GB2559779A - System and method of supplying steam - Google Patents

System and method of supplying steam Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2559779A
GB2559779A GB1702633.7A GB201702633A GB2559779A GB 2559779 A GB2559779 A GB 2559779A GB 201702633 A GB201702633 A GB 201702633A GB 2559779 A GB2559779 A GB 2559779A
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Prior art keywords
water
steam
solid charge
renewable energy
path
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GB1702633.7A
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GB201702633D0 (en
GB2559779B (en
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Anthony Richardson Nicholas
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Priority to GB1702633.7A priority Critical patent/GB2559779B/en
Publication of GB201702633D0 publication Critical patent/GB201702633D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2018/050420 priority patent/WO2018150194A1/en
Publication of GB2559779A publication Critical patent/GB2559779A/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/186Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using electric heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/281Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically other than by electrical resistances or electrodes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/282Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water or steam circulating in tubes or ducts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02Induction heating
    • H05B6/10Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

A system for supplying a continuous supply of steam comprises a main source of water, wherein optionally the water is provided at least in part as steam; a renewable energy generator 10 arranged to provide a supply of electricity from a source of renewable energy; and an induction heater 18 comprising an induction coil 16 and a solid charge 20, wherein: the induction coil 16 is arranged to receive power from the generator to hear the solid charge 20; and the solid charge 20 comprises one or more inlets 21 in communication with the main source of water, one or more outlets 22 for supplying steam, and one or more fluid flow channels 25 extending between the inlets and the outlets.

Description

Abstract Title: System and method of supplying steam (57) A system for supplying a continuous supply of steam comprises a main source of water, wherein optionally the water is provided at least in part as steam; a renewable energy generator 10 arranged to provide a supply of electricity from a source of renewable energy; and an induction heater 18 comprising an induction coil 16 and a solid charge 20, wherein: the induction coil 16 is arranged to receive power from the generator to hear the solid charge 20; and the solid charge 20 comprises one or more inlets 21 in communication with the main source of water, one or more outlets 22 for supplying steam, and one or more fluid flow channels 25 extending between the inlets and the outlets.
Figure GB2559779A_D0001
At least one drawing originally filed was informal and the print reproduced here is taken from a later filed formal copy.
/1
05 18
Figure GB2559779A_D0002
FIG. 1
System and method of supplying steam
The present invention relates to the use of renewable energy for providing a supply of steam. Particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relates to the supply of steam on a large scale using renewable energy that may provide only an interrupted supply of electricity.
Existing large-scale uninterrupted steam supplies are generally based on fossil fuelled boilers (mainly coal, natural gas, diesel, gasoil, heavy fuel oil) or nuclear powered boilers.
It is desirable to be able to provide a reliable high volume source of steam for use remote in industrial applications, such as for use in a mine. The use of renewable energy provides a useful source of energy for remote locations. However, renewable energy is typically intermittent in its supply. There is therefore a need to provide a system and method for supplying steam that is not dependent upon an uninterrupted power supply.
According to the invention there is provided a system and method as defined by the claims.
Throughout the following description and in the claims, the phrase “renewable energy generator” is intended to mean a generator that generates electricity from a renewable energy source, such as solar power or wind power.
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same may be put into effect, reference is now made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a system in accordance with the invention.
As can be seen in Figure 1, an embodiment of a system in accordance with the invention comprises: a main source of water (and/or steam) 30; a renewable energy generator 10; and an induction heater 18.
The renewable energy generator 10 is arranged to directly supply electricity to the induction heater 18. The renewable energy generator 10 may be any form of renewable energy generator, but typically will include solar panels 2 (e.g. photovoltaic cells) and/or wind power 4 (e.g. wind turbines).
Typically, the renewable energy generator 10 is arranged to intermittently provide power in the range 10 MW to 100 MW, more preferably 50 MW to 100 MW. That is, it is preferable for the generator 10 (for example, a plurality of solar panels and/or wind turbines) to have a maximum output (MWp) in this range.
The renewable energy generator 10 will provide high power at peak times, for example, powers in excess of 10 MW may be generated.
For example, suitable photovoltaic panels may collectively have an area of at least 100 acres, preferably 500 acres.
Alternatively, tidal power may be used instead of, or in addition to, solar 2 and wind 4 power. Also considered are offshore wind turbines.
Typically, but not always, the electrical supply will be direct current and so it is preferable to provide an inverter 12 to convert the direct current into alternating current.
A transformer 14 may be provided if it is necessary to change the voltage of the supplied electricity. The transformer 14 receive current from the inverter 12. Preferably, a transformer is provided to convert the step up the voltage to, for example at least 11 kV minimum. Such a transformer will be designed to transmit a power in the range 11 kVA to 66 kVA, and preferably around 33 kVA.
Preferably, the induction heater 18 is powered only by the renewable energy generator 10. However, optionally, some other electrical energy storage (not shown) may be provided. Such electrical energy storage may be charged with the renewable energy generator 10.
The induction heater 18 comprises an induction coil 16 and a solid charge 20 (i.e. a solid mass). The induction coil 16 is arranged to receive power from the generator 10 to heat the solid charge 20. For example, the coil 16 may be coiled around the solid charge 20. As is known in the art of induction heaters, the solid charge 20 is formed of a material that will generate eddy currents in the presence of an alternating magnetic field, and the eddy currents in turn generate heat.
-3Whilst the renewable energy supply 10 can provide the necessary power to the induction heater 18 when power is available (e.g. during sufficient winds and/or during daylight hours), the supply will inevitably be intermittent and unpredictable.
Therefore, it is necessary to use a large solid charge 20 for retaining heat when there is no electricity supplied by the renewable means. Furthermore, the solid charge 20 is preferably encased in insulating material, such as refractory bricks.
For example, it is preferable that the solid charge 20 has a mass of at least 30,000 kg, most preferably 30,000 kg to 125,000 kg.
Suitable materials for such a solid charge 20 include: steel, in particular martensitic or ferritic steel; and any ferrous metal or alloys thereof.
The solid charge 20 may therefore be manufactured by casting.
The solid charge 20 comprises one or more inlets 21 for receiving water and one or more outlets 22 for supplying steam.
One or more fluid flow channels 25 extend between the inlet(s) 21 and the outlet(s) 22. The flow channel(s) 25 preferably are formed with inwardly extending vanes to provide a large area of contact between the channel 25 and fluid therein. Optionally, the flow channel(s) 25 may extend through the solid charge 20 by a serpentine/labyrinthine path.
The inlets 21 may be supplied with water from a main source of water 20. Optionally, the water may be preheated to form steam or may be a mixture of steam and water.
The main source of water may be under pressure (for example, it may be stored at a greater height than the rest of the system). However, optionally, a pump may be provided to pump the water into the solid charge 20.
It is possible to use the steam leaving the outlets 22 of the solid charge 20 to supply industrial processes directly. However, it is preferred to recirculate this flow of steam back to the main source of water 30.
-4A supply of steam may be provided for a user to use in a process 200 by using a heat exchanger 60. The heat exchanger 60 comprises a first path 65 and a second path 66 and is arranged for heat to pass from the first path 65 to the second path 66 by conduction therebetween as is known in the art. This can allow a more flexible delivery of steam to the end user.
The outlet of the solid charge 20 is connected to the main source of water 30 via the first path 65 to provide a main circuit 70 for recirculating steam and/or any water to the source of water 30. The main circuit 70 may circulate just steam/water (i.e. steam and/or water) although it is preferred to circulate a mix of water and glycol.
A steam delivery system comprises a secondary source of water 140 in communication with the inlet 63 of the second path 66 and delivery means 110 for delivering steam from the outlet 64 of the second path 66 to a user. Since the user may require delivery of steam to the process 200 on an intermittent basis, a secondary circuit 80 is formed for recirculating steam and/or water not delivered to a user back to the secondary source of water 140.
Alternatively, the main source of water 30 may be used in place of the further, secondary source of water 140.
The secondary circuit 80 may comprises a pressure vessel 120 for storing steam, e.g. on a short-term basis. This can provide a volume from which users can draw upon.
The secondary circuit 80 may comprises a steam recovery unit 130.
From the description above, it can be seen that a constant flow of steam may be provided irrespective of the intermittent nature of the renewable energy source.
In some case, it may also be preferable to provide a stable source of electricity that is not dependent upon the renewable source. In which case, the main circuit 70 (and/or, optionally, the secondary circuit 80) also may preferably include a steam turbine generator 40, 50 for generating electricity. The steam turbine generator may comprise a turbine 40 that drives a generator 50 to rotate to thereby generate electricity.
-5Embodiments of the invention may be used in a method comprising: providing a supply of electricity using a renewable energy generator 10; heating a solid charge 20 using an induction coil 16 powered by the renewable energy generator 10; providing a main source of water 30 to one or more inlets 21 in communication with one or more fluid flow channels 25 extending through the solid charge 20; and outputting steam from one or more outlets 22 in communication with the one or more fluid flow channels 25.
Preferably, the solid charge 20 is heated to temperatures of at least 600°C, and preferably up to 850°C when power is available. However, heating may be stopped if the solid charge 20 approaches its melting point. At which point, electricity may be stored in the electrical energy storage discussed above, or used to power other local systems.
In such a method, it may be the case that the renewable energy generator 10 intermittently provides no power. In which case, the system may still supply power from the steam turbine generator 40, 50 with steam from the one or more outlets 22 and generate electricity with the steam turbine generator 40, 50.
Furthermore, the system preferably still delivers water to the inlet 21 of the solid charge 20 even when the renewable energy generator 10 is not generating electricity to power the induction coil 16. During that time, steam may be delivered on demand to a user via the second path 66 and delivery means 110.
The various components of the system may be controlled by an electronic controller (not shown), which is programmed with one or more operating modes.
In a first operating mode, the controller commands the system to deliver water from the main source of water 30 to the inlet 21 of the solid charge 20 continuously and independently of whether the renewable energy generator 10 is generating electricity and powering the induction coil 16.
In a second operating mode, the controller commands the system to circulate water/steam continuously through the main circuit 70 independently of whether the renewable energy generator 10 is generating electricity and powering the induction heater 18. At the same time, the controller commands the system to circulate water/steam continuously through the secondary circuit 80 with steam being delivered on demand to a user via delivery
-6means 110. Fluid lost from the secondary circuit 80 is replaced with fluid from the secondary water source 140 or main water source 30.

Claims (23)

CLAIMS:
1. A system for supplying a continuous supply of steam comprising:
a main source of water, wherein optionally the water is provided at least in part as steam;
a renewable energy generator arranged to provide a supply of electricity from a source of renewable energy; and an induction heater comprising an induction coil and a solid charge, wherein:
the induction coil is arranged to receive power from the generator to heat the solid charge; and the solid charge comprises one or more inlets in communication with the main source of water, one or more outlets for supplying steam, and one or more fluid flow channels extending between the inlets and the outlets.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the solid charge has a mass of at least 30,000 kg.
3. The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the solid charge comprises or is formed of one or more of: steel; martensitic steel; ferritic steel; a ferrous metal; and/or any alloy thereof.
4. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the solid charge is encased in refractory material.
5. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the renewable energy generator is arranged to provide peak power of at least 10 MW.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the renewable energy generator is arranged to provide peak power of at least 50 MW
7. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the renewable energy generator comprises photovoltaic panels having an area of at least 100 acres.
8. The system of any preceding claim wherein the outlets are in communication with a steam turbine generator for generating electricity.
-89. The system of any preceding claim, further comprising a heat exchanger and a steam delivery system, wherein:
the heat exchanger comprises first and second paths for exchanging heat therebetween;
the outlet of the solid charge is connected to the main source of water via the first path to provide a main circuit for recirculating steam and/or water to the source of water; and the steam delivery system comprises the main or a secondary source of water in communication with the second path and means for delivering heated steam from the second path to a user.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the second path forms part of a secondary circuit for recirculating steam and/or water not delivered to a user back to the main or secondary source of water.
11. The system of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the second path comprises a pressure vessel.
12. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the system has an operating mode in which water is delivered from the main source of water to the inlet of the solid charge continuously and independently of whether the renewable energy generator is generating electricity and powering the induction heater.
13. The system of any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the system has an operating mode in which:
water is circulated continuously through the main circuit independently of whether the renewable energy generator is generating electricity and powering the induction heater; and heated steam is delivered on demand to a user via the second path.
14. A method of supplying steam comprising:
providing a supply of electricity generated by a generator from a source of renewable energy;
-9heating a solid charge using an induction coil powered by the renewable energy generator, the solid charge one or more fluid flow channels extending through the solid charge from one or more inlets to one or more outlets;
providing a main source of water to the one or more inlets, wherein the water may optionally be provided at least in part in the form of steam; and outputting heated steam from the one or more outlets.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the solid charge has a mass of at least 30,000 kg.
16. The method of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the solid charge comprises or is formed of one or more of: steel; steel; martensitic steel; ferritic steel; a ferrous metal; and/or any alloy thereof.
17. The method of any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the solid charge is encased in refractory material.
18. The method of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the renewable energy generator intermittently provides no power and intermittently provides power of at least 10 MW.
19. The method of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the renewable energy generator comprises photovoltaic panels having an area of at least 100 acres.
20. The method of any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising supplying a steam turbine generator with steam from the one or more outlets and generating electricity with the steam turbine generator.
21. The method of any one of claims 14 to 20, further comprising: supplying steam from the one or more outlets to a first path through a heat exchanger;
recirculating steam and/or water from the first path to the source of water; supplying water to a second path through the heat exchanger from the main or a secondary source of water, wherein the secondary source of water may optionally provide water at least in part in the form of steam;
transferring heat from the first path to the second path; and delivering heated steam from the second path.
- IQ22. The method of claim 23, further comprising recirculating at least some steam and/or water back to the main or secondary source of water.
5 23. The method of any one of claims 14 to 22, further comprising delivering water to the inlet of the solid charge when the renewable energy generator is not generating electricity to power the induction heater.
24. The method of claim 21 or 22, further comprising delivering water to the inlet of the
10 solid charge when the renewable energy generator is not generating electricity to power the induction heater while delivering steam on demand to a user via the second path.
Amendments to the claims have been
26 04 18
CLAIMS:
1. A system for supplying a continuous supply of steam comprising: a main source of water;
a renewable energy generator arranged to provide a supply of electricity from a
5 source of renewable energy; and an induction heater comprising:
an induction coil; and a solid charge for generating eddy currents in the presence of an alternating magnetic field,
10 wherein:
the induction coil is arranged to receive power from the generator to heat the solid charge;
the solid charge comprises one or more inlets in communication with the main source of water, one or more outlets for supplying steam, and one or more fluid flow
15 channels extending between the inlets and the outlets; and the solid charge has a mass of at least 30,000 kg.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the water is provided at least in part as steam.
20 3. The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the solid charge comprises or is formed of one or more of: steel; martensitic steel; ferritic steel; a ferrous metal; and/or any alloy thereof.
4. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the solid charge is encased in
25 refractory material.
5. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the renewable energy generator is arranged to provide peak power of at least 10 MW.
30 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the renewable energy generator is arranged to provide peak power of at least 50 MW.
7. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the renewable energy generator comprises photovoltaic panels having an area of at least 100 acres (0.4047 km2).
26 04 18
8. The system of any preceding claim wherein the outlets are in communication with a steam turbine generator for generating electricity.
9. The system of any preceding claim, further comprising a heat exchanger and a
5 steam delivery system, wherein:
the heat exchanger comprises first and second paths for exchanging heat therebetween;
the outlet of the solid charge is connected to the main source of water via the first path to provide a main circuit for recirculating steam and/or water to the source of water;
10 and the steam delivery system comprises the main or a secondary source of water in communication with the second path and means for delivering heated steam from the second path to a user.
15 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the second path forms part of a secondary circuit for recirculating steam and/or water not delivered to a user back to the main or secondary source of water.
11. The system of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the second path comprises a pressure
20 vessel.
12. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the system has an operating mode in which water is delivered from the main source of water to the inlet of the solid charge continuously and independently of whether the renewable energy generator is generating
25 electricity and powering the induction heater.
13. The system of any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the system has an operating mode in which:
water is circulated continuously through the main circuit independently of whether
30 the renewable energy generator is generating electricity and powering the induction heater; and heated steam is delivered on demand to a user via the second path.
14. A method of supplying steam comprising:
26 04 18 providing a supply of electricity generated by a generator from a source of renewable energy;
heating a solid charge for generating eddy currents in the presence of an alternating magnetic field using an induction coil powered by the renewable energy generator, the
5 solid charge comprising one or more fluid flow channels extending through the solid charge from one or more inlets to one or more outlets;
providing a main source of water to the one or more inlets;
outputting heated steam from the one or more outlets;
delivering water to the inlet of the solid charge when the renewable energy
10 generator is not generating electricity to power the induction heater, wherein the solid charge has a mass of at least 30,000 kg.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the water is provided at least in part in the form of steam.
16. The method of any one of claims 14 to 15, wherein the solid charge comprises or is formed of one or more of: steel; steel; martensitic steel; ferritic steel; a ferrous metal; and/or any alloy thereof.
20
17. The method of any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the solid charge is encased in refractory material.
18. The method of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the renewable energy generator intermittently provides no power and intermittently provides power of at least 10 MW.
19. The method of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the renewable energy generator comprises photovoltaic panels having an area of at least 100 acres (0.4047 km2).
20. The method of any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising supplying a steam 30 turbine generator with steam from the one or more outlets and generating electricity with the steam turbine generator.
21. The method of any one of claims 14 to 20, further comprising: supplying steam from the one or more outlets to a first path through a heat
35 exchanger;
recirculating steam and/or water from the first path to the source of water; supplying water to a second path through the heat exchanger from the main or a secondary source of water, wherein the secondary source of water may optionally provide water at least in part in the form of steam;
5 transferring heat from the first path to the second path; and delivering heated steam from the second path.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising recirculating at least some steam and/or water back to the main or secondary source of water.
23. The method of claim 21 or 22, further comprising delivering water to the inlet of the solid charge when the renewable energy generator is not generating electricity to power the induction heater while delivering steam on demand to a user via the second path.
26 04 18
Intellectual
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