GB2547705A

GB2547705A - Ultrasonic brake wear sensors

Info

Publication number: GB2547705A
Application number: GB1603444.9A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Wilkes John; Bateman David
Original assignee: Meggitt Aerospace Ltd
Current assignee: Meggitt Aerospace Ltd
Priority date: 2016-02-29
Filing date: 2016-02-29
Publication date: 2017-08-30
Also published as: US20190056008A1; WO2017149276A1; EP3423320A1; GB201603444D0; EP3423320B1; BR112018067776B1; CA3015118C; ES2893757T3; CA3015118A1; US10584756B2; BR112018067776A2

Abstract

An ultrasonic brake wear detector 10 to detect wear, erosion or damage on a brake disc stack. The wear detector comprises a housing 12, an ultrasonic transducer 28 for detecting and emitting ultrasound and an elongated member with two ends, one end engages the housing, and the other engages the brake disk stack. There is a cavity 14 (recess, void, opening) between the housing and the elongated member which is filled with a fluid which may be hydraulic brake fluid. The elongated member may comprise a piston and piston head.

Description

ULTRASONIC BRAKE WEAR SENSORS Technical Field [0001] The invention herein resides in the art of brake wear sensors. More particularly, the invention relates to such sensors for use in association with disc brake assemblies. Specifically, the invention provides brake wear sensors operative in association with aircraft disc or heat stacks to monitor the wear of the stack as it is used in effecting aircraft stops. The brake wear sensors employ ultrasonic transmission, reflection and reception to monitor the wear.

Background of the Invention [0002] Aircraft commonly use a stack of alternatingly interleaved brake discs for braking the aircraft. As the brake disc stack is used, the discs wear and the aggregate of that wear reduces the thickness of the stack. As a result, the thermal capacity and structural integrity of the brake disc stack changes.

[0003] When the stack reaches a predetermined threshold, there is a need to service the stack by replacing the rotors and stators thereby returning the stack to its original thickness. Various approaches have been employed in the past for monitoring when this refurbishing must take place. The most basic type of monitoring includes periodic visual inspection of the brake disc stack itself. Other techniques have relied upon the observation of a wear pin, which is in operative communication with the stack itself. Other techniques have employed a proximity detector or a linear variable differential transformer or the like providing an output signal corresponding to the remaining thickness of the stack.

[0004] In the past, the techniques used for monitoring brake wear in aircraft brake disc stacks have been time consuming, somewhat inaccurate, given to problems with the environment and ambient conditions within which they operate, and intrusive into the brake assembly system itself.

Summary of the Invention [0005] In light of the foregoing, it is a first aspect of the invention to provide brake wear sensors that are accurate in use.

[0006] Another aspect of the invention is to provide brake wear sensors that are readily implemented with existing heat stacks or brake stacks of commercial aircraft.

[0007] Yet a further aspect of the invention is the provision of brake wear sensors that are sealed from the environment and harmful ambient conditions.

[0008] Still a further aspect of the invention is the provision of brake wear sensors that employ and rely upon ultrasonic transducers to emit and receive reflected ultrasonic waves to determine the thickness of the stack at any point in time. Indeed, it is an aspect of the invention to provide ultrasonic brake wear sensors in which the ultrasonic waves are maintained within a sealed cavity filled with hydraulic brake fluid, ensuring the integrity of sensor operation.

[0009] The foregoing and other aspects of the invention that will become apparent as the detailed description proceeds are achieved by an ultrasonic brake wear sensor, comprising a housing; an elongated member received by said housing and having a first end thereof extending from said housing and engaging a brake disc stack, and a second end thereof maintained within said housing; an ultrasonic transducer received by said housing and in operative communication with said first end of said elongated member; and wherein a cavity is maintained between said housing and said first end of said elongated member, said cavity being filled with a liquid fluid.

[0010] Other aspects of the invention are achieved by the foregoing structure wherein the elongated member comprises a piston, and the second end comprises a piston head.

[0011] Other aspects of the invention are achieved by the foregoing structure wherein the first end of the piston comprises a foot [0012] Still other aspects of the invention are achieved by the foregoing structure wherein the liquid fluid comprises hydraulic brake fluid.

Brief Description of the Drawings [0013] For a complete understanding of the various aspects of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings wherein: [0014] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention showing no wear of the disc stack; [0015] Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sensor of Fig. 1 when the disc stack is in the condition of full wear; [0016] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the piston employed in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2; [0017] Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a brake assembly employing the first embodiment of the invention showing the ultrasonic wear sensor mounted to the brake assembly housing and in association with the brake pistons; [0018] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of an ultrasonic brake wear sensor according to the invention; [0019] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the piston shown in association with the ultrasonic transducer in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention; and [0020] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the brake housing of the invention showing the positioning of the brake actuators, one of which contains the ultrasonic transducer employed with the invention.

Best Mode And Preferred Embodiment of the invention [0021] Referring now to the drawings and more particularly Figs. 1 and 2, it can be seen that an ultrasonic brake wear detector according to a first embodiment of the invention is designated generally by the numeral 10. The embodiment 10 is that of a self-contained unit, with the showing in Fig. 1 being of the ultrasonic brake wear detector being provided in association with a new brake assembly where no wear has been experienced, and that of Fig. 2 is a fully worn situation.

[0022] The ultrasonic brake wear detector 10 includes a cylindrical housing 12 defining a cavity 14. The cavity 14 is filled with an appropriate fluid such as hydraulic brake fluid or the like. Also maintained within the cavity 14 is a biasing spring 16 urging against a piston head 18, which is operative to move within the cavity 14. One or more O-rings 20 is provided about the outer circumference of the piston head 18 and in contacting engagement with the inner wall of cylindrical housing 12 to serve as sliding bearing. Extending centrally from the piston head 18 is a piston rod 20, in the nature of a pin or other appropriate stem. An O-ring seal 24 accommodates movement of the stem 22 out of the cavity 14 while ensuring that hydraulic fluid does not leak or escape. At the end of the piston rod or stem 22 is a contact foot 26, intended for contacting engagement with the pressure plate of the brake assembly.

[0023] With reference to Fig. 3 and continued reference to Figs. 1 and 2, it can be seen that an ultrasonic transducer 28 is positioned and maintained at the sealed top of the cylinder 12. Lead wires 30 extend from the ultrasonic transducer 28 to a controller 32 operative to control the transducer 28 to send and receive reflected signals. In that regard, the top surface 34 of the piston head 18 is a target for the ultrasonic transducer 28, which, under control of the controller 32, emits ultrasonic signals that are reflected off of the surface 34 and received via the transducer 28, the delay between the emission and reception of the ultrasonic signals correlating with the distance between the surface 34 and the transducer 28. As will be apparent, this distance correlates with the brake wear experienced by the associated brake disc stack.

[0024] With reference to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the piston head 18 is characterized by a plurality of axial bores or passages 36 that allow for the hydraulic fluid within the chamber 14 to be present both above and below the head 18 as the head moves within the chamber 14. Accordingly, the ultrasonic wave emitted and received by the transducer 28 passes through the hydraulic brake fluid, which is found to have been a good transmitter for such signals. Also shown in Fig. 3 is the can or cup 38 having an appropriate elastomeric or other suitable material therein defining the end of the cylindrical housing 12 and through which the piston rod or stem 22 passes. An appropriate elastomeric seal 42 may be provided in association with the cup 38 to seal with the cylindrical housing 12.

[0025] With reference now to Fig. 4, it can be seen that the ultrasonic brake wear detector 10 is received, along with a plurality of standard brake actuators 44, by a typical brake housing 46. The foot 26 of the ultrasonic brake wear detector 10 is in contacting engagement with the pressure plate or other suitable portion of the brake stack, as are the pistons of the hydraulic brake cylinders 44. These are all shown illustratively as being in association with a heat stack 48 comprising a pressure plate, alternatingly interleaved stators and rotors, and an endplate, all of which are well known and understood by those skilled in the art.

[0026] In operation, the foot 26 is in contacting engagement with the pressure plate or other appropriate portion of the heat stack 48, being urged thereagainst by means of the bias spring 16. As the brake or heat stack wears, the piston assembly comprised of the head 18, rod 22 and foot 26, are displaced a distance consistent with such wear. Accordingly, the distance between the ultrasonic transducer 28 and the surface 34 of the piston head 18 also moves, this distance being readily determined by the emission of signals by the ultrasonic transducer 28 passing through the brake fluid, being reflected off of the top surface 34 of the displaced piston head, and being received again by the transducer 28. The controller 32, or other appropriate device, can correlate the timing of the reflection with the distance of separation between the transducer 28 and surface 34. That distance correlates with brake wear. When that distance reaches a threshold level, it is an indication that the brake is fully worn, or worn to a degree that it requires attention or service.

[0027] With reference now to Figs. 5, 6, and 7, it can be seen that another embodiment of an ultrasonic brake wear detector is designated generally by the numeral 50. While the embodiment discussed above was an independent detector, the unit 50 of this second embodiment is integral with one of the brake actuators of the brake system. As shown, the combination of brake actuator and ultrasonic brake wear detector includes a housing 52 defining an interior cylindrical chamber, the upper portion 54 being adapted to receive hydraulic brake fluid therein. Pressurized hydraulic brake fluid in the chamber 54 urges against a piston head 58 of piston 56 received within the housing 52. The piston head 58 is sealed against the interior cylindrical walls of the housing 52 by an appropriate seal, such as an O-ring 60.

[0028] A swage tube 62 is connected to and extends axially from a top 64 of the cylindrical housing 52. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the swage tube 62 serves as a means for maintaining the built-in clearance of the brake disc stack. The swage tube 62 passes through the piston head 58 with an interference fit or swage lock, such that as the piston head 58 is pushed downwardly by hydraulic pressure toward the open ends of the cylindrical housing 52, the piston head 58 advances its locking engagement with the swage tube 62 to accommodate brake wear and assure a constant built-in clearance in the brake stack. This type of device is well known in the art.

[0029] A piston foot 66 is attached at the bottom to the piston 56 and is adapted for contacting engagement with a pressure plate of the associated brake disc stack, all in standard fashion. A biasing spring 68, also well known and implemented in the art, serves as a return spring after each brake actuation.

[0030] Of particular novelty is the inclusion of an ultrasonic transducer 70 maintained at the top 64 of the housing 52. Wiring 72 extends from the ultrasonic transducer 70 and through a sealing gland 74. As presented above, the ultrasonic transducer is controlled by an appropriate controller 76. As discussed above, under control of the controller 76, the ultrasonic transducer 70 may be caused to emit ultrasonic signals to and off of the top of the piston head 58. As the locking position of the piston head 58 changes as it moves along the swage 62 as the brake wears, the time between the emission of the ultrasonic signals and the reception of the same off of the piston head 58 similarly changes. The time between emission and reception of the reflection correlates with the position of the foot 66 on the pressure plate of the brake disc stack. That position correlates with brake wear and the thickness of the stack.

[0031] In Fig. 7, a brake assembly 78 is shown employing the ultrasonic brake wear detector integrated with a brake actuator 50. Also included are a plurality of brake actuators 80, similar in nature to the unit 50, but absent the ultrasonic transducer and associated elements. The brake actuators and brake wear sensor 50, 70 are appropriately connected to the housing 82 and in communication with an associated heat stack designated illustratively as 84, the same including a pressure plate, endplate, and associated and interleaved stators and rotors therebetween. With the foot 66 in operative engagement with the pressure plate of the brake disc stack, the time of transmission, reflection, and reception of the ultrasonic signals from the transducer 70 to the piston head 58 correlate directly with brake wear and the need for service or refurbishing.

[0032] Thus it can be seen that the various aspects of the invention have been satisfied by the structure presented above. The true scope of the invention will be defined by claims, representative ones of which follow.

Claims

Claims What is claimed is:

1. An ultrasonic brake wear detector, comprising: a housing; an elongated member received by said housing and having a first end thereof extending from said housing and engaging a brake disc stack, and a second end thereof maintained within said housing; an ultrasonic transducer received by said housing and in operative communication with said first end of said elongated member; and wherein a cavity is maintained between said housing and said first end of said elongated member, said cavity being filled with a liquid fluid.

2. The ultrasonic brake wear detector according to claim 1, wherein said elongated member comprises a piston and said second end comprises a piston head.

3. The ultrasonic brake wear detector according to claim 2, wherein said first end of said piston comprises a foot.

4. The ultrasonic brake wear detector according to claim 3, wherein said liquid fluid comprises hydraulic brake fluid.