GB2565036A - Adaptive media for measurement of blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance - Google Patents
Adaptive media for measurement of blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2565036A GB2565036A GB1708591.1A GB201708591A GB2565036A GB 2565036 A GB2565036 A GB 2565036A GB 201708591 A GB201708591 A GB 201708591A GB 2565036 A GB2565036 A GB 2565036A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- super
- foods
- medication
- user
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 206010022489 Insulin Resistance Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003205 diastolic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006438 vascular health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010012218 Delirium Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003926 Myelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036626 alertness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003759 clinical diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004163 cytometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035487 diastolic blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001497 healthy food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027061 mild cognitive impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000276 sedentary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035488 systolic blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000019206 urinary tract infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0077—Devices for viewing the surface of the body, e.g. camera, magnifying lens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7246—Details of waveform analysis using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
- A61B5/7257—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Fourier transforms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems
- A61B5/7267—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems involving training the classification device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7278—Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesising signals from measured signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/043—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology based on fuzzy logic, fuzzy membership or fuzzy inference, e.g. adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems [ANFIS]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/045—Combinations of networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
- G06N3/084—Backpropagation, e.g. using gradient descent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
- G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
- G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2505/00—Evaluating, monitoring or diagnosing in the context of a particular type of medical care
- A61B2505/07—Home care
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
Abstract
A device (e.g. a mobile phone, smart watch, or wearable device such as glasses) monitors a subject e.g. by video Super-Pulse information is extracted, possibly using a decision tree, representing the best possible pulse wave excluding noise aberrations. The Super-Pulses are stable and repeatable digital volume pulses, characteristic of an individual and similar to a finger print. The Super-Pulse may be characterised by Gaussian coefficients, using minimisation of the difference between it and a suitable Gaussian, giving a unique vector value related for example to variable heart rate or vascular stiffness. A neural network may be trained to determine data from the Super-Pulse. Other bio-markers may be determined such as blood glucose, insulin resistance or blood pressure and the system is non-invasive. The effect of medications, functional foods, vitamins or exercise on baseline glucose or insulin resistance, or the efficacy of a prescribed routine, may be monitored.
Description
The present invention relates to the identification of the on-set of or near onset of Type II Diabetes Myelitis, which is a means of providing simple tests to identify problems which would not normally result in the need for clinical diagnosis. Since it is inappropriate to undertake ambulatory time-of-day blood measurements to determine blood glucose levels, on people who have not been diagnosed with symptoms of Type II diabetes, the use of non-invasive adaptive media as a costeffective imaging cytometry platform installed on a cell-phone or other such device to perform rapid analysis measuring the systemic changes which correspond to impaired insulin resistance is considered of great value. The data so recorded can also be remotely accessed by the user or a competent person such as a physician to review the effectiveness of an intervention medication or to confirm that the patient is taking their medication.
In one embodiment of the invention, the user of the mobile adaptive device, which can be mobile phone, a so called smart watch, a wearable device such as glasses or contact lens or any device including a fixed computer system capable of recoding videos, tracks and records biological and physiological parameters. The user consumes medications or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet regime as prescribed permits the user’s data to be returned to a central registry such that a population-related benefit of the particular medication or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet can be demonstrated in a pseudo parallel use environment such that many thousands of participants’ data can be combined. This type of analysis allows the recording of the change in the health of a typical or average user classified by a number of selected parameters such as age, gender, BMI, country, ethnicity, exercise routine and medication consumed, such that the benefit of the medication or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet can be unequivocally demonstrated. This embodiment is particularly valuable for assessing the change in or improvement in type II diabetes.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the user is an employee of a corporation or organisation in need of medical or occupational health management for example as may be the case with sedentary workers, or workers in locations where dust or solvents are prevalent or particularly for night shift workers be they in general industry or service industries or hospital workers, or military personnel including submariners and astronauts. In such a case the user of the mobile adaptive device is an employee, who is advised to undertake a preferred routine such as exercise or to change their diet to include supplements, vitamins functional of healthy foods. The analysis of the data allows the recording of the change in the health of the user classified by and linked to their medical records including data for a number of selected parameters such as age, gender, BMI, country, ethnicity, exercise routine, medication or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet, sleep period, heart rate and its variability (by way of example, not limited here) such that the benefit of the regiment can be unequivocally demonstrated and actions advised to improve and demonstrate the improvements in health of the subject. This embodiment is particularly useful in cohorts where the user is pre-disposed to weight gain or lack of exercise.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the user of a mobile adaptive device consumes a product which reduces their increase in insulin resistance, as is the case with people experiencing mild cognitive impairment. In this aspect a connected device measures appropriate physiological parameters, and the mobile device system provides an on-screen cognitive test series, specifically related to executive function and memory associated with increase brain glucose or ketone bodies. The user of the mobile adaptive device permits their data to be returned to a central registry such that the population-related benefits of the product which can be medication or a medical food or a food for special medical purpose or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet can be demonstrated in a pseudo parallel clinical trial. In this way the costs of acquiring the long-term efficacy data is reduced by many orders of magnitude. In this context, cognitive confusion or delirium is often associated with urinary tract infections and this invention is particularly useful at eliminating those individuals suffering in this way from cohort cognitive tests.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the mobile device system is dedicated to the Bluetooth of similar finger-tip device and the product which it is connected to. For example, a blood pressure reducing medication which provides a daily dose of the required medication is combined with a mobile phone or smartphone application which are access enabled with a prescribed medication such that the effectiveness can be monitored remotely by a clinician. In this way the effectiveness of the medication can be determined by both the patient, the clinician and the manufacturer of the medication. In addition, the manufacturer gains valuable access to the users’ characteristics, irrespective of the point of prescription.
Methods of Demonstration
For example, a proof of concept trial was undertaken to demonstrate that a finger and facial reflective video using the red, green and blue colour scale was used to measure the pulse wave which characterises the systolic and diastolic or reflective peak. The video signal was converted into a frame brightness value as a simple average of the pixel colour values. The variation over time provides physiological information such as the systolic peak, representing the action of the heart as blood is ejected from the left ventricle and diastolic peak which represents the reflective wave. The heart rate can be determined by undertaking a fast Fourier transform of the input signal and selecting the highest peak frequency associated with the heart beat window. Similarly, the breathing rate can be identified and recorded. It is desirable to minimise the length of time of the video stream to minimise continual variability resulting from artefacts embedded in the signal, such as those arising from movement and the micro-changes on positioning of the camera. It can be shown that there are many difficulties experienced by all such methodologies which are confounded by the presence of noise artefacts. Such noise arises out of subject movement, source light flicker and video light loss. It is desirable to operate the video frame rate greater than 30 fps and that the video sequence used for heart and respiration rate should be no greater than 30 seconds excluding an amount of the signal at the start of the sequence which is discarded. The measurement of the variability of the heart rate, in contrast much be undertaken with greater than 60 seconds of signal in order to capture the desired variability. Therefore in a further embodiment of the invention is a procedure which ensures that the heart and respiration rate sequence is preferably half the heart rate variability sequence with the heart and respiration rate signal analysis being performed at least twice every time the heart rate variability is analysed.
In order to eliminate the noise (motion artefacts) it is necessary to apply signal filtering such that the raw signal can produce a “Super-Pulses” which represent the best possible pulse wave containing all required characteristics but excluding noise aberrations. Noise elimination can also be achieved by reconstructing the “noise base signal” by removing the heart rate and respiration rate frequency peaks from the fast Fourier transform and then reconstructing the “noise” signal by performing an inverse Fourier transform. The noise signal can then be removed from the raw input signal to provide an improved de-noised pulse wave signal.
Unfortunately, it is often found that physiological changes during a test period can create variations in the pulse wave signal which do not have their origins in noise derived from motion artefacts or harmonics. A pulse trace of this type cannot be analysed simply to provide the necessary high quality pulse wave for physiological parameters to be quantified.
Surprisingly, we have discovered that by applying a decision tree we are able to synthesise a pulse wave which is similar in characteristic to an individual’s “fingerprint”. This is unique to an individual and further its shape and characteristics can be modified by the action of a medication or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet and exercise and furthermore can be used to identify the result of consuming food on blood glucose levels. We are able, as a result to synthesise the Gaussian structures of the pulse wave using up to 9 Gaussian curves for which the non-linear constants are each determined by using a non-linear optimisation method whereby the objective “cost” function represented by the minimisation of the sum of the squares of the difference between the Super Pulse and the Gaussian solution. When the constants are determined such that the objective function has a value of <0.0001 the constant vector is converted into an absolute index which is a numeric value which uniquely characterises the individual and changes with medication intake.
In a further embodiment of the invention the start time of the reflective pulse is determined from the Super Pulse and the time dilation between the start of the systole and the onset of the reflective wave together with the distance of travel to the point of measurement provides the pulse wave velocity, a gold standard measure of arterial stiffness index, by the use of a single measurement site.
The Gaussian constants (3 for each curve, so 3 Gaussian curves are covered by 9 constants, 5 by 15 etc.) can be used as part of a test protocol to predict a starting or chronic pulse wave of an individual. It is desirable for the protocol to be aligned with the data analysis being performed. For example, the Variable Heart Rate protocol can be established as the first test conducted soon after waking. This gives access to the chronic baseline, from which further acute tests can be undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness of medications or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet or exercise. In a similar way this protocol can be used to represent the fasting blood glucose level of a user.
The process of optimisation is computationally complex and time consuming, therefore, once a vector characterising the Gaussian constants has been determined, the starting pulse wave can be calculated with little computing power. The starting chronic baseline can be represented by the absolute value of the “fingerprint” Super-Pulse vector, and the change or improvement in the absolute value of the “fingerprint” represents the improvement resulting from consuming a medication. In yet another embodiment of the invention the Super Pulse “fingerprint” can be analysed in such a way as to highlight the change in alertness of the subject, typically be computing the areas under the curve for that part of the Super Pulse representing the systole and the diastole. The ratio of these factors changing as a direct result of a subject undertaking a task where the use of a medication, or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet, or exercise can be demonstrated to directly affect the ratio. In this way the subject’s response the intervention can be measured and presented as an index. In a further embodiment of the invention, the adaptive device can be used to record the medications, functional foods, vitamins, or foods consumed on a daily basis by scanning a barcode. In this way a clear record of consumption can be made without recourse to “after the event” food consumption questionnaires.
The Super-Pulse reconstructed from the Gaussian functions defining the shape of the pulse wave, contains valuable information about the orthogonal orientation of red and white blood cells with respect to time. The orthogonal orientation of the blood cells defines the velocity of the cells. The object of this invention is to obtain a region of interest where it is known that the forward motion of the blood cell is stationary. Herewith we disclose that that point can be identified when the red blood cells have an average orthogonal alignment with the lumen wall. This is the point of the systole. The time stamped systole point is thereafter used as the source of the data for measuring the point of correlation with blood glucose concentration across an effective frozen plane of view.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, is provided a simple low cost method of demonstrating pharmaceutical proof of concept, specifically but not exclusively related to cardiovascular medication or functional foods or vitamins used to reduce blood pressure either acutely or chronically.
The computations and memory required to complete the video pulse wave SuperPulse system is not compatible with current generations of smartphones. As a result the inventors have disclose a system specifically for use with a medication or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet or exercise aimed at reducing the onset of type II diabetes. The system involves recording a video either using the front or back camera of a smartphone or similar adaptive device including a fixed video camera. The videos can be converted from RGB to HVC format. The video stream of interest is selected by identifying a region of interest (ROI) which is defined as a zone within the frame window where the change in brightness is the greatest as measured by the first derivative of the average brightness over a defined quadrant during a pre-assessment or calibration period. The ROI is hereby defined as a region without colour saturation in either the RGB or HVC spectra. This is part of a pre-conditioning or initialising section of the protocol which can also include a controlled relaxation stage in order to minimise motion artefacts and noise. The system also includes access to accelerometer data to restart the sequence if the motion artefacts exceed a certain threshold. All subsequent tests are undertaken using the quadrant of interest as the measurement location. The system ensures that the quadrant of interest is used in the measurement of the video but that the quadrant of interest is re-assessed each time a video is recorded.
The data recorded form the quadrant of interest is recorded at a frame rate commensurate with the adaptive mobile device but never less than 24 Hz, preferably in the range of 30 Hz to 60 Hz or more. Those experienced in the art will understand that the memory and time for computation is proportional to the frame rate but that higher frame rates contain more information but also contain more noise and motion artefacts including micro motion artefacts. Typically, modern smartphones are able to record videos at frame rates higher than 60 Hz but the quality reduces and therefore manufacturers constrain the frame rate to 60 Hz maximum. Furthermore, when a higher frame rate is adopted, the frame data transfer rate cause the video pixel information to be incorrectly recorded. It is therefore vital to maximise the information contained in the video without exceeding the adaptive device’s RAM.
To ensure that this doesn’t occur, the system utilises a short term buffer memory to hold the signal data to allow follow-on video frames to be accessed without overflow. The mobile colour detection system utilises static system functionality to analyse the signal for parameters such as the signal to noise ratio and computes the systolic pulse frequency and the underlying respiration rate, both by fast Fourier transform methods. The signal in the form of a transformed one dimensional vector is sent via an interface to a server system containing the functionality and capability to decompose the video colour signal into the systolic and diastolic signal spectra. The signal is de-noised by the removal of the noise spectra and the resultant signal analysed for Super-Pulses which are characterised as stable and repeatable digital volume pulses. The digital volume pulse of the Super-Pulse is shown to be characteristic of an individual similar to a finger print. The system then characterises the Super-Pulse using non-linear Gaussian curve fitting during which time the signal frequency of the Super-Pulse is amplified to greater than 1000 Hz. The amplification of the Gaussian optimised Super-Pulse allows the identification of the phase angle between the systolic and diastolic pulse waves from which it is easy to determine the time delay which is correlated with the subject’s age and vascular health. The amplified Gaussian optimised Super-Pulse also allows the identification of the depth of the dicrotic notch which is a variable more readily changed by the action of certain medications, functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet and exercise.
The Gaussian coefficients which characterise the Super-Pulse are recorded as a subject vector the absolute value of which provides a convenient and reproducible single numeric Super-Pulse value. The Super-Pulse value allows the acute and chronic changes on vascular health to be recorded and related to other factors such as pulse wave velocity, variable heart rate, stiffness index and flow mediated dilatation and stress and metal fatigue indexes.
Surprisingly, the inventors discovered that when it is required to issue the system to corporate or medically determined users, say those associated with a particular General Practitioner practice, it is necessary to make the system available with a named look, but until now this was required to be downloaded by an individual who is part of the user cohort. Typically all applications published via the main internet sources such as the App Store automatically become available to the general public and therefore any individual is free to download the system onto a mobile adaptive device. This is not appropriate for bespoke systems designed and developed for specific clients who wish to use within a specified cohort. Furthermore, the value of a known cohort of individuals becomes eroded as users who are not part of the cohort install the system on their mobile device. In order to overcome these limitations, the inventors have implemented a system whereby there is a primary system which is made available from a public download host. The system is a core application which has no branches and no specific configurations for any individual organisation or user. In addition to the core application system there is provided a core development system. When a user of the organisation which is in need of a specific configuration registers to use the system, with a specific code provided to them, the system in the public download host, poles the inventors system and the user receives a custom set of details for that code. These can be logo, accent, style and colours via RGB values for example. In this was the system becomes tailored to the needs of the user organisations and restricted to those who are not authorised to be part of the cohort. This system can be maintained with just two files without having to test and debug potentially hundreds of different versions of the system. In a further embodiment of the invention is the use of the system in pre-clinical proof of concept trials and clinical trials in general. In such trials the cohort of individuals which have access to the system must be controlled and managed. The system devised provides the necessary level of control without allowing full public access but is freely available through public download sites.
When all the aforementioned aspects are combined it is possible to identify the correlation of the power spectral density of the recorded information and utilise that information to correlate with measure insulin resistance. The inventors have developed a system which relates the all the aforementioned aspects of noninvasive video reflective pulse wave analysis using an adaptive device to invasively measured bio-markers. Examples of which are insulin resistance, blood glucose concentration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and core temperature. In order to achieve the relationship between the non-invasively measured and invasively measured bio-markers, it is necessary to establish, dimensionally normalise and train a neural network using real invasively measure data containing a number of hidden nodes or deep nodes that allows a large number of parameters contained within the “super pulse” or analysis of the “super pulse” as herein described to be directly related to the bio-marker. In this way the inventors have shown that it is possible to accurately determine blood glucose, insulin resistance and blood pressure values for a user from non-invasive reflective video Photoplethysmograms. Furthermore, the inventors have shown that the effect of medications, functional foods, vitamins, or foods consumed on a daily basis or exercise can be reflected in the baseline blood glucose levels and a general improvement in (reduction of) insulin resistance.
It will be appreciated that the term “treatment” and “treating” as used herein means the management and care of a patient or subject for the purpose of combating a condition, such as a disease or a disorder or health issue related to over work, stress or burnout. The terms treatment of treating are intended to include the full spectrum of treatments for a given condition from which the patient is suffering, such as administration of the active compound to alleviate the symptoms or complications, to delay the progression of the disease, disorder or condition, to alleviate or relief the symptoms and complications, and/or to cure or eliminate the disease, disorder or condition as well as to prevent the condition, wherein prevention is to be understood as the management and care of a patient or subject for the purpose of combating the disease, condition, or disorder and includes the administration of the active compounds or functional foods, vitamins, or foods in a changed diet or exercise to prevent the onset of the symptoms or complications. The patient to be treated is preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, but it may also include animals, such as dogs, cats, cows, sheep, horses and pigs.
Claims (15)
1. An adaptive media such as a mobile phone, wearable device, tablet computer or computer which contains a system to read, record, analyse and display the glucose and insulin resistance of a user and the health related benefits of any medications, functional foods, vitamins, or foods consumed on a daily basis or exercise routine by way of the synthesis of a Super-Pulse as defined herein, and to the use of the information thereof to guide the users’ improvement in health.
2. A system, according to Claim 1, which is capable of monitoring and displaying information embodied in the Super-Pulse recorded by the adaptive media device, mobile phone, wearable device or tablet computer or computer which provides a way of verifying the efficacy of a prescribed routine to reduce the user’s insulin resistance and/or blood glucose levels over time.
3. A system according to Claim 2 whereby the information embodied in the user’s Super-Pulse is related directly through a neural network and trained using time synchronised invasively measured bio-markers.
4. A system according to Claim 2 and Claim 3 where a particular bio-marker is Insulin Resistance.
5. A system according to Claim 2 and Claim 3 where a particular bio-marker is Blood Glucose Level.
6. A system according to Claim 4 and Claim 5 whereby the Super-Pulse contains a particular artefact which represents the quasi-stationary point of blood flow.
7. A system according to Claim 2, which can be downloaded and installed onto adaptive media, mobile phone, wearable device, tablet computer or computer which is capable of being made available to the public via a public download site, which is capable of being accessed only by users residing within an approved cohort of individuals, such cohort being members of a class, such as a disease grouping, a group of employees or any other cohort as may be considered of interest. The system when installed is capable of receiving information containing specific instructions for use, logo’s style, user test protocol information or other such information, such that the results associated with the cohort may be identified and processed as a cohort or as individuals to determine the benefits as described in Claims 1 and 2.
8. A system according to claim 3, which can be downloaded and installed onto adaptive media, mobile phone, wearable device, tablet computer or computer by scanning a barcode present on the packaging of a medication, functional foods, vitamin, or foods such that the scanned item is related to the system only from which the provider of the medication, functional foods, vitamin, or food or exercise regime as well as or in addition to a prescribing clinician, monitoring organisation or individual is able to gain specific information relating to the product user cohort and the efficacy of the product resulting from its regular use.
9. A system according to claims 1 to 5 that is capable of interpreting the data into a Super-Pulse and to analyse the Super-Pulse to provide a unique numerical value of the Super-Pulse which can be used to present acute and chronic changes in health and further to analyse the data to give heart rate (BPM), respiration rate, variable heart rate, blood gas saturation, stiffness index, peak-to-peak time, vascular age, left ventricle eject time and other parameters such as augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, stress index and any other non-invasive measurement.
10. A system according to claim 9 which is capable of recording successive data such that they form a series which can be displayed to provide the user with a history of results following the consumption of a medication, functional foods, vitamin, or foods in a changed diet or exercise regime whereby the readings taken before the change provide the chronic baseline data and readings taken after consumption of a medication provides the acute changes.
11. A system according to claim 10 whereby the successive data records are returned to a central depository of data which can subsequently be used to demonstrate the benefit to the subject, of the medication, functional foods, vitamin, or foods in a changed diet or exercise.
12. A system according to claims 3, 10 and 11 which is capable of recording data such that the proof of efficacy of a pharmaceutical medication, functional foods, vitamin, or foods in a changed diet can be determined at low cost amongst selected users or cohorts to prove early stage concept efficacy.
13. A system according to the preceding claims whereby a machine learning decision tree is used to synthesise the Super-Pulse.
14. A system according the preceding claims whereby the Super-Pulse is characteristic of an individual and may be used to confirm the identity of the individual using the mobile adaptive device. In this way the user identity becomes integral to the system described in the preceding claims to ensure the integrity of cohort data.
15. A system according to the preceding claims whereby changes to the derived Super-Pulse are related through machine learning techniques to the health characteristics within the general population.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1708591.1A GB2565036A (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2017-05-30 | Adaptive media for measurement of blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance |
GB1802976.9A GB2563112A (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-02-23 | An apparatus and method |
PCT/EP2018/064256 WO2018220052A1 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | An apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1708591.1A GB2565036A (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2017-05-30 | Adaptive media for measurement of blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB201708591D0 GB201708591D0 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
GB2565036A true GB2565036A (en) | 2019-02-06 |
Family
ID=59270816
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1708591.1A Withdrawn GB2565036A (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2017-05-30 | Adaptive media for measurement of blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance |
GB1802976.9A Withdrawn GB2563112A (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-02-23 | An apparatus and method |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1802976.9A Withdrawn GB2563112A (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-02-23 | An apparatus and method |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (2) | GB2565036A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018220052A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GR20180100577A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-16 | Χαραλαμπια Χρηστος Πυλαρινου | Method and system for non-invasive glucose / diabetes diagnosis and monitoring |
WO2020255840A1 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-24 | ソニー株式会社 | Information processing device, information processing method, and program |
US11826129B2 (en) * | 2019-10-07 | 2023-11-28 | Owlet Baby Care, Inc. | Heart rate prediction from a photoplethysmogram |
CN111543977B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2023-04-07 | 益体康(北京)科技有限公司 | Multi-cascade artificial intelligence vagina discharge method based on 12-lead resting electrocardiogram |
US20230277069A1 (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Google Llc | Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate Measurements from Imagery |
WO2022200985A1 (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-09-29 | Ayur.Ai (Opc) Private Limited | Smart wearable device and method for estimating traditional medicine system parameters |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140275852A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-09-18 | Fitbit, Inc. | Wearable heart rate monitor |
WO2015003938A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | System for screening of the state of oxygenation of a subject |
WO2015150096A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Device, system and method for determining vital signs of a subject |
WO2016097708A1 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-23 | Isis Innovation Limited | Method and apparatus for measuring and displaying a haemodynamic parameter |
US20160310084A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-10-27 | Tata Consultancy Services Limited | Method and system for noise cleaning of photoplethysmogram signals |
CN106491117A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-15 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | A kind of signal processing method and device based on PPG heart rate measurement technology |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6393311B1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2002-05-21 | Ntc Technology Inc. | Method, apparatus and system for removing motion artifacts from measurements of bodily parameters |
ES2396844B1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2014-01-27 | Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya | System and method for simultaneous and non-invasive estimation of blood glucose, glucocorticoid level and blood pressure |
US20130184517A1 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-07-18 | Ronda Collier | System and Method for Measuring and Controlling Stress |
AU2013308400A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2015-03-12 | University Of Technology, Sydney | Method and apparatus for identifying hyperglycaemia |
US10430942B2 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2019-10-01 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Image analysis for predicting body weight in humans |
KR20170048970A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method of estimating blood pressure |
-
2017
- 2017-05-30 GB GB1708591.1A patent/GB2565036A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-02-23 GB GB1802976.9A patent/GB2563112A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-30 WO PCT/EP2018/064256 patent/WO2018220052A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140275852A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-09-18 | Fitbit, Inc. | Wearable heart rate monitor |
WO2015003938A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | System for screening of the state of oxygenation of a subject |
WO2015150096A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Device, system and method for determining vital signs of a subject |
WO2016097708A1 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-23 | Isis Innovation Limited | Method and apparatus for measuring and displaying a haemodynamic parameter |
US20160310084A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-10-27 | Tata Consultancy Services Limited | Method and system for noise cleaning of photoplethysmogram signals |
CN106491117A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-15 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | A kind of signal processing method and device based on PPG heart rate measurement technology |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018220052A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
GB201708591D0 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
GB2563112A (en) | 2018-12-05 |
GB201802976D0 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
GB2565036A (en) | Adaptive media for measurement of blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance | |
Nakanishi et al. | Detecting glaucoma with a portable brain-computer interface for objective assessment of visual function loss | |
Alberdi et al. | On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey | |
Umair et al. | HRV and stress: A mixed-methods approach for comparison of wearable heart rate sensors for biofeedback | |
Akbulut et al. | Wearable sensor-based evaluation of psychosocial stress in patients with metabolic syndrome | |
CN105792758B (en) | Estimating device, recording medium and deduction system | |
Tayfur et al. | Reliability of smartphone measurements of vital parameters: a prospective study using a reference method | |
US20240091623A1 (en) | System and method for client-side physiological condition estimations based on a video of an individual | |
JP3790266B2 (en) | Fatigue level evaluation apparatus, fatigue level evaluation apparatus control method, fatigue level evaluation program, and recording medium recording the program | |
Finnegan et al. | Pulse arrival time as a surrogate of blood pressure | |
Sander et al. | Extent of cerebral white matter lesions is related to changes of circadian blood pressure rhythmicity | |
Benedetto et al. | Remote heart rate monitoring-Assessment of the Facereader rPPg by Noldus | |
Lam Po Tang et al. | Non-contact quantification of jugular venous pulse waveforms from skin displacements | |
Khan et al. | Game induced emotion analysis using electroencephalography | |
Keezer et al. | The diagnostic accuracy of prolonged ambulatory versus routine EEG | |
Adochiei et al. | Complex Embedded System for Stress Quantification | |
Hassan et al. | Assessing blood vessel perfusion and vital signs through retinal imaging photoplethysmography | |
Chu et al. | Non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement and SpO2 estimation using PPG signal: A deep learning framework | |
US20220183561A1 (en) | Generating imaging-based neurological state biomarkers and estimating cerebrospinal fluid (csf) dynamics based on coupled neural and csf oscillations during sleep | |
US20220254502A1 (en) | System, method and apparatus for non-invasive & non-contact monitoring of health racterstics using artificial intelligence (ai) | |
US10070812B2 (en) | Method for improved seizure detection | |
Labounková et al. | Heart rate and age modulate retinal pulsatile patterns | |
Fleischhauer et al. | Photoplethysmography upon cold stress—impact of measurement site and acquisition mode | |
Betz-Stablein et al. | Modelling retinal pulsatile blood flow from video data | |
Melcer et al. | Wavelet representation of the corneal pulse for detecting ocular dicrotism |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
COOA | Change in applicant's name or ownership of the application |
Owner name: BIOEPIC LTD Free format text: FORMER OWNERS: RICHARD JOHN WOOD;DOMINIC ADAM WOOD;KATHERINE BIBBINGS;ALEXANDER BENNETT;BIOEPIC LIMITED |
|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |