GB2545882A

GB2545882A - Nuclear fusion device

Info

Publication number: GB2545882A
Application number: GB1518877.4A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Vasilovich Stanko Taras
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-10-25
Filing date: 2015-10-25
Publication date: 2017-07-05
Also published as: GB201518877D0

Abstract

A nuclear fusion device with magnetic confinement in radial directions and the electrostatic confinement in a longitudinal direction. The positively charged anode electrode 3 is used to accelerate electrons emitted from cathode electrode 10 into the hollow space within the anode, said electrons being electrostatically trapped therein in the longitudinal direction. Ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes are also injected directly into the interior of the anode by ion injection means 8. Both ions and electrons are confined radially within the device by the magnetic field generated by magnet 3, said field being greater in a longitudinally central region of the anode than in the end regions thereof. The ions oscillate in within the hollow anode due to the clustering of electrons in the longitudinally central region, the speed/energy of the ions being enough for nuclear fusion.

Description

Nuclear Fusion Device

The present invention is relevant to the Nuclear Fusion devices, in particular the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement devices with magnetic confinement. The purpose is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior arrangements and to provide more productivity of the device. Also the present device is not too theoretical concept, but it is easy to design for practical implementation, and could be practically implemented with comparatively little effort. The purpose was the experimental device, practical energy device, and further the propulsion device. The design, proportions of the real device may be different than depicted, stated in the document, there may be the additions of other invention, research work. The invention is stated by the set of claims and explained in the document by the text and graphical representation. Any prior published arrangement especially stated in the document listed below is not claimed to be new. The differences in particular are the magnetic region in the centre of the anode with the side electronic emission and the ion injection from the direction of the magnetic pole of the magnet.

Prior invention, research

The Inertial Electrostatic Confinement device by Philo T. Farnsworth (US3258402);

The device of Robert L. Hirsch (US3530497);

The device by Milley George (W09700519);

The device by Stephen Thomas Brookes (GB2461257);

The device by Dietrich Carl (W02004044926);

My prior invention (GB2511874).

The differences of arrangement

The differences of the present device from the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement device hv Philo T. Farnsworth flJS3258402!

The device of Philo T. Farnsworth was spherical. There was the spherical grid anode. There was no magnetic confinement of the electrons inside the hollow space of the device. There was the electrostatic focusing of the electrons. There was the neutral nuclear fusion fuel gas filling fuel supply.

The present device is cylindrical. There is not the spherical grid anode, but the cylindrical anode impermeable to the electrons in many directions. There is the magnetic focus of the electrons. There is the direct ion injection device.

The differences of the present device from the device of Robert L. Hirsch (1JS35304971

The device of Robert L. Hirsch was spherical, there was the spherical grid electrode, there was no magnetic confinement of the electrons, the focusing of electrons was electrostatic in the device. There was the internal gas filling fuel supply. In the device of Robert L. Hirsch the internal electrode was the cathode.

The present device is cylindrical with ion-injection device and without neutral gas filling fuel supply Tn the present device the magnetic confinement of the electrons is used.

The differences of the present invention from the device of Millev George tWo97005191

The device of Milley George was cylindrical, but there was not the magnetic focus of the electrons or ions of nuclear fusion fuel. There was the different focus zone for electrons from the focus zone for ions. For fuel supply the neutral gas filling was used. In the present device there is the same focus zone for ions and electrons therefore the density of the ions is more and the productivity of the device can be assumed more. The electrostatic confinement in the device of Milley George was not all-directional. There were some directions in that the electrons and ions are not confined by electrostatic force. Therefore after a collision at some angle the ion or electron may be not further confined by electrostatic force and impacted into the electrode with the opposite charge. The result of that was energy loss. That energy loss is reasonable to consider eliminated in the present device.

The differences of the present invention from the device of Stephen Thomas Brookes (GB2461257I

The device of Stephen Thomas Brookes was cylindrical with the primary electrostatic mean of confinement of electrons and the secondary magnetic mean of confinement of electrons. The maximal magnitude of the magnetic force/field is in the central region of the device where the anode electrode is arranged. The neutral gas filling nuclear fusion fuel supply was used. The present device is also cylindrical with the maximal magnitude of the magnetic force/field in the zone, where the anode is arranged, but the ion injection device of direct injection of nuclear fusion fuel ions into the hollow space inside the anode is used to provide the nuclear fusion fuel ions in the reaction zone instead of the neutral fuel gas filling. Also the region of maximal magnitude of the magnetic force/field in the present device is not the region of the whole anode, but the region of the central part of the anode or a certain part of the anode. And also in the present device is the electronic emission arrangement and mean to form the electronic column along the longitudinal axis of the device.

The differences of the present invention from the device of Dietrich Carl tWQ20040449261

The device of Dietrich Carl is cylindrical with magnetic confinement of the electrons along the longitudinal axis of the device and electrostatic confinement in longitudinal directions of the device. The nuclear fusion fuel ion injection unit is used to inject ions into the hollow space between the parts of the anode. In that device was used the linear magnetic force/field in the central electron confinement part of the device - the anode, cathode, electron reflection electrode was in the region of the maximal magnitude of the magnetic force/field. The present device arrangement of the magnetic mean is different. The magnetic force/field in the present device is not linear in the central part of the device; the cathode, electron reflection electrode and the parts of the anode are out of the zone of the maximal magnitude of the magnetic force/field. Also the arrangement of the ion injection device is different. The injection of nuclear fusion fuel ions is done more along the longitudinal axis of the device to provide the more accurate injection. In the device of Dietrich Carl the injection is done more perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device. Also the amount of potential difference is different. In the present invention the potential difference applied is enough to confine by electrostatic mean the nuclear fusion fuel ions before the fusion, in a particular case the released energy is used to heat the anode, then the heat energy is utilised, in another case the exhaust ions are stopped by magnetic force. In the device of Dietrich Carl the potential difference applied to the anode is enough to stop the fusion product particle in one case of arrangement of the energy utilisation.

The differences of the present invention from mv prior invention IGB25118741

My prior invention (GB2511874) arrangement was cylindrical with the magnetic confinement of the ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes. The most magnitude of the magnetic force/field was between two anodes in the centre of the device. There was an ion injection device of injection of ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes directly into the hollow space between the anodes. The injection was done from the direction of the magnetic pole of the magnet of the device.

In the present arrangement was included the certain part of that prior arrangement. In the present arrangement was added the system to provide more productivity of the device by additional provision of the electrons in the central region of the device by side electrodes - the cathode and the electron reflection electrode. Also the magnetic force/field strength was reduced to confine only electrons inside the internal hollow space of the device in radial direction and to leave ions without enough magnetic confinement to confine them within the internal hollow space of the device in radial directions. It was done because the ions are enough confined by electrostatic forces due to the presence of the electrons in the central region of the device. The ion injection device was split to provide the movement of electrons without impacting that device.

The disadvantages of the prior inventions, researches 1. Internal grid destruction problem. 2. Energy loss because of strikes of energetic particles (in particular ions and electrons) the internal structures of the device. 3. Limited focus accuracy, limited density of particles because of mutual electrostatic repulsion of particles.

The common disadvantage of the many prior researches is the little productivity of the device. The production rates of many devices are much less than needed for the net energy release. The cause of that is the usage of the spherical grid, that is impacted by energetic particles in many devices. The result of that was much energy loss, grid heating. Another disadvantage is the limited density of ions because of the mutual electrostatic repulsion of them. To prevent it the electrons are used in the present invention to compensate the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the ions. Therefore the productivity of the device is not so limited. A problem of many devices is the electronic current between charged electrodes with different potentials. Because of the heat the electrons are emitted from electrodes into the space between the electrodes then accelerated towards another electrode. When the electron is near to the surface of the positively charged electrode the velocity of the electron is great so is the kinetic energy of it. The energy is converted to the heat during the impact. That energy losses should be prevented.

The result of the prior researches

Because of the disadvantages mentioned and other reasons to construct a device enough productive for the net energy release or well-suitable for propulsion purposes was not possible.

The present invention

In the present invention device the magnetic force is used to confine electrons along the longitudinal axis of the device to prevent strikes the anode electrode by electrons. The efficiency of the device is not dependant on the permeability of the grid in all directions. The solid hollow anode with two holes can be used instead. The present device is comprised from the three oscillatory systems, one central oscillatory system for ions and two side oscillatory systems for electrons. The same is in many prior devices, though the two electron oscillatory systems could be combined in one. The problem is when an ion is created or moved in an electron oscillatory system because the electrons and ions are accelerated in opposite directions by electrostatic force. In an electron oscillatory system the ion is not oscillated but accelerated towards the cathode electrode. The result of creation of ions in electron oscillatory systems could be strikes the cathode electrode by ions. In case of creation of free electrons in arbitrary directions around the anode, the created electrons could be accelerated towards the anode by electrostatic force, and there could be strikes the anode by energetic electrons. Therefore in the present device is not used the neutral ionisable gas filling but the direct ion injection into the ion oscillatory system is used instead. The central cluster of electrons is caused by the extreme magnitude of the magnetic force/field in the central region of the device. The electrons are passed through the magnetic-mirror regions of the device because their velocities are parallel or almost parallel to the magnetic lines of the magnet. That electronic cluster is used to compensate the mutual electrostatic repulsion of ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes to provide the productivity of the device and is used to accelerate ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes to nuclear fusion velocities towards each other.

The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior devices and to provide a net energy release device or a well-suitable propulsion device.

The basic case of arrangement

The basic case of arrangement of the present device is depicted (Figure 1). There are the next items: 1 - Nuclear fusion fuel supply pipe:

The nuclear fusion fuel can be a neutral gas or solid substance or liquid. In a simple case the nuclear fusion fuel is a mixture of deuterium and tritium or the deuterium gas. In case of using Boron that is the solid substance there may be a different technology of fuel supply such as the wire supply device, the Boron rods could be provided inside the device without an external supply system. In case of Deuterium gas fuel a Deuterium water tank with electrical water division system could be provided. 2 - The magnet:

The magnetic force/field of the magnet is not linear. In the central zone the magnetic force/field magnitude is much more, than in the side regions of the device. Therefore in that central zone is provided extra density of electrons. The magnetic force/field is also engineered to provide the width of the electronic column convenient to inject ions into that column in the side zones of the central part of the device. 3 - The anode:

The anode is cylindrically formed with the hollow space in it, with holes from both sides for the cylinder to be pipe-like. The potential of the anode is positive. The potential difference between the anode and the cathode is enough to accelerate ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes to nuclear fusion velocities if they are accelerated towards each other. 4 - The vacuum chamber:

There are holes in the vacuum chamber to provide potentials needed for acceleration of ions and electrons, and in a particular case to heat the electron emission device. Also there are holes for fuel supply and the output to the vacuum pump. In space applications may be no need for the vacuum chamber and there may be no vacuum chamber. 5 - The electron reflection electrode:

The potential of the electron reflection electrode is negative relative to the potential of the anode and is the same as the potential of the cathode. The electron reflection electrode is big enough to reflect electrons emitted by the cathode and not much diffused outwards in radial directions of the device. The electron reflection electrode is made with electronic emission prevention covering to prevent emission of the electrons that will be quickly impacted at the anode or other hard part of the device except the cathode, or other technology to prevent that emission is used. 6 - The longitudinal axis of the device: 7 - The output pipe to the vacuum pump:

The output pipe is optional, alternatively the vacuum pump could be integrated in the vacuum chamber. 8 - The ion injection device:

The arrangement of the ion injection device is not the object of the present invention. The ion injection device could be the ionization device with the internal heating device, the internal anode, internal cathode, mean to form uni-directional ion flow. 9 - The anode potential supply wire:

The anode potential supply wire is connected to the anode and to the outer electrical potential source. 10 - The cathode that is electron emission electrode and electron reflection electrode:

The potential of the cathode is negative relative to the potential of the anode and is the same as the potential of the electron reflection electrode. The size of the cathode in radial directions of the device is little enough to prevent quick affect by the emitted electrons the anode and other hard parts of the device except the electron reflection electrode. 11 - The cathode heating device (in a particular case spiral wire!: 12 - The electronic column (Figure 2).

The electrons are emitted into the column from the cathode. During normal operation of the device there is no or little cathode current only because of strikes of the anode by electrons and combination of ions (exhaust or fuel ions) with electrons. The most fusion current is between the ion-injection unit and the anode which is the exhaust particle collection electrode. The neutrons are collected outside the vacuum chamber by special appliance or are spread outside the device. The electronic column is thicker aside and thinner in the centre of the device. The most thin part of the electronic column is in the central region of the device and is at the centre of the anode. The electrons emitted from the cathode could be initially moved with thermal velocities (but there is quantum process, that is to certain extent different to the movement of the particles out of the surface), then accelerated because of electrostatic forces. The same electrons are clustered in the central zone of the device. In case of presence of ions in the central zone of the device where the electrons are clustered, the return of the electron to the cathode can be delayed because of electrostatic attraction to the ions put in the central zone. Therefore there is the process to a certain extent similar to the one, that could be in case there were the less number of electrons near the cathode than in the case without ions in the central zone of the device. Thus the charge and the electric potential near the cathode could be more (meant relatively positive) than in the case of absence of the ions in the central part of the device. That difference is compensated by the extra electrons emitted from the cathode.

Operation of the device

The electrons are emitted into the vacuum chamber by the cathode. They are not spread arbitrary within the vacuum chamber because there is the magnetic force/field but are moved along the magnetic lines because their movement is round in radial directions relative to that magnetic lines. In longitudinal direction of the device the positively charged anode is arranged in course of their movement. Because of the electrostatic attraction to the anode and repulsion from the negative charge of the cathode and electrons closer to the cathode the electrons are accelerated towards the anode. After passing into the anode (into the hollow space within the anode through the hole in it) their movement is inertial (without acceleration) in the directions of magnetic lines for the tiny time. After passing closer to the centre of the device the density of electrons is more. There is the potential difference between the regions with more and less density of electrons within the central zone of the hollow space surrounded by the anode. During the passage through that potential difference the electrons are decelerated, because of the inertia of the electrons they are not stopped instantly but are clustered in the central region of the device where the magnitude of the magnetic force/field is extremely much. The potential of that region is negative relative to the potential of the anode, the amount of that potential is the same as the amount of the potential of the cathode and electron reflection electrode. Some of the electrons are returned back to the cathode and accelerated back in course of their back movement towards the anode and decelerated in course of their back movement from the anode towards the cathode; some of the electrons are passed through the density region and accelerated towards the anode beyond the density region. After that the electrons passed through the density region are decelerated in course of their ways to the electron reflection electrode. When they are close to the electron reflection electrode their speeds along the longitudinal axis of the device are approximately zero. From that time they are returned towards the anode as well as those returned back to the cathode. There are two oscillatory systems for electrons: one is arranged at the cathode side, another is arranged at the electron reflection electrode side.

Near to the part of the anode closer to the cathode is arranged the ion injection system of injection of ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes directly into the hollow space surrounded by the anode. It is arranged to target with ions the central electronic density region of the device. The speeds/energies of ions injected are such, that the ions are trapped within the anode. They are oscillated within the hollow space inside the anode because of the potential of the cluster of electrons in the electronic density region of the device. Because of the magnetic force/field the movement of the most ions is not straight but round therefore it is important to initially target that ions to the centre density zone of the device. If they are not targeted they may be orbitally moved around the central density zone of the device that is not fusion efficient. The ions during the movement of them to the central electronic density region are accelerated to the nuclear fusion velocities towards each other. In the central electronic density zone of the device their mutual electrostatic repulsion is compensated by the electrons, which are as fluid - the more ions are in the central electronic density region of the device the less is the negative potential of that region, that is instantly compensated by the electronic movement. The ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes are fused at the central electronic density region of the device. The resulted particles of electrical charge - the alpha particles, protons are more energetic than the nuclear fusion fuel ions.

They are not confined within the hollow space within the anode. They are moved into the anode matter then recombined with electrons or their charge is otherwise compensated by electrons. Therefore the electronic current is from the ionization device, which is an ion-injection device or some separate unit, to the anode, that is positively charged. Therefore the energy loss is less, than it would be in case of impact the cathode by energetic ions or protons. The energy of fusion reactions is converted from the kinetic energy of alpha particles or alpha particles and protons into the heat energy of the anode and partially cathode and electron reflection electrode. That heat energy is utilised. The kinetic energy of neutrons is converted to the heat energy by an outer appliance or is spread with the neutrons. The resulted atoms of helium are sucked out by the vacuum pump, that is constantly or periodically active. The purity of the vacuum in the device may be constantly ensured to prevent not useful currents between the parts of the device.

Problems related to Magnetic Mirroring (Figure 4, Figure 5)

The effect of magnetic mirroring is in the regions of gradual increase of the magnetic strength. The particles with the constituent of the velocity perpendicular to the magnetic line are decelerated along the magnetic lines in case of their movement towards the more magnetic region and accelerated along the magnetic line in case of their movement towards the less magnetic region. That is because of the different turn in space angles in the different positions. At one side from the central magnetic line of the trajectory of the particle the magnetic direction is not parallel to the magnetic direction at the opposite side from the central magnetic line mentioned.

Therefore in case of movement of particles not parallel to the magnetic lines to a certain extent, the particles may be reflected in the zones of increase of magnetic strength. That zones are aside the central electronic density region of the device. However not all the electrons are reflected, there are those electrons, moved in the directions of the magnetic lines, that are not reflected. To increase the number of them the device should be accurately designed and tuned for the electrostatic acceleration of the particles to be along the magnetic lines.

Though in the approach to the electronic density zone, the forces of electrostatic repulsion from inside the electronic column and the forces of electrostatic repulsion from the charge of the electrons in the electronic density zone of the device are directed outside the electronic column (Figure 5). The forces of electrostatic repulsion in the centre of the electronic column are not directed outside the electronic column but alongside the magnetic lines. Therefore the electrons in the centre of the electronic column are not mirrored. The electrons near to the surface of the electronic column may be mirrored. The mirrored electrons are stopped in the side zones (in radial directions) of the electronic column. The time of presence of stopped electron is more than the time of presence of moving electron, therefore the electric potential in the side zones of the electronic column is increased. The result of that is the compensation of the forces of electrostatic repulsion from the central part of the electronic column and therefore some considerable part of the electrons inside the electronic column is not mirrored and is passed into the central electronic density zone of the device.

The items of the Figure 4, Figure 5: 17 - The side extra negative electric potential region; 18 - As a trajectory of an electron inside the column; 19 - As a trajectory of an electron being mirrored near to the surface of the column; 20 - The force of electrostatic repulsion in the centre of the electronic column in radial directions; 21 - The force of electrostatic repulsion at the surface of the electronic column.

Problems related to ion injection (Figure 6, Figure 7)

The ion injection done aside the electronic column may be not fusion efficient because of the magnetic force/field, perpendicular to lines of that the injection is done. The trajectory of the most ions may be aside the electronic column in that case. (Figure 6)

In case of injection of the ions into the electronic column in the thick part of the electronic column, the ions are squeezed alongside the magnetic lines by electrostatic force of attraction to the charge in the central electronic density zone of the device. (Figure 7) The injection of the ions into the electronic column can be used to increase the efficiency of the nuclear fusion device.

The items of the Figure 6, Figure 7: 22 - The ion injection unit; 23 - The injection of ions; 24 - As an ion trajectory; 25 - The electronic column; 26 - The hard cover.

Energy utilisation

The energy converted to the heat energy of the anode is transferred to the liquid flow, then the hot liquid is used outside the device to heat or to move some mechanical device. That device can be the steam engine or turbine. Alternatively the heat energy can be converted to the electrical energy by not mechanical unit. Also the gas flow can be spread into the device, then the energy of the hot gas can be converted into the mechanical energy, though in that case inside the device the temperature may be much more than in the case of the usage of the steam turbine or engine. The case with the gas flow inside the device may be difficult to implement. On the contrary the steam device can be easily implemented.

Energy efficiency estimation

The energy efficiency of the device is dependant on the energy income to energy losses rate.

If to assume, that we have to fuse 1'000'000 nuclea of Deuterium and Tritium. The total amount of energy is [3,5MeV +12,5MeV)x500'000 , it is 8xl0l2eV .

If we have the rate of fusion - 30%, meant 30% of the ions are fused, the 70% of the ions are lost. Assume, that 80% of the ions are lost to the positively charged anode or ion injection device, the 20% are lost to the relatively negatively charged cathode or electron reflection electrode because it is approximately the angle surface rate of that electrodes from the central electronic density region of the device. Assume also, that the loss of particle to the anode is 10% particle energy loss. The energy of the fuel ion is 50 KeV , the total percent of the energy loss rate is 21.6%, the total amount of the lost fusion fuel ion energy is 108X \(f eV . Total amount of the energy released from the nuclear fusion of the 30% of ions is 24X\0neV . Assume the efficiency of the steam engine and some other devices is 3%, then the result amount of energy is 72Xl09eF . To fuse 1'000'000 nuclea 50X\09eV is needed. The energy output from the steam engine is 72X\09eV . The energy output is more than the energy needed to sustain the reaction. The rate is 72/50 = 1.44 . A case of the design of the device

The device is comprised from the steel vacuum chamber. The walls of that vacuum chamber are quite thick made from ferromagnetic material to prevent magnetic effects caused by internal magnet outside that vacuum chamber. The electric potential of the walls of the vacuum chamber is zero - the walls are grounded. The vacuum chamber is made from the three parts - the cylindrical central part and two side dishes. The dishes are fixed by the set of bolts. Inside that vacuum chamber is fixed by the set of bolts magnet, to which is fixed the cylindrical anode. The side dishes are covered with dielectric material to prevent electronic current between the side vacuum chamber dishes and the cathode or electron reflection electrode. In the side dishes are made holes for wires, in one of them two holes, in another one hole. In the central part of the vacuum chamber are made 7 holes. 2 of them are for cooling liquid pipes, one for nuclear fusion fuel supply pipe, one for output to the vacuum pump pipe, three for wires for ion injection system. In that vacuum chamber is made a window hole with glass to see the process. That window is made against the electronic density region of the device. Also to the vacuum chamber central unit are welded two support plates for the cylindrical device to be well-situated on the table.

The ion injection unit is inserted into the anodic hollow space and fixed there.

The enhanced arrangements 1. The magnetic confinement of the exhaust particles for the propulsion or direct energy conversion to the electrical energy purposes.

The difference from the basic arrangement is the more magnitude of the magnetic force/field enough to confine exhaust particles in radial directions of the device. The particles are passed through the permeable to the exhaust charged particles cathode and electron reflection electrode. There is the exhaust particle collection/reflection electrode arranged outside the cathode or the anode. The potential of that electrode is positive, the amount of the potential is much more than the potential of the anode. Because of the potential 70 times more than the potential of the anode some difficulties could be to implement that device. The exhaust particles moved in one direction could be used for propulsion purposes. Also because of more magnitude of the magnetic force/field there can be difficulties targeting the nuclear fusion fuel ions. A more accurate targeting may be needed. The permeable to the charged exhaust particles cathode and electron reflection electrode could be grid-formed. The device can be used for space propulsion purposes and for efficient energy supplying, though the implementation is more difficult.

The figure 3 items: 13 - The exhaust particles of electrical charge reflection electrode: 14 - The cathode permeable or semi-permeable to the exhaust particles of positive charge: 15 - The electron reflection electrode permeable or semi-permeable to the positive charge exhaust particles: 16 - The exhaust particle iet.

Scalability of the device

Though the scalability of the device is not fully explored yet, there are reasons to consider the device to be well-scalable because there is not any constituent part too much dependable on the elementary size. The size of the internal electronic density zone is not dependable much on the elementary size but could be dependable on the potential and the size of the other component. The arrangement of the ion injection unit is dependable on the circumference of the ion trajectory. But the ion injection unit can be rearranged to compensate relative changes of the ion trajectory sizes.

Claims

1. The nuclear fusion device comprised from: the cathode and the electron reflection electrode with the same potentials; the positively charged anode between the stated cathode and electron reflection electrode; the hollow space inside the stated anode; the magnet with the magnitude of the magnetic force/field greater inside the stated hollow space, than in the end region of the stated hollow space and the cathode, in a magnetic pole direction of the stated magnet; the ion injection device of injection of ions of nuclear fusion fuel isotopes directly into the stated hollow space.

2. The device of Claim 1 with the arrangement of the stated ion injection device so, that ions are injected from the direction of the magnetic pole of the mentioned magnet or from the direction close to the direction of the magnetic pole of the mentioned magnet.

3. The device of Claim 1 with the additional arrangement of the electrode of reflection of exhaust particles of positive electrical charge.

4. The device of Claim 1 with the additional arrangement of the electrode of collection of exhaust particles of positive electrical charge.

5. The device of Claim 1 with the cathode electrode fully or partially permeable to the exhaust particles of positive electrical charge.

6. The device of Claim 1 with the electron reflection electrode fully or partially permeable to the exhaust particles of positive electrical charge.