GB2550900A - Remote monitoring of process stream - Google Patents

Remote monitoring of process stream Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2550900A
GB2550900A GB1609410.4A GB201609410A GB2550900A GB 2550900 A GB2550900 A GB 2550900A GB 201609410 A GB201609410 A GB 201609410A GB 2550900 A GB2550900 A GB 2550900A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
process stream
location
pressure
sample
gas
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Granted
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GB1609410.4A
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GB2550900B (en
GB201609410D0 (en
Inventor
Matias Dupuy Pablo
Faanes Audun
Vegard Løkken Torbjørn
Bersås Hansen Anita
Christin Widerøe Hege
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Equinor Energy AS
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Statoil Petroleum ASA
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Priority to GB1609410.4A priority Critical patent/GB2550900B/en
Publication of GB201609410D0 publication Critical patent/GB201609410D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2017/051538 priority patent/WO2017203300A1/en
Publication of GB2550900A publication Critical patent/GB2550900A/en
Priority to NO20181521A priority patent/NO347153B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2550900B publication Critical patent/GB2550900B/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/30—Sample handling arrangements, e.g. sample cells, spinning mechanisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/30—Sample handling arrangements, e.g. sample cells, spinning mechanisms
    • G01R33/305—Sample handling arrangements, e.g. sample cells, spinning mechanisms specially adapted for high-pressure applications

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

A method for remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream 10 comprises the steps of taking a sample of gas from a first location in the process stream, analyzing the gas to determine quality parameters, sending signals relating to the quality parameters to a control unit, and returning the sample of gas to the process stream at a second location, where the pressure of the process stream is higher at the first location than at the second location. The analyser 21 may be a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unit. The pressure of the sample may be conditioned by increasing the pressure of the sample using a hydraulic booster (fig 2, 30) prior to the analyser. The invention also extends to an apparatus for remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream.

Description

REMOTE MONITORING OF PROCESS STREAM
The invention is concerned with a method and apparatus for remote monitoring of a process stream, and more particularly to remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream.
It is often necessary to determine the properties of a process stream. In particular, during the extraction of natural gas, it is important to determine quality parameters (that is, parameters which affect the quality of the gas), such as gas composition, calorific value, H2S content, C02 content, moisture content, mercury content, glycol content, hydrocarbon dew point, 02 content, methanol content, and so on.
Monitoring of a process stream in order to determine its properties is normally carried out on production or processing platforms. A sample of the gas in the process stream is removed and analyzed with measurement technology such as gas chromatography.
The process stream is usually at a relatively high pressure (considerably above atmospheric pressure). However, measurement technology such as gas chromatography requires the gas sample to be depressurized to a pressure at or close to atmospheric pressure, and also to be vented to atmosphere after analysis. Further, it may be difficult to automate this type of measurement technology, and gas chromatographs in particular are relatively high-maintenance, and need considerable user intervention for maintenance and calibration. As a result, this type of monitoring is not easily applicable in situations where user intervention is difficult, such as on unmanned wellhead platforms.
There is increasing interest in subsea gas processing (that is, where the gas from the well is processed near the well at the seabed, rather than being brought to the surface for processing at topside infrastructure such as a production or processing platform). Existing technologies for monitoring of gas quality parameters are not normally suitable for subsea installations, for a variety of reasons. There are not only serious problems regarding user intervention (as the lack of accessibility introduces challenges with respect to maintenance and calibration/verification of monitoring devices), but also issues regarding the fact that an analysed gas stream cannot easily be vented to atmospheric pressure to allow depressurization of the sample.
The invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of at least the preferred embodiments of the invention to provide a method and apparatus which can be used for gas quality monitoring at unmanned processing platforms or in subsea installations.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream, comprising the steps of: taking a sample of gas from a first location in the process stream; analyzing the gas with an analyser to determine quality parameters; sending signals relating to the quality parameters to a control unit; and returning the sample of gas to the process stream at a second location, wherein the pressure of the process stream is higher at the first location than at the second location.
This method allows for remote monitoring of the quality parameters of the process stream. Further, as the sample is taken from a higher-pressure location and returned to the stream at a lower-pressure location, the pressure difference drives the sample through the analyser, so that there is no need to provide separate pumping means for the sample.
As the process stream (and thus the gas sample) is at a high pressure, it is preferred for the analyser to be a high-pressure analyser which can analyse high-pressure gas. In a particularly preferred form, the analyser is based on nuclear magnetic resonance, and is for example a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy unit.
The first location and the second location can be anywhere in the process stream, as long as the pressure difference is provided. However, in a preferred form, the first location is downstream of a compressor, and the second location is upstream of the same compressor.
Preferably, the first location in the process stream is at a point where the process stream contains a single phase gas stream. If the gas stream were in two phases (that is, if it contained gas and liquid), then a sample of the gas alone might not be representative of the entire flow. Taking the sample from a point where there is a single phase gas stream means that the sample will be properly representative of the overall flow.
As the sample taken from the process stream may not be in an ideal state for analysis, it is preferred for the sample to be conditioned after it is taken from the process stream and before it reaches the analyser.
This conditioning may take the form of increasing the pressure of the sample, and in a preferred form, this is done by a hydraulic booster.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream, comprising: an analyser with an inlet connected to a first location in the process stream and an outlet connected to a second location in the process stream, the pressure of the process stream being higher at the first location than at the second location; the analyser being adapted to analyse a sample of gas from the process stream to determine quality parameters and to output signals relating to these quality parameters to a control and logging unit remote from the apparatus.
As the pressure difference serves to drive the sample through the analyser, there is no need for the apparatus to include pumping means, which allows the apparatus to be simpler and cheaper.
Preferably, the analyser is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy unit.
Preferably, the first location is downstream of a compressor in the process stream, and the second location is upstream of the same compressor.
Preferably, the first location in the process stream is at a point where the process stream contains a single phase gas stream.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a hydraulic booster for increasing the pressure of the sample before it reaches the analyser. In a preferred form, the hydraulic boosting is achieved by a low vapour pressure liquid such as an ionic liquid piston compressor. The low vapour pressure means that the sample is less likely to be contaminated, and this contributes to more accurate monitoring.
The apparatus is suitable for use in inaccessible locations, and in a preferred form, the apparatus is located on an unmanned processing platform.
Further, as the gas sample is returned to the process stream, the apparatus is suitable for use subsea, and in an alternative preferred form the process stream is a subsea process stream.
Of course, the apparatus is not limited to use in inaccessible locations, and in an alternative preferred form, the apparatus is located in a manned production or processing platform.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying Figures, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the last part of a gas processing plant with an apparatus for monitoring a high-pressure process stream;
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a hydraulic booster which may be used to increase the pressure of a sample; and
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a further form of hydraulic amplifier.
The present invention is applied to a process stream of natural gas. Figure 1 shows a part of a process stream, in which a stream of natural gas 10 passes through a scrubber 12, which removes unwanted constituents from the natural gas stream, and into a compressor 14. The gas is compressed in the compressor 14, and leaves at a high pressure and high temperature, and preferably as a single phase. The compressed gas stream then passes through a cooler 16 to a pipeline 18.
As shown in Figure 1, a valve 20 is connected to the process stream between the compressor 14 and the cooler 16. The valve 20 can be selectively actuated to allow a sample of the compressed gas to be drawn off from the process stream 10. The method is carried out intermittently, rather than continuously, in that the valve 20 is briefly opened at intervals to allow a small sample of the process stream gas to be drawn off.
The gas sample drawn off from the process stream is passed to an analyser 22 which can analyse the gas to determine quality parameters while it is still at a high pressure and high temperature. One suitable type of analyser would be an NMR spectroscopy unit, such as of the type described in WO 2015/090325. NMR spectroscopy units have the advantage of being able to operate on high-pressure samples, and need relatively little user intervention.
After analysis, the sample of the gas is returned to the process stream 10 upstream of the compressor 14 via a second valve 24. Figure 1 shows the gas being returned to the scrubber 12, but it will be appreciated that the gas can be returned to the process stream at any suitable point, as long as the pressure at the point in the process stream where the gas is returned is less than the pressure at the point in the process stream where the sample is taken. For example, the gas sample could be returned to the process stream by being routed to another processing step which has a lower pressure than the first location. This allows the gas to be driven through the analyser 22 by the pressure difference, which removes the need for any additional pumping, and also allows the analysis to be carried out without dumping the gas sample.
The analyser 22 is connected to a control unit via line 26. Signals from the analyser 22 relating to the detected quality parameters can be sent to the control unit, a logging system or a control room, which can if necessary adjust the performance of the apparatus (for example, increasing or decreasing the power supply to the compressor), and/or document that gas specifications are within requirements. Thus, the system shown in Figure 1 allows for online monitoring of the process stream.
Since the NMR spectroscopy unit needs little user intervention, the apparatus of Figure 1 is suitable for use in inaccessible locations, such as unmanned wellhead platforms. Further, as the gas sample is returned to the process stream, the apparatus can be used with subsea apparatus. In addition, as the flow of the gas sample through the analyser is achieved by the pressure difference in the process stream, there is no need to provide pumping means, which simplifies installation and reduces costs.
In a preferred form, the sampled gas is conditioned to increase the resolution of the high-pressure analyser. This conditioning consists of increasing the sample pressure by means of a hydraulic booster, as schematically shown in Figure 2. The hydraulic booster may be powered by hydraulic fluid, which is usually available in subsea installations for other purposes.
The hydraulic fluid 32 enters at the bottom of the booster 30 (in the orientation shown in Figure 2), and pushes on the wider end 36 of the mushroomshaped plunger 34. The narrower end 38 of the mushroom-shaped plunger 36 is in contact with the gas sample 40, and the difference in size between the ends of the plunger 34 allows a large increase in the pressure of the gas sample to be achieved with relatively low pressure hydraulic fluid.
The hydraulic booster shown in Figure 2 is preferred to a normal piston, as the process gas to be analyzed never comes into in contact with solid walls that have previously been in contact with another fluid (such as water or hydraulic fluid). There is thus less chance of contamination of the sample, which could lead to inaccurate measurements of the quality parameters.
In those cases where there is no hydraulic power available, a hydraulic amplifier which is driven only by process pressure, as shown in Figure 3, can be used. In a further alternative, the piston of the amplifier can be driven by screw movement instead.
In a preferred form, the pressurization is controlled according to a pressurization-temperature curve. The aim of this is to reduce the risk of liquid contamination in the measurement section (for example, contamination by liquid ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or water). By controlled pressurization and cooling outside the measuring section, constituents of the gas sample can be condensed to liquid in a region that is not measured by the analyser, so that the analyser only analyses the gas sample.
It is also possible use a hydraulic amplifier to reduce the pressure of the gas sample. This may be useful if an optical analyser (such as an analyser which uses near infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, or the like) is used, as these analysers work better at low pressures.
Depending on the form of the analyser, calibration gases may be required. As the method is intended to be carried out without user intervention, and is adapted for use in inaccessible locations, these calibration gases may be provided as a local supply in gas bottles or remotely through an umbilical line.
According to at least the preferred embodiments of the invention, gas quality monitoring can be carried out in inaccessible locations such as unmanned wellhead platforms or subsea. There is thus no need for topside installation or infrastructure to be available, and so monitoring of quality parameters can be carried out in locations where this was not previously practicable.
Further, by providing means to change the pressure of the sample, the analyser can operate at a higher resolution.

Claims (17)

1. A method for remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream, comprising the steps of: taking a sample of gas from a first location in the process stream; analyzing the gas with an analyser to determine quality parameters; sending signals relating to the quality parameters to a control unit; and returning the sample of gas to the process stream at a second location, wherein the pressure of the process stream is higher at the first location than at the second location.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the analyser is a high-pressure analyser which can analyse high-pressure gas.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the analyser is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy unit.
4. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first location is downstream of a compressor, and the second location is upstream of the same compressor.
5. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first location in the process stream is at a point where the process stream contains a single phase gas stream.
6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the sample is conditioned after it is taken from the process stream and before it reaches the analyser.
7. A method as clamed in claim 6, wherein the sample is conditioned by increasing the pressure of the sample.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pressure of the sample is increased by a hydraulic booster.
9. Apparatus for remote monitoring of a high-pressure process stream, comprising: an analyser with an inlet connected to a first location in the process stream and an outlet connected to a second location in the process stream, the pressure of the process stream being higher at the first location than at the second location; the analyser being adapted to analyse a sample of gas from the process stream to determine quality parameters and to output signals relating to these quality parameters to a control and logging unit remote from the apparatus.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the analyser is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy unit.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the first location is downstream of a compressor in the process stream, and the second location is upstream of the same compressor.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the first location in the process stream is at a point where the process stream contains a single phase gas stream.
13. Apparatus as clamed in any of claims 9 to 12, further comprising a hydraulic booster for increasing the pressure of the sample before it reaches the analyser.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the hydraulic boosting is achieved by a low vapour pressure liquid such as an ionic liquid piston compressor.
15. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the apparatus is located on an unmanned processing platform.
16. Apparatus as clamed in any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the apparatus is located on a manned production or processing platform.
17. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the process stream is a subsea process stream.
GB1609410.4A 2016-05-27 2016-05-27 Remote monitoring of process stream Active GB2550900B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1609410.4A GB2550900B (en) 2016-05-27 2016-05-27 Remote monitoring of process stream
PCT/GB2017/051538 WO2017203300A1 (en) 2016-05-27 2017-05-30 Remote monitoring of natural gas stream
NO20181521A NO347153B1 (en) 2016-05-27 2018-11-27 Remote monitoring of natural gas stream

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GB1609410.4A GB2550900B (en) 2016-05-27 2016-05-27 Remote monitoring of process stream

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GB201609410D0 GB201609410D0 (en) 2016-07-13
GB2550900A true GB2550900A (en) 2017-12-06
GB2550900B GB2550900B (en) 2021-07-14

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11460600B2 (en) 2020-09-09 2022-10-04 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Through-bit reconfigurable NMR logging tool

Citations (2)

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US20130075093A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for fluid processing with variable delivery for downhole fluid analysis
US20150129159A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-14 Martin Hess Apparatus and method for the analysis of gases, in particular for the analysis of natural gas extracted as shale gas

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US5122746A (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-06-16 Gas Research Institute Hydrocarbon gas measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance
CA2424745C (en) * 2003-04-09 2006-06-27 Optimum Production Technologies Inc. Apparatus and method for enhancing productivity of natural gas wells
BRPI1008805B1 (en) * 2009-03-02 2021-03-23 Statoil Petroleum As METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF A DRILLING FLUID, PROCESS TO CONTROL THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A DRILLING FLUID, DRILLING AND DRILLING FLUID PROPERTIES, OUT OF THE DRILLING.
CN102445430A (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-05-09 中国计量学院 Nondestructive testing device used for analyzing heat value of natural gas
CN105181728B (en) * 2015-07-24 2017-07-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for online detection of shale gas by nuclear magnetic resonance

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130075093A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for fluid processing with variable delivery for downhole fluid analysis
US20150129159A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-14 Martin Hess Apparatus and method for the analysis of gases, in particular for the analysis of natural gas extracted as shale gas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11460600B2 (en) 2020-09-09 2022-10-04 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Through-bit reconfigurable NMR logging tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017203300A1 (en) 2017-11-30
GB2550900B (en) 2021-07-14
NO20181521A1 (en) 2018-11-27
NO347153B1 (en) 2023-06-12
GB201609410D0 (en) 2016-07-13

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