GB2544794A

GB2544794A - Loading vehicle attachments, and methods of folding a metal sheet

Info

Publication number: GB2544794A
Application number: GB1520995.0A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Andrew Leslie Christopher; James Leslie Daniel
Original assignee: Eastern Attachments Ltd
Current assignee: Eastern Attachments Ltd
Priority date: 2015-11-27
Filing date: 2015-11-27
Publication date: 2017-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2035-11-27
Also published as: GB201520995D0; GB2544833A; GB2544832A; GB2544833B; GB2544832B; GB201609763D0; GB2546155B; GB201609762D0; GB2544794B; GB201619929D0; GB2546155A

Abstract

A load carrier comprising upper and lower jaws 2, 3, to facilitate the grabbing of a load to be carried by the attachment, wherein a folded sheet metal portion 4 is provided across at least one of the jaws 2, 3, the folded sheet metal portion comprising a fold portion 9, an upper wing 7 and a lower wing 8 formed by the sheet metal and projecting from both sides of the fold portion 9 forming an acute angle between the wings 7, 8, and one or more tines 15 being secured to the at least one jaw 2, 3 and bisecting both the upper and tower wings 7, 8. The sheet metal portion may formed of structural steel with a yield strength grade of at least 275. Also disclosed is a die (35, fig 5.) for a press for folding sheet metal, comprising a cavity (37 fig. 5) into which sheet metal is pressed, the cavity (37 fig. 5) being between upwardly extending members (38, 39, fig. 5) on opposite sides of the cavity (37 fig. 5), wherein one or more load bearing rollers (40, 47 fig. 5) form part of the upwardly extending members (38, 39 fig. 5). Preferably the steel is of yield strength grade between S355 and S875, between S400 and S700, between S400 and S450 or between S575 and S625. Preferably the inner radius R21 is between 17 and 25 millimetres, and more preferably it is 21 mm.

Description

Loading Vehicle Attachments, arid Methods of Folding a MefalShe&t

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to loading vehicle attachments» dies suitable for use in a pn »s for folding sheet metal folding presses, and methods of folding a mefil sheet.

Background to the Invention and Prior Art known to the Applicants

The Applicants manufacture a range of loading vehicle attachments which comprise for example buckets, grabbers, forks, sweepers, skips and collectors. These are generally suitable for attachment to a vehicle. The vehicles to which these attachments are secured maybe road going work vehicles, in certain embodiments the term vehicle may appropriately include sea and snow going vehicles. When applied to particularly heavy duty work vehicles any improvement in the structure of the loading vehicle attachments will enhance the load bearing capabilities, the efficiency with which the load is carried and the durability of the leading vehicle attachment when submitted, in use,· to repetitive significant stresses and strains. One of the problems which the invention addresses is to improve the toughness and strength of such loading vehicle attachments. As part of this common inventive concept, the invention also provides the tools required in the production of loading vehicle attachments which are able to possess greater toughness and overall structural efficiency.

Summary of the Invention

In a first broad independent aspect, the invention provides a loading vehicle attachment comprising a load carrier suitable for attachment to a vehicle, the load carrier incorporates an upper and a lower jaw to facilitate the grabbing of a load to be carried by the attachment, wherein a folded sheet metal portion is provided across at least one of the jaws, the folded sheet metal portion comprising a fold portion, an upper wing and a lower wing formed by the sheet metal and projecting from both sides of the fold portion and thereby forming an acute anile between the: wings, and one or more tines ling secured to the at (east one jaw and bisecting both the upper and lower wings.

This configuration is particularly advantageous because it provides advantageous reinforcement around the built-in portion of a tine where the bending moments cause stresses and strains to be concentrated, this configuration further improves the ability of the folded sheet metal portion to fit into or be secured to the rest of the jaw.

In s subsidiary aspect, the folded sheet metal portion is a structural steel with a yield strength greeter than $275. This configuration is particularly advantageous in further strengthening the folded sheet metal portion for improved resistance to plastic deformation.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than S355 and lower than $875, This configuration further improves the overall resistance to unwarranted deformation.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than 5400 and lower than S700. in a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than S400 and lower than SdiOt in a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than 5575 and lower than 5625.

In a further subsidiary aspect; the sheet metal portion has a thickness of 8 to 10 millimetres. This configuration further optimises the robustness of the overall fold portion and its upper and lower wings.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the folded portion has an inner radius of 17 to 25 millimetres. This kind of radius marks a departure from the prior art whilst allowing, reduction in the concentration of stresses and strains which may be otherwise present in a folded portion of this kind.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the folded portion has an inner radius of substantially 21 millimetres. This configuration further improves the efficiency of the structure of the loading vehicle attachment

In a further subsidiary aspect, the acute angle is of 30 to 60 degrees. This configuration ί| particularly advantageous in terms of distribution of the loading to which the attachment is subjected in use. in a further subsidiary aspect, the acute angle is of 40 to 45 degrees. A further significant improvement step is obtained when providing this range of acute angle in order to maximise the life expectancy for this kind of loading vehicle attachment when used with a work vehicle.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the at least one jaw incorporates one or more webs located between the wings; one or more webs being attached to the wings. This configuration is particularly advantageous in order to present webs in a strengthening orientation relative to the wings of the folded sheet metal portion. This configuration further improves the interconnection between components of the jaw of the loading vehicle attachment.

In a second Drcad independent aspect, the invention provides a die suitable for use in press for folding sheet metal comprising a cavity into which, in use, the sheet metal is pressed; the cavity being provided between upwardly extending members located on opposite sides of the cavity, the die being characterised by one or more load bearing rollers which are provided as part of the upwardly extending members to engage, in use, with a sheet metal during folding. This configuration is particularly advantageous since it may allow operators to more readily loaisheets into a press or a so called press break, in a preferred embodiment the bad bearing rollers are able to rotate relative to a support axis allowing for the sheet to be rolled irsto place. The provision of load bearing rollers also allows the surface of the sheet to be protected from damage such as unwarranted marking when the sheets are loaded over the tooling and thereafter during the pressing dr folding process. The provision of load bearing rollers also increases the achievable level of acute angles when pressing a sheet, against the tooling. One of the advantages of the provision of load bearing rollers is the prevention of the sheet being stuck in the tooling when pressing acute angles.

The press tool may also achieve much higher inner radii for the fold portion. The achieved improvement in capacity of the radii achieved may be as high as an 80% improvement when compared to conventional V-shaped dies. The provision of load bearing rollers may also increase the capacity of the die to handle sheets of greater thickness and higher tensile strengths, in particular, it has been noticed that an 80 to 100% improvement in sheet thickness and tensile strength may be achieved.

The die will also increase the ability to fold acute angles over conventional tools. This is particularly advantageous in terms of improving the strength of the shapes that may be formed when using this tool. Furthermore, a reduction of tonnage of the energy required in the method of folding a sheet metal may be achieved, in particular, a 20% reduction in press break tonnage has been achieved. Another advantage is the ability of this tool to withstand the wear and tear, Typical tools tend to wear at a much faster rate as a metal sheet is dragged over the exposed surface of a die. With the dramatic decrease in the friction between a sheet and the load bearing rollers the exposed surfaces of the sheet are preserved whilst the bad bearing rollers enjoy a greater longevity. in a subsidiary aspect the or each roller comprises an outer annular bearing, this configuration allows the stress and strains to advantageously be distributed and for friction to be minimised. in a subsidiary aspect the outer annular bearing surrounds bearing rods. This configuration allows the load to be spread along at least a portion of the width of the topi for maximum efficiency of operation.

In δ further subsidiary aspect, the bearing rods surround a central support shaft. This configuration is particularly advantageous in terras of minimising the number of components whilst achieving improvements in the production of friction and in the bad bearing capacity of the load bearing rollers, in a subsidiary aspect, each side of the cavity comprises a plurality of distinct individually rotatable rollers. This allows the bad to be spread and for advantageous potential maintenance of individual rollers.

In a subsidiary aspect, both upwardly extending members comprise a plurality of rollers, and a plurality of distinct mounts for spacing neighbouring ro. ers from one another. This configuration also improves the ability with which individual rollers are free to move and engage with the metal sheet.

In a subsidiary aspect, the cavity is substantially U-shaped. This allows the tool to achieve a wider radius and a more acute angle.

In a subsidiary aspect, the substantially U-shaped cavity is defined by oppositely disposed substantially vertical wall portions and a substantially horizontal base portion; angled regions being provided between the substantially horizontal base portion and respective substantially vertical wall portions, This configuration is particularly advantageous in terms of improving the structural strength of the die itself.

In a further broad independent aspect, the invention provides a folding press comprising ® die according to any of the preceding aspects which relate to a die. in a further independent aspect, the invention provides a method of folding a metal sheet comprising the steps of; « providing a folding press with a die according to any of the appropriate preceding aspects; ® supporting at least part of the metal sheet on the rollers; ® rolling the sheet into position prior to folding; & applying the punch against the metal sheet; and allowing the metal sheet' to engage with the rollers during folding.

This configuration is particularly advantageous since it allows the advantageous positioning of the metal sheet whilst preventing |r at least minimising any surface damage, it is also particularly beneficial for manually placing the sheet into the folding press, in embodiments where the folding press is automatically fed with an appropriate metal sheet, a handling machine or component may also more straightforwardly position the sheet prior to and after folding. in a further broad independent aspect, the invention provides a loading vehicle attachment comprising a load carrier suitable for attachment to a vehicle: said load carrier comprising one or more walls within which at least part of the load is carried; the walls comprising a sheet of metal which incorporates a folded portion; characterised in that the sheet of metal comprises a structural steel with a yield strength grade greater than S275, and a thickness of 4 to 10 millimetres; the folded portion possessing an inner radius of 17 to 25 millimetres.

This configuration is particularly advantageous in terms of providing a particularly robust and tough fold portion which serves it Improve in turn the robustness and toughness ©f tie loading vehicle attachment which incorporates such a fold portion, it also provides improved distribution of concentrations of stresses and strains, it allows for a reduction of any permanent yielding or plastic deformation of the structure for enhanced longevity or life cycle of the attachment.

In ;jfsubsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than 5355 and lower than S875.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than S400 and lower than S7G0.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than S40O and lower than S4SG.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the grade is greater than S575 and lower than S625.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the thickness is of 4 to 5 millimetres.

In a further subsidiary aspect', the thickness is of S to 10 millimetres.

In a further subsidiary aspect the loading vehicle attachment further comprises a first wing and a second wing formed oy ‘he sheet metaland projecting from both sides of the fold portion and forming an acute angle between the wings.

In a further subsidiary aspect the folded portion has an inner radius of 17 to 25 millimetres.

Preferably, the folded portion has an inner rad us of substantially 21 millimetres.

In a further subsidiary aspect, the acute angle is of 30 to 60 cog ees.

Preferably, the acute angle is of 40 to 45 degrep;

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a loading vehicle attachment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 shows a side elevation of the loading vehicle attachment of f igure 1.

Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a portion of a jaw of the loading vehicle attachment of Figures 1 and 2..

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a folded sheet metal portion of the kind shown in Figure 3.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a die of a folding press suitable for folding a metal sheet;

Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view across a pair of oppositely disposed load beanng roller®.

Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of a die of a folding press where the die may be employed to fold sheet metal with a more acute angle than the angle achieved in the preceding embodiment

Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view through opposite load bearing rollers of a die of a folding tool in accordance with the embodiment of Figure 7¾

Oetg[led.Descdbtim.oilhe±igM^s

Figure 1 slows a loading vehicle attachment generally referenced 1. The loading vehicle attachment of Figure 1 takes the form of a grabber with an upper jaw 2 and a lower jaw 3. The upper jaw 2 incorporates a folded shell metal portion 4 which extends across the width of the grabber. The folded sheet metal portion 4 is secured to a lateral arm 5 (as best illustrated in figure 2) which at its forward most extremity 6 forms a web which fits between upper wing 7 and lower wing 8 of the folded sheet metal portion. The folded sheet metal portion 4 has a rounded forward most fold portion 9, The lateral arm 5 has at Its rear most extremity a primary pivot point IP which allows the lateral arm 5 to pivot relati ve to a latera l plate 11 which forms a junction member between the upper jaw 2 and tie lower jaw 3. A ram or hydraulic actuator 12 may be provided between a lower portion of the plate 11 and the upper most portion of the rear most, extremity of arm 5 where a further pivot point 13 is provided. The ram or hydraulic actuator may be provided between pivot point 13 and a further pivot point 14 on the central plate 11. By actuating the ra m or hydraulic actuator jaw 2 may be displaced between a relatively open position and a relatively dosed position as shown In Figure I, Further opening and closing of the jaw may be achieved by appropriate actuation.

The ibwer jaw 3 is formed by a succession of tines such as tine 15 which are regularly spaced. Each tine substantially extends in a longitudinal direction with a forward most tip, The tip may end with a rounded surface. Advantageously, the lower surface of each tine may incorporate a slight recess. Each one of the tines of the lower jaw Is secured to a cross-piece 17 extending between lateral plates such plate 11, The cross-piece 17 possesses a plurality of apertures through which the tines are secured. A rear panel 18 is provided in order to prevent the contents exiting to the rear. The rear panel converges towards a line 19 whxn separates two substantially flat surfaces. Plate IS also possesses a number of apertures such as apertures iO which have triangular aspects. Furthermore, a wedge shaped aperture 21 is provided in an upper plate 22. A similarly shaped but oppositely orientated aperture 23 is provided in a position spaced from the first aperture 21.

The upper jaw 2 also carries a plurality of tines 24 which are shaped as a bow or arc The forward most surface 25 and the rear most surface 26 converge towards a tip 27. At extremity 28 tine 24 bisects the upper and lower wings 7 and 8 of the folded sheet metal portion. Furthermore extremity 28 of the tine is secured permanently to the upper jaw. A plurality of tines of this kind are provided in spaced apart locations projecting from the folded sheet metal portion. Appropriate fasteners may be provided for attaching ajj|y permanently the tines to the upper jaw.

In order to accommodate, each one of these tines the folded sheet metal portion 4 incorporates a series of apertures or holes such as hole 29 (as shown in Figure 3) corresponding holes may be provided in both upper wing 7 and lower wing 8 of the folded sheet metal portion 4. Integrally formed with the folded metal sheet portion are shoulders 30 and 31 which are located on either side of the grabber and will be positioned within lateral arms such as lateral arm 5. An attachment member 33 (as shown in Figure 2} may be provided to secure the loading vehicle attachment to a work vehicle or any other appropriate vehicle. A bore or hole 32 provides the option for an axle to be secured. The recessed portion 34 which may itself present a concave or arc shaped surface may also be provided to engage an appropriate vehicle counterpart.

Figure 4 shows the folded sheet metal portion 4 with an inner radius 6 of 21mm and an upper wing 7 and a lower wing 8 defining an acute angle of 41 degrees, in one embodiment, the folded sheet metal portion has a thickness of 8 millimetres with the sheet metal being of a structural steel with a yield strength grade of S420.

In alternative embodiments, the yield strength grade may be gpater than 5275 whilst the thickness may be of 8 to 10 millimetres, in alternative embodiments, the folded portion may possess an inner radius of 17 to II millimetres^ in a further embodiment, the grade is greater than S3S5 and lower than S8F5. in a further embodiment, the grade is greater than 5400 and lower than $700. In a further embodiment, the grade is greater than $400 and lower than $450. In an alternative embodiment, the grade is greater than SS7S and S625. In an alternative embodiment, the acute angle is between 30 and 60 degrees, in a further embodiment, the acute angle is between 40 and 45 degrees, In a further embodiment; the sheet is of 8 millimetres in thickness and is of a grade of S600 of so-called ultra-high strength steel In a further embodiment, the sheet is of 4 to 5 millimetres with a grade of S600.

The grade values may alternatively be expressed as minimum yield strength values with the numbers indicated previously accompanied with their units of N/mm2 when a metal sheet of 18 millimetres thick is assessed. In other words $275 corresponds to 275N/mm4 Whilst the preceding embodiment discusses specifically a grabber with a folded sheet portion. Other embodiments may concern another kind of loading vehicle attachment where a wall, an exposed edge or another appropriate member possesses a folded sheet metal portion with the properties defined in any preceding aspect.

Figure 5 shows a die 35 of a press for folding sheet metal For simplicity, since these presses are generally of a known kind, this detailed description focuses on the aspects of the die which are new as opposed to the conventional components of typical presses such as their ptellufe applying punches and other potential sheet feeding and handling devices. Die 35 comprises a block 36 with a base portion 3? and two oppositely disposed lateral walls 38 and 39, Walls 38 and 39 possess a castellation in their upper most region for receiving a plurality of load bearing rollers such as roller 40. A central shaft. 41 extends from the outer most mount 42 to at least a first spacer 43. In a preferred embodiment, the central shaft 41 extendi through each one of the spacers 43 provided between the various rollers and is secured to mount 44, Each one of the spacers such as spacer 43 may incorporate an angled corner 4$. A pin 46 may be employed to secure the central shaft 41 in its position. Further such pins may be provided as appropriate at different locations of the tool Each one of the rollers such as roller 47 may be a single piece of cylindrical bearilg material In preferred embodiments however the load bearing rollers incorporate an outer annular bearing 48 which surrounds a plurality of bearing rods 49 which may extend the width of the outer annular bearing 48, Each one of these rods may be elongate cylindrical members. These may either be disposed in a closely contiguous manner or appropriately spaced apart. The invention also envisages that the rods may be rep aced by spherical components or a plurality of spherical components disposed between the outer annular bearing and an inner annular bearing 50. An inner annular bearing may be provided to be secured onto the central shaft 41. Block 36 may incorporate an elongate mount 51 extending across the block to faciiitate the attachment of the block to a receiving portion of a folding press, in order to provide additional strength to the structure of the block the lateral walls 38 and 39 are reinforced by a thickened portion 52 and 53 which present a 45 degree tapered face. The combination of the walls 38 and 39 together with the base 37 form an overall U-shaped configuration, with in a preferred embodiment, facets 52 and S3 in the junction region between wall 38 and base 37, These combine to form the cavity into which a sheet of metal is folded as the folding press employs an appropriately shaped punch to pressure the sheet into a permanently folded configuration.

As best seen in Figure 6, the outer annular bearing 48 is exposed in all directions other than directly underneath the bearing so that an operator may readily nest a metal sheet onto the rollers which allow straightforward displacement of the metal sheet into position prior tp the folding operation. During folding the lower surface of the metal sheet which is in contact with the load bearing rollers avoids damage as the sheet is pressed into the cavity of the die due to the action of the punch (not shown), ©nee the sheet has been folded any elastic displacement of the sheet apinst the load bearing .rollers would not lead to damage of the engaging surface, in the embodiment of Figure 7, a similarly structured die is provided as just described in Figures 5 and 6. identical components have not been described for simplicity. Die 54 provides a much narrower cavity 55 when contrasted with the much wider cavity of die 35. it has a block 56 where the upper casteliations have an inclined surface 57. A pin 58 may also be provided to secure a central shaft 59. Other characteristics appear to be identical to those described with reference to Figures 5 and 5,

Claims

1. A loading vehicle attachment comprising a bad carrier suitable for attachment to a vehicle; said bad carrier incorporates an upper and a lower jaw to facVtate the grabbing of a load to be carried by the attachment, wherein a folded sheet metal portion is provided across at least one of said jaws, said fold!! sheet metal portion comprising a fold portion, an upper wing and a lower wing formed by said sheet metal and projecting from both sides of said fold portion and thereby forming an acute angle between said wings, and one or more tines being secured to said at least one jaw and bisecting both said upper and lower wings.

2. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 1, wherein sard folded sheet, metal portion is of structural steel with a yield strength grade greater than $275.

3. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 2; wherein said grade is greater than $3$1 and lower than $875.

4. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 3, wherein said grade is greater than S4Q0 end lower than $700,

5. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 4, wherein said grade is greater than S400 and lower than S4S0.

6. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 4, wherein said grade is greater than $575 and lower than S625.

7. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said sheet metal portion has a thickness of 8 to 10 millimetres.

8. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said folded portion has an inner radius of 17 to 25 millimetres.

9. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of the preceding claims, wherein sa'd folded portion has an inner radius of substantially 21 millimetres,

10. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of the preceding claims, wherein sail acute angle is of 30 to 60 degrees,

11. A loading vehicle attachment according to anv of the preceding claims, wherein said acute angle is of 40 to 45 degrees,

12. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one jaw incorporates one or more webs located between said wings; sail one. or more webs being attached to said wings.

13. A die suitable for use in a press for folding sheet metal comprising a cavity into which, in use, said sheet metal is pressed; said cavity being provided between upwardly extending members located on opposite sides of said cavity; said die being characterised by one or more load bearing rollers which are provided as part of said upwardly extending members to engage, in use, with a sheet metal during folding.

14. A die according to claim 13, wherein the or each roller comprises an outer annular bearing,

15. A die according to claim 14, wherein said outer annular bearing surrounds bearing rods.

16. A die according to claim IS, wherein said bearing rods surround a central support shaft.

17. A die according to any of claims 14 to Ί6, wherein each side of said cavity comprises a plurality of distinct individually rotatable rollers.

18. A die according to any of claims 13 to 17, wherein both upwardly extending members comprise a plurality of rollers; and a plurality of distinct mounts for spacing neighbouring rollers from one another,

19. A die according to any of claims 13 to 18, where n slid cavity is substantially U shaped.

20. A die according to claim 19, wherein said substantially U shaped cavity is defined by oppositely disposed substantially vertical wall portions and a substantially horizontal base portion; angled regions being provided between said substantially horizontal base portion and respective substantially vertical wail portions.

21. A folding press comprising a die according to any of claims 13 to 20.

22. A method of folding a metal sheet comprising the steps of: * providing a folding press with a die· according to claims 13 to 20 and a punch; ® supporting at least part of said metal sheet on said miters; ® rolling said sheet, into position prior to folding « applying said punch against said metal sheet; and ® allowing the metal sheet to engage with said rollers during folding.

23. A loading vehicle attachment comprising a load carrier suitable for attachment to a vehicle; said bad carrier comprising one or more walls within which at least part of said load is carried; said walls comprising a sheet of metal which incorporates a folded portion; characterised in that said sheet of metal comprises a structural steel with a yield strength grade greater than 5275, and a thickness of 4 to 10 millimetres; said folded portion possessing an inner radius of 17 to 25 millimetres.

24. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 23, wherein said grade is greater than 335$ and lower than 5875.

25. A loading vehicle attachment according to either claim 23 o * dam 24| wherein said grade is greater than S400 and lower than S700. 26 A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 25, wherein said grade is greater than $400 and lower than S450. It, A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 25, wherein seic grade is greater than S575 and lower than $625,

28. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of claims 23 to 27, wherein sill thickness is of 4 and 3 millimetres.

29. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of claims 23 to 27, wherein said thickness is of 8 to TO millimetres.

30. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of claims 23 to 27, further comprising a first wing and a second wing formed by said sheet metal and projecting from both sides of said fold portion and forming an acute angle between said wings.

31. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of claims 23 to 30, wherein said folded portion has an inner radius of 17 to 25 millimetres.

32. A loading vehicle attachment according to any of claims 23 to 31, wherein said folded portion has an inner radius of substantially 21 millimetres.

33. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 30 or a combination of claim 30 and either claim 21 or claim 32, wherein said acute angle is of 30 to 60 degrees.

34. A loading vehicle attachment according to claim 33, wherein said acute angle is of 40 to 45 degrees,

35. A loading vehicle attachment substantially as hereinbefore described and/or illustrated in any appropriate combination of the accompanying text and/or figures.

36. A die for a folding press substantially as hereinbefore described and/or illustrated in any appropriate combination.