size_variance(x, m) ) area_size_variance is the variance of the size of each area (for example, the extension of the pipeline in the area) , and w is an appropriate weighting coefficient.
As an example of the other evaluation function E, there is an evaluation function that minimizes the installation cost. This can be defined as the r inverse number of the price total of the water pressure gauge to be installed. Alternatively, restriction conditions may be set for the size of the area (pipe extension). In order to set the restriction conditions, in the process of the area calculation unit 104, when the size of the area exceeds a specified value a process of excluding the water pressure gauge arrangement may be added.
In process S405 (FIG. 4), under the condition of the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy set in process 401, the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 calculates arrangement evaluation values for various water pressure gauge arrangement positions . Then, in the loop of process S404 to process S407, the target accuracy at which the arrangement evaluation value becomes the maximum is searched. The search result is sent to the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 and acquired in process S305 (FIG. 3).
The water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 searches the target accuracy (and water pressure gauge arrangement) at which the arrangement evaluation value becomes the maximum in the loop of processes S304 to S307 under the condition of the number of water pressure gauges set in the process 302. The search results are stored as the water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109.
In the above example, an example of an evaluation value to eliminate blind spots of water leakage and reduce the effort of water leakage investigation is shown. However, an arbitrary arrangement evaluation value may be set from another viewpoint. For example, only one of Coverage (x, m) or Overlap (x, m) may be set as the evaluation value . Also, the evaluation value may be determined from another viewpoint such as cost. In the embodiment, it is possible for the system to present the area configuration according to the standard of the set arrangement evaluation value from the randomly generated area configurations .
Water Pressure Gauge Arrangement Result Database
FIG. 10 is a table diagram showing an example of the data format of the water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109. The water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109 stores the calculation results of the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102 and the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103. In the example of FIG. 10, the database includes two tables of water pressure gauge arrangement result information 1001 and water pressure gauge arrangement position information 1002, but the information may be put together in one table or may be divided into three or more tables associated with each other.
The water pressure gauge arrangement result information 1001 holds the calculation result (the target accuracy, the water pressure gauge arrangement position, and the arrangement evaluation value) for a certain number of water pressure gauges . The left of the table is the attribute name and the right is the attribute value. The attribute value is an example, and the item can be omitted or added.
In the example of FIG. 10, the water pressure gauge arrangement result information 1001 shows data of 3 pieces for the number of water pressure gauges, but for each number from the number of water pressure gauges of 1 to the maximum installable number, the same data may be provided. Also, as the target accuracy, the target accuracy at which the arrangement evaluation value becomes the maximum in the set number of water pressure gauges satisfying the condition of process S306 (FIG. 3) is stored. The water pressure gauge arrangement position at that time is stored in the water pressure gauge arrangement position information 1002 identified by The arrangement evaluation value is the maximum arrangement evaluation value in the set number of water pressure gauges satisfying the condition of process S306.
The water pressure gauge arrangement position information 1002 can be called by water pressure gauge arrangement position ID which identifies the table. The water pressure gauge arrangement position information 1002 holds which water pressure gauge is arranged at which position in the pipe network. Therefore, a pair of arrangement node ID which is the arrangement position of the water pressure gauge and arrangement water pressure gauge ID which identifies the water pressure gauge arranged therein is stored. Also, the area range covered by each water pressure gauge is specified by node ID. In the example of FIG. 10, three pairs of data are stored in the water pressure gauge arrangement position information 1002 . The length of the table of the water pressure gauge arrangement position information 1002 changes according to the number of water pressure gauges.
Calculation Result Display Screen
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of the calculation result display screen of the water pressure gauge arrangement position. This screen is generated by the result total and screen output unit 101, displayed on the output device 111 such as a monitor screen, and presented to the user 112.
On a screen 1101, a target pipe network drawing, a water pressure gauge arrangement position, and an area configuration corresponding to each water pressure gauge are displayed. This display data can be generated based on the pipe network model stored in the pipe network model database 107 and the water pressure gauge arrangement and the area range information stored in the water pressure gauge arrangement result database . The displayed water pressure gauge arrangement position and the area configuration change according to the contents selected by the user.
On a screen 1102, a graph of water pressure gauge arrangement results is displayed. The drawing is an example and shows changes in target accuracy and arrangement evaluation values for the number of water pressure gauges. This display data can be generated based on the contents of the water pressure gauge arrangement result database 109. In the example of FIG. 11, the maximum value of the arrangement evaluation value and the target accuracy at that time are shown on the vertical axis corresponding to the horizontal axis which is the number of water pressure gauges to be arranged.
When the desired number of water pressure gauges, target accuracy, or arrangement evaluation value are selected with a marker 1103, the corresponding water pressure gauge arrangement position and area configuration are displayed on the screen 1101 . In the example of FIG . 11, the number of water pressure gauges 2 is selected.
A screen 1104 is a setting screen for changing the contents of the graph displayed on the screen 1102. The horizontal axis of the entire graph and the contents of the vertical axis of the upper graph and the lower graph can be selected. In the example, the number of water pressure gauges is specified on the horizontal axis, the target accuracy is specified on the vertical axis of the upper graph, and the arrangement evaluation value is specified on the vertical axis of the lower graph. Two or more display contents can be specified on the vertical axis of the upper graph and the lower graph, and a graph of two or more axes can be created. Using the data of available databases, in addition to the number of water pressure gauges, target accuracy, and arrangement evaluation value on the vertical and horizontal axes, the water pressure gauge arrangement cost, the size of each area (pipe extension), and the like may be displayed.
As described above, there is a trade-off relationship between the target accuracy and the number of water pressure gauges. When the target accuracy is small, small leakage can be estimated, but a large number of water pressure gauges are required and the cost increases. Based on the graph displayed on the screen 1102, the user can grasp this relationship. By displaying the arrangement evaluation values together, it is possible to determine an effective arrangement according to the needs and to select a desired arrangement.
As described above, in the embodiment, it is possible to present an appropriate water pressure gauge arrangement for each number of water pressure gauges to be installed for the user. Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the available resources and to reduce the cost for water leakage maintenance work.
Second Embodiment
In the first embodiment, a case where the area is constructed by newly arranging a water pressure gauge is described as an example. However, the present invention has the same effect even when an additional water pressure gauge is further added using the existing water pressure gauge.
In this case, the user may designate the existing water pressure gauge arrangement position and designate the area configuration. For example, the position of the existing water pressure gauge and the area are set in advance, and the water pressure gauge to be added may be processed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Changes will be explained with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG.4. Specifically, in process S301 (FIG. 3) of the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit 102, at the initialization of the number of water pressure gauges, the specified number of water pressure gauges instead of 1 (the number of existing water pressure gauges + 1) is set. Then, in process S403 (FIG. 4) of the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103, when the water pressure gauge is randomly arranged, the designated water pressure gauge (existing water pressure gauge) is arranged at the position designated in advance, and the rest is randomly arranged. Also, the maximum installable number of water pressure gauges in S309 (FIG. 3) is set to (number of existing water pressure gauges + number of water pressure gauges which can be additionally installed).
In this manner, it is possible to present an effective area configuration while suing existing facilities.
Third Embodiment
In the first embodiment, the water leakage estimation with the target accuracy is possible and a water pressure gauge arrangement with an excellent arrangement evaluation value is extracted. However, the future water leakage amount, that is, water leakage risk is not considered. First, the merit of considering leakage risk will be described.
FIG. 12 is a table diagram showing an example of leakage risk data 1201 which summarizes future leakage risk at each node of the water distribution pipe network. The future leakage risk for each node A, B, C ... is represented by a unit of future water leakage amount (m3/year). The water leakage risk is not uniform and may be biased by location. Parts with high water leakage risk are, for example, an aged pipe and a pipe in a severe use environment. FIG. 12 is an example showing such water leakage risk in numerical form. In this example, the water leakage risk of nodes C and D is 20 m3/year, which is higher than 5 m3/year of other nodes.
In FIGS. 13A and 13B, an example of an area configuration considering water leakage risk is described using the example of water leakage risk in FIG. 12. According to the first embodiment, it is possible to present a water pressure gauge arrangement method in which the entire pipe network is covered with the areas and the area overlapping is small. For example, when the size of each area is made approximately equal by using the above-described evaluation function E (x), the area configuration as shown in FIG. 13A is presented. In the table of FIG. 13A, the future water leakage amount of each area is shown. The future water leakage amount of the area is the sum of the future water leakage amounts at the nodes included in that area. According to the example of FIG. 13A, the future water leakage amount of area A is 5 + 5 + 20 = 30 and the future water leakage amount of area B is 20 + 5 + 5 = 30.
However, one purpose of estimating the water leakage amount for each area is to estimate the area to have a large water leakage, specify water leakage investigation, and improve efficiency to reduce the cost for water leakage. In that regard, in the area conf igurat ion method of FIG . 13A, there is a possibility that both areas A and B have the same water leakage amount in the future. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct water leakage investigation at the same ratio for both areas A and B, and it is not possible to narrow the investigation range to a specific area.
Therefore, considering the future water leakage risk, as shown in Fig. 13B, the future leakage risk is intentionally biased for each area. According to the example of FIG. 13B, the future water leakage amount of area A is 5 + 5 + 20 + 20 = 50 and the future water leakage amount of area B is 5 + 5 = 10. As a result, area A becomes wider than the area configuration of FIG. 13A, but the water leakage risk is larger than that of area B. For this reason, in response to future leakage investigation, efforts can be concentrated in area A.
In addition, the area is divided into three regions, nodes A and B are set as area A, nodes C and D are set as area B, and nodes E and F are set as area C. Furthermore, it is possible to narrow the leakage investigation range at nodes C and D in which the water leakage risk is concentrated.
FIG. 14 is an overall configuration diagram of a water pressure gauge arrangement support system according to a third embodiment. The same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the example of FIG. 1, and the description thereof will be omitted. In a water pressure gauge arrangement support system 100a of the third embodiment, a pipeline asset database 1401 storing pipeline asset information is provided. In the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit
103, water leakage risk can be considered based on the pipeline asset information.
FIG. 15 shows a configuration example of the pipeline asset database 1401. The pipeline asset database 1401 is a database that stores information for calculating water leakage risk, such as the number of years of burial and materials of the pipeline. As for the method of reading the database, the left side of the table is the attribute name, the right is the attribute value, and data is stored for each pipe ID that specifies the pipeline. For example, the pipe caliber, extension, flow rate coefficient, the number of years of burial pipe material, and the like are shown. The attribute value is an example. It is assumed that the attribute value string actually has a plurality of rows according to the number of pipelines .
The water leakage risk in each area is calculated from pipeline asset information as follows, for example.
First, the water leakage accident risk [case/km/year] for each pipeline is calculated.
risk (t) = atAb
Here, t represents the number of years of burial of the target pipeline, and a and b represent constants determined by the pipe material and the caliber. For the constants, known constants are used. Alternatively, it may be calculated from water leakage repair records. For example, the pipeline is divided into groups according to the pipe material and the caliber, and then the actual value [case/km/year] of the water leakage accident by burying period is calculated for each group Finally, a constant can be obtained by performing regression analysis and the like based on the actual value.
Next, the water leakage risk [(mA3/h)/year] for each pipeline is calculated.
leak_risk(t) = risk(t) L ρΛ(1/2)
Here, L represents the extension of the pipeline [km], and p represents the average water pressure [m] applied to the pipeline .
Then, the water leakage risk of the pipeline is totaled in each area, and the water leakage risk of the area is calculated.
In the arrangement evaluation value (objective function) considering the water leakage risk, the following expression is introduced to E (x) .
E (x) = w-leak_risk_variance (x)
Here, leak_risk_variance represents the variance of water leakage risk between the areas, and w represents a weighting coefficient. In this manner, it is possible to preferentially select the water pressure gauge arrangement position and the area configuration where the variation in water leakage risk for each area becomes large.
In the above example, from the pipeline asset database
1401, the system calculates the water leakage risk of each pipeline. As another method, water leak risk data 1201 (FIG. 12) may be prepared in advance and used as independent database or may be included in the data of the pipe network model database 107 and used for calculation.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining process S304 performed by the water pressure gauge arrangement position searching unit 103 in FIG. 14. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the configuration of FIG. 4, and the description thereof will be omitted.
In the third embodiment, from the pipeline asset database 1401 in process S1601, the water leakage risk of each pipeline is calculated. Alternatively, when the water leakage risk data 1201 (FIG. 12) is prepared, the water leakage risk data may be directly used.
In process S405a, the arrangement evaluation value for the area configuration is calculated. In the calculation of the arrangement evaluation value, a function having the variance of water leakage risk of each area as a term is used as the evaluation function E as described above.
In the third embodiment, it is possible to extract and present an area configuration which makes the variation of water leakage risk for each area large. At this time, in the result total and screen output unit 101, a numerical value or an indication showing water leakage risk may be made corresponding to each area of the screen 1101 (FIG. 11) displayed on the output device.
In the embodiments described above, it is possible to present the water pressure gauge arrangement position and the area configuration method to a user who uses a water leakage estimation technique using hydraulic analysis and water pressure gauge measurement data, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-2016-53250. At that time, a calculation unit that, using the model simulating the pipe network and the specification of the water pressure gauge to be installed as input, optimally arranges the water pressure gauge based on the given number of water pressure gauges, the target accuracy for determining the shape and size of the area, and the above input, and returns the arrangement position, the area configuration, and an index for evaluating the arrangement position and the area configuration is used. At the time of practical use, a plurality of combinations of the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy are input to the calculation unit, and the obtained results are totaled to present the relationship between the number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy to the user . Based on the determined number of water pressure gauges and the target accuracy, it is possible to present the arrangement position of the water pressure gauge and the area configuration method.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and also includes various modifications. For example, part of the configuration of a certain embodiment may be replaced by the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment may be added to the configuration of a certain. In addition, part of the configuration of each embodiment may be added to, deleted from, and/or replaced by the configuration of another embodiment.

Claims (15)

What is claimed is:
1. A water pressure gauge arrangement support method for supporting arrangement of a water pressure gauge on a pipe network using an information processing device, the method comprising performing following processes using pipe network model data simulating the pipe network, and water pressure gauge specification data including a water pressure gauge specification:
a first process of calculating a plurality of area configurations including an arrangement position of the water pressure gauge to the pipe network and arrangement of areas corresponding to the arrangement position for each of a plurality of conditions including combinations of the number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy based on the pipe network model data and the water pressure gauge specification data;
a second process of calculating an arrangement evaluation value for each of the plurality of area configurations calculated in the first process; and a third process of extracting a candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges from the plurality of area configurations calculated in the first process based on the arrangement evaluation value.
2. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing a fourth process of presenting the number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy corresponding to the candidate to be presented extracted in the third process to a user.
3. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 2, further comprising:
performing a fifth process of presenting an area configuration corresponding to the number of water pressure gauges or target accuracy selected by the user with respect to the presentation of the fourth process to the user.
4. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement evaluation value is calculated using two indices of a pipe network coverage which is a degree of covering the pipe network by the areas and an area overlapping degree in which the areas overlap each other.
5. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 1, wherein for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges, the third process extracts an area configuration, in which the arrangement evaluation value becomes maximum, as a candidate.
6. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 1, wherein the first process performs:
a water pressure change amount calculation process of, when water leakage corresponding to the target accuracy occurs at a predetermined water leakage position in the pipe network, simulating a water pressure change in the pipe network based on the pipe network model data to obtain relationship data between the water leakage position and the water pressure change amount in the pipe network; and an area calculation process of calculating arrangement of the areas corresponding to the arrangement position for each arrangement position of the water pressure gauges to the pipe network based on the water pressure gauge specification data and the relationship data.
7. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 1, wherein when the arrangement evaluation value is represented by an objective function f(x, m) , the objective function f(x, m) can be expressed as follows:
f(x, m) = {(Coverage(x, m) - Overlap(x,
m) ) /AllNodes (m) }-E (x, m) where, x: combination of arrangement positions of water pressure gauges, m: a pipe network model based on the pipe network model data,
Coverage: area pipe network coverage,
Overlap: area overlapping degree,
AllNodes: total number of nodes of a target pipe network model, and
E: an evaluation function.
8. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 7, wherein the area pipe network coverage is the number of nodes of the pipe network model belonging to any area, and the area overlapping degree is a total number of nodes which are nodes of the pipe network model belonging to a plurality of areas and at which a difference between water pressure change amounts at a plurality of water pressure gauge arrangement positions due to water leakage occurring at the nodes is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
9. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 7, wherein the evaluation function is expressed as follows:
E (x, m) = 1 .
10 . The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 7, wherein the evaluation function is expressed as follows:
E (x, m) = w· (l/area_size_variance(x, m) ), where, area_size_variance represents a variance of a size of each area, and w represents a weighting coefficient.
11. The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 7, wherein the evaluation function is expressed as follows:
E (x) = w-leak_risk_variance (x, m) , where
Leak_risk_variance represents a variance of water leakage risk of each area, and w represents a weighting coefficient.
12 . The water pressure gauge arrangement support method according to claim 11, wherein the water leakage risk is calculated from data of pipeline asset database storing at least one of the number of years of burial and a material of a pipeline of the pipe network model, or acquired from water leakage risk data in which future water leakage risk at each node of the pipe network model is stored as a numerical value in advance.
13. A water pressure gauge arrangement support system comprising:
a pipe network model database that stores pipe network model data simulating a pipe network;
a water pressure gauge specification database that stores water pressure gauge specification data including a specification of a water pressure gauge;
a water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit;
an input device; and an output device, wherein the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit calculates a plurality of area configurations including an arrangement position of the water pressure gauge to the pipe network and arrangement of areas corresponding to the arrangement position for each of a plurality of conditions including combinations of the number of water pressure gauges and target accuracy based on the pipe network model data and the water pressure gauge specification data, calculates an arrangement evaluation value for each of the plurality of calculated area configurations, and extracts a candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges from the plurality of calculated area configurations based on the arrangement evaluation value.
14 . The water pressure gauge arrangement support system according to claim 13, further comprising:
a result total and screen output unit, wherein the water pressure gauge arrangement index adjustment and calculation unit sends presentation data in which the target accuracy and the arrangement evaluation are associated with the area configuration being the candidate to be presented for each of the numbers of water pressure gauges to the result total and screen output unit, and the result total and screen output unit displays a display screen on the output device based on the presentation data .
15. The water pressure gauge arrangement support system according to claim 13, wherein the arrangement evaluation value is calculated using two indices of a pipe network coverage which is a degree of covering the pipe network by the areas and an area overlapping degree in which the areas overlap each other, in extraction based on the arrangement evaluation value, the arrangement evaluation value of a large pipe network coverage is more easily extracted than that of a small pipe network coverage, the pipe network coverage being a degree of covering the pipe network by the areas, and the arrangement evaluation value of a small area overlapping degree is more easily extracted than that of a large area overlapping degree, the area overlapping degree being a degree in which the areas overlap each other.
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