GB2548315A - Method of stopping or reducing the formation of NOx in the hydrogen pulse jet rotary engine - Google Patents

Method of stopping or reducing the formation of NOx in the hydrogen pulse jet rotary engine Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2548315A
GB2548315A GB1514629.3A GB201514629A GB2548315A GB 2548315 A GB2548315 A GB 2548315A GB 201514629 A GB201514629 A GB 201514629A GB 2548315 A GB2548315 A GB 2548315A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
water
gasses
spray
water vapour
pressure
Prior art date
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Application number
GB1514629.3A
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GB201514629D0 (en
Inventor
Alvin Scott Charles
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB1514629.3A priority Critical patent/GB2548315A/en
Publication of GB201514629D0 publication Critical patent/GB201514629D0/en
Publication of GB2548315A publication Critical patent/GB2548315A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C5/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion
    • F02C5/12—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion the combustion chambers having inlet or outlet valves, e.g. Holzwarth gas-turbine plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/14—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
    • F02K7/02—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof the jet being intermittent, i.e. pulse-jet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
    • F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A process and mechanism to reduce or overcome the production of Nitrous Oxide (NOx), being an improvement to the art of the Hydrogen Pulse Jet Rotary Engine. Water in the form of a spray of water droplets is directed into the flow of combusted gasses exiting the combustion chamber and within the pulse jet mechanism/tapered chamber, in order to minimise or stop the formation of NOx, by cooling the high temperature combusted gasses before the formation of NOx takes place. Water is held in a reservoir (IJS a, fig 1) and passes via a pipe (IJS b, fig 1) to a high pressure water pump (IJS c, fig 1). The pump feeds into a common rail pipe system (IJS d, fig 1), feeding into in line accumulators (IJS e, fig 1). Excess water is returned reservoir via a low pressure pipe (IJS g, fig 1). The water is injected into the tapered chamber 15g via a capillary drilling along the length of the valve stem 15Y, synchronised with the opening of outlet valve. Injecting a small quantity of water under pressure, causing it to form a spray of water droplets, which when directed into the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour, will have a secondary effect of increasing the expanding volume of water vapour and expanding gasses resulting in improved performance/lower fuel consumption.

Description

Method of Stopping or reducing the Formation of NOx in the Pulse Jet Hydrogen Rotary Engine. Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention [0001] The pulse Jet Hydrogen Rotary engine, is an innovative rotary engine with external combustion chambers, where combusted gasses are by means of a jet mechanism caused to form a jet of high temperature high speed gases and water vapour to be directed at the circumferential surface of a rotor/disc/flywheel, where there are receivers able to transmit the force within the combusted gasses to the rotor/disc/flywheel, which is affixed to a shaft mounted on bearings in a casing and able to rotate freely, where the force of the enclosed jet will cause a rotational movement, which in turn is passed to the shaft allowing the energy now in a rotational movement able to be used.
[0002] Due to the high temperature of hydrogen combusted with the oxygen in oxygen enriched compressed air an inventive step of the Pulse Jet Rotary Engine, there is a possible problem of the nitrogen naturally present in the compressed air combining with oxygen and forming nitrous oxide NOx. As this is a potent green house gas, it is important to reduce this to a minimum or more importantly to stop NOx forming.
Brief Summary of the Invention [0003] The invention is a process and mechanism, being an improvement to the art of the Hydrogen Pulse jet Rotary Engine, to reduce or overcome the instance of Nitrus Oxide NOx being formed, by introducing water in the form of a spray of water droplets, directed into the flow of combusted gasses and water vapour exiting the combustion chamber and within the pulse jet mechanism/tapered chamber.
CoolinR.
[0004] In order to minimise or stop the formation of NOx, by cooling the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour before the formation of NOx takes place.
[0005] Whereby injecting a smaii quantity of water under pressure, causing it to form of a spray of water droplets, directed into the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour, will effectively lower the high temperature of the gasses and water vapour, by absorbing part of that heat to vaporise the lower temperature water droplets.
Improvement in fuel efficiency.
[0006] Whereby the system of injecting a small quantity of water in the form of a spray of water droplets to cool the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour, there is a Secondary and much desired effect, because the water droplets are turned into steam as a result of Joining with the high temperature water vapour and gases, thereby making an increase in the volume of high pressure water vapour and gasses, adding considerably to the pressure/force of the combusted gasses and water vapour in the formation of the high pressure Jet and as a result of this non-fuel related secondary increase in volume/pressure, the level offeree required to drive the rotor/flywheel/disc can be achieved from smaller combustion chambers which could result in lower fuel consumption.
The Mechanism.
[0007] A supply of water will be held in a reservoir and by means of a pipe the water will pass to a high pressure water pump. The high pressure water pump will feed into a common rail pipe system, feeding into in line accumulators.
[0008] A semi flexible High Pressure pipe will link between the in line accumulator and the water feed high pressure connection, being an electronic water injection control mechanism, affixed to the end of the Combustion Chamber outlet valve and working in conjunction with the electronic control opening mechanism for the Combustion Chamber outlet valve.
[0009} The combustion chamber outlet valve will have a central capillary/drilling along the length of the valve stem and through to the valve head, which will be adapted with an injector spray nozzle.
[0010] The electronic control for the water injection, is intended to operate in conjunction with the electronic control mechanism of the combustion chamber outlet valve, to synchronise the spray of water with the combusted gasses and water vapour exiting the combustion chamber, via the open port into the Jet forming mechanism/tapered chamber.
[0011] The water passing through the central capillary in the valve stem, will take on heat from the valve, having a cooling effect, whilst this pre-heats the water, the water remains cool enough for the spray of droplets to lower the high temperature of the combusted gasses and water vapour, in turn causing the hot water droplets to vaporise and expand in volume, adding to the already expanding and high pressure high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour.
[0012] Whilst this represents the preferred embodiment of the invention, it is recognised that there are other methods of delivering cooling water as a spray, jet, etc at various positions in the pulse Jet mechanism/chamber, however it is seen to be the most appropriate method, place and have the ability to set the best timing for effect.
It is also recognised that water might be injected directly into the combustion chamber, immediately after ignition, but the timing would be absolutely critical, although this method is not ruled out it is not seen as the best approach.
Brief Description of the Drawings.
Showing the inventive step in relation to the existing artwork.
Fig 1, Is a schematic drawing of a typical liquid/water pressure system, adapted to needs
Fig 2, Is a copy of the original Fig 9 of the original art, amended to show the path of the injected water.
Fig 3 Is a copy of the original Fig 10 of the original art, amended to show the path of the injected water
Fig. 4 Is a copy of the original Fig 10 from Patent document, in a larger format, to show a typical valve head to form a spray in relation to the position within the jet forming tapered chamber
Fig. 5 Shows a copy of the original drawing of combustion chamber pulse jet assembly as depicted in in Fig.9. of the original art
Fig. 6. Shows a copy of the original drawing of combustion chamber pulse jet assembly, as depicted in Fig 10 of the original art.
Details of the process in relation to the mechanisms.
[0013] A supply of water will be held in a reservoir (US a) and the water will pass via a pipe (US b)to a high pressure water pump (US c). The high pressure water pump (US c) will feed into a common rail pipe system (US d ),feeding into in-line accumulators (US e). The pressure within the common rail (US d) will be controlled by a Pressure Relief Valve (US f) with the excess water being returned to the reservoir via a low pressure pipe (US g).
[0014] A semi flexible High Pressure pipe (15X) will link between the in line accumulator (US e) and the water feed high pressure connection, being an electronic water injection control mechanism in conjunction with the electronic control mechanism (15 c) for the Combustion Chamber outlet valve with timing of the water injection being in conjunction with the electronic control timing of the opening mechanism for the Combustion Chamber outlet valve.
[0015} The combustion chamber outlet valve will have a central capillary/drilling (15 Y) along the length of the valve stem and through to the valve head, which will be adapted with an injector spray nozzle (15 Z).
[0016] The electronic control for the water injection, is intended to operate in conjunction with the electronic control mechanism of the combustion chamber outlet valve, to synchronise the spray of water with the combusted gasses and water vapour exiting the combustion chamber, via the open port (15 f) into the jet forming mechanism/tapered chamber(15 g).
[0017] The water passing through the central capillary in the valve stem (15 Y), will take on heat from the valve, having a cooling effect, whilst this pre-heats the water, the water remains cool enough for the spray of droplets to lower the high temperature of the combusted gasses and water vapour, in turn causing the hot water droplets to vaporise and expand in volume, adding to the already expanding and high pressure high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour.
[0018] Whilst this together with the drawings represents the preferred embodiment of the invention, it is recognised that there are other methods of delivering cooling water as a spray, jet, etc at various positions in the pulse jet mechanism/chamber, however it is seen to be the most appropriate method and position, whilst having the ability to set the best timing for effect.
[0019] It is also recognised that water might be injected directly into the combustion chamber, immediately after ignition, but the timing would be absolutely critical, to although this method is not ruled out it is not seen as the best approach.

Claims (2)

  1. Claims. Claim 1 A process and mechanism, being an improvement to the art of the Pulse Jet Rotary Engine, to reduce or overcome the instance of NOx being formed, by introducing water in the form of a spray of water droplets, directed into the flow of combusted gasses and water vapour exiting the combustion chamber and within the pulse jet mechanism/tapered chamber, to minimise or stop the formation of NOx, by cooling the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour, before the formation of NOx takes place, whereby injecting a small quantity of water under pressure, causing it to form of a spray of water droplets, directed into the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour, will effectively lower the high temperature of the gasses and water vapour, by absorbing part of that heat to vaporise the lower temperature water droplets. Claim 1 a. The process and mechanism described in Claim 1 where a supply of water will be held in a reservoir and by means of a pipe the water will pass to a high pressure water pump, where the said high pressure water pump will feed into a common rail pipe system, feeding in line accumulators and linking with each electronic controlled water injector mechanisms, where a semi flexible High Pressure pipe will link between the feed from the accumulators and the water injector control mechanisms, which will be situated in conjunction with the electronic control mechanism of the combustion chamber outlet valve, where the valve will have a drilling/capillary along the length of the valve stem and through to the valve head, leading to a number of injector spray outlets. Claim 1 b. The process and mechanism described in Claim 1 and 1 a, where the electronic control for the water injection, is intended to operate in conjunction with the electronic control mechanism of the combustion chamber outlet valve, to synchronise the spray of water with the combusted gasses and water vapour exiting the combustion chamber, through the valve port and Into the jet forming mechanism/tapered chamber. Claim 1 c. The process and mechanism described in Claim 1,1 a, 1 b, where the water passing through the capillary in the valve stem, will take on heat from the valve, having a cooling effect, whilst this preheats the water, the water remains cool enough for the spray of droplets to lower the temperature of the combusted gasses and water vapour, allowing it to also vaporise and expand in voiume, adding to the already expanding and high pressure high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour. Claim 1 d. The process and mechanism described in Claim 1,1 a, 1 b, and 1 c, where in the preferred embodiment, the high pressure water common rail, supplies inline accumulators to maintain a constant working pressure and with a pressure relief valve, where the surplus pressure is released into a low pressure system with piped return to the reservoir/tank. Claim
  2. 2. The process and mechanism described in Claim 1 and reiated Claims, whereby the system of injecting a small quantity of water in the form of a spray of water droplets to cool the high temperature combusted gasses and water vapour ,there is a Secondary and much desired effect, because the water droplets are turned into steam as a result of joining with the high temperature water vapour and gases, thereby making an increase in the volume of high pressure water vapour and gasses, adding considerably to the pressure/force of the combusted gasses and water vapour in the formation of the high pressure jet and as a resuit of this non-fuel related secondary increase in volume/pressure, the level offeree required to drive the rotor/flywheel/disc can be achieved from smailer combustion chambers which could result in lower fuel consumption.
GB1514629.3A 2015-08-18 2015-08-18 Method of stopping or reducing the formation of NOx in the hydrogen pulse jet rotary engine Withdrawn GB2548315A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024100646A1 (en) * 2022-11-13 2024-05-16 Peter Graner A peripheral expanding chambers in flywheel engine generating and storing energy

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4214435A (en) * 1977-07-25 1980-07-29 General Electric Company Method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a gas turbine engine
US4807440A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-02-28 Ahmed Salem Internal combustion engine
EP0590829A2 (en) * 1992-09-15 1994-04-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Apparatus and method of automatic NOx control for a gas turbine
US6000214A (en) * 1996-07-08 1999-12-14 Scragg; Robert L. Detonation cycle gas turbine engine system having intermittent fuel and air delivery
US20070151227A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Worrell Kenneth E Rotary piston engine
US20100146984A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2010-06-17 Richard Carroni Gas turbine with water injection
GB2499366A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-08-21 Kenneth Robert George Taylor Rotary engine using Hydrogen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4214435A (en) * 1977-07-25 1980-07-29 General Electric Company Method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a gas turbine engine
US4807440A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-02-28 Ahmed Salem Internal combustion engine
EP0590829A2 (en) * 1992-09-15 1994-04-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Apparatus and method of automatic NOx control for a gas turbine
US6000214A (en) * 1996-07-08 1999-12-14 Scragg; Robert L. Detonation cycle gas turbine engine system having intermittent fuel and air delivery
US20070151227A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Worrell Kenneth E Rotary piston engine
US20100146984A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2010-06-17 Richard Carroni Gas turbine with water injection
GB2499366A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-08-21 Kenneth Robert George Taylor Rotary engine using Hydrogen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024100646A1 (en) * 2022-11-13 2024-05-16 Peter Graner A peripheral expanding chambers in flywheel engine generating and storing energy

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