GB2538567A - Method and system for controlling output of nuclear power plants - Google Patents

Method and system for controlling output of nuclear power plants Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2538567A
GB2538567A GB1508863.6A GB201508863A GB2538567A GB 2538567 A GB2538567 A GB 2538567A GB 201508863 A GB201508863 A GB 201508863A GB 2538567 A GB2538567 A GB 2538567A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
controller
control rod
controlling
power plant
output
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GB1508863.6A
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GB2538567B (en
GB201508863D0 (en
Inventor
Tominaga Shinya
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21DNUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D3/00Control of nuclear power plant
    • G21D3/08Regulation of any parameters in the plant
    • G21D3/12Regulation of any parameters in the plant by adjustment of the reactor in response only to changes in engine demand
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00Reactor types
    • G21C1/04Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
    • G21C1/06Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
    • G21C1/08Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor
    • G21C1/084Boiling water reactors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21DNUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D3/00Control of nuclear power plant
    • G21D3/08Regulation of any parameters in the plant
    • G21D3/12Regulation of any parameters in the plant by adjustment of the reactor in response only to changes in engine demand
    • G21D3/14Varying flow of coolant
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21DNUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D3/00Control of nuclear power plant
    • G21D3/08Regulation of any parameters in the plant
    • G21D3/12Regulation of any parameters in the plant by adjustment of the reactor in response only to changes in engine demand
    • G21D3/16Varying reactivity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

Controlling the output of a nuclear power plant, which includes a reactor power controller 12, a recirculation flow controller 5 for controlling a recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller, a control rod drive controller 4, and a main turbine controller 9 for controlling the amount of steam generated from the reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve. The method includes: decreasing the output of the nuclear power plant by the recirculation flow controller when a demand for reducing a load of the nuclear power plant is made; and then drive-controlling the control rod by the control rod drive controller and controlling the control valve and/or the bypass valve by the main turbine controller to reduce the output of the nuclear power plant. The reactor controller can control the pattern of the control rods that are used. The output power may be reduced at a fixed ratio. The power plant may be a boiling water reactor.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING OUTPUT OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and system for controlling output of nuclear power plants which can respond to a demand for a significant load change.
Description of the Related Art
In nuclear power plant industry, devices for controlling output of nuclear power plants which can respond to a demand for a significant load change have conventionally been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-20555) discloses an output control device. With operation of the output control device, upon reception of a demand for a significant load change, a range of reactor power that can be changed by recirculation flow rate adjustment is enlarged by changing a core flow rate while substantially maintaining a current reactor power before output change by using recirculation flow rate adjustment and control rod operation. Then, the recirculation flow rate adjustment and the control rod operation are independently performed to change the reactor power so as to match with a target reactor power.
Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05164891) discloses another reactor power control device. With operation of this reactor power control device, upon occurrence of abrupt load reduction, or in a situation in which rapid lowering of the reactor power is required, runback operation of an internal pump and insertion of a selected control rod are performed together to rapidly reduce output.
In the techniques for the conventional reactor power control devices which can allow the reactor to perform load following operation in response to a demand for a significant load change, a large number of methods involving a combination of recirculation flow rate control and control rod control are studied. However, the combination of recirculation flow rate control and control rod control can only achieve a limited change of output. For example, the reactor power control device disclosed in Patent Document 1 can perform load following operation only in the output range from 50% to 100%.
However, in the case of a vulnerable power system, a larger load following range may be demanded. For example, when it is demanded to change the output of a nuclear power plant from 100% to 20% at a rate of 5% per minute or 20% per minute, the conventional reactor power control devices cannot response to such a demand.
The reactor power control device disclosed in Patent Document 2 can rapidly reduce the reactor power to 20% upon the occurrence of an event of abrupt load reduction, but cannot decrease the output at a constant rate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-stated problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for controlling output of a nuclear power plant which can stably and rapidly reducing the output of the nuclear power plant to a target load at a constant rate in response to a demand for a significant load change.
In order to solve the above-stated problems, a method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant including: a reactor power controller for controlling a reactor power; a recirculation flow controller for controlling a recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller; a control rod drive controller for drive-controlling a control rod; and a main turbine controller for controlling an amount of steam generated from a reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve, the method including: decreasing the output of the nuclear power plant by the recirculation flow controller when a demand for reducing a load of the nuclear power plant is made; and then drive-controlling the control rod by the control rod drive controller and controlling the control valve and/or the bypass valve by the main turbine controller to reduce the output of the nuclear power plant.
A nuclear power plant control system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a nuclear power plant control system for implementing the method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment, including: a reactor power controller for controlling a reactor power; a recirculation flow controller for controlling a recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller; a control rod drive controller for drive-controlling a control rod; and a main turbine controller for controlling an amount of steam generated from a reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, in response to a demand for a significant load change, the output of the nuclear power plant can stably and rapidly be reduced to a target load at a constant rate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an output control system for a nuclear power plant according to a first embodiment; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a reactor power controller according to the first embodiment; and Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a reactor power controller according to a second embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, embodiments of a method and system for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, an example of applying the present embodiment to a boiling water nuclear power plant will be described.
[First Embodiment] A method and system for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
(Configuration) First, a configuration of an output control system for a nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1.
In the present embodiment, output control of a reactor 1 is performed with use of a position of the control rod adjusted by a control rod drive 2 and a recirculation flow rate of cooling water adjusted by an internal pump 3 as illustrated in Fig. 1. The control rod drive 2 is controlled by a control rod drive controller 4, and the internal pump 3 is controlled by a recirculation flow controller 5.
The steam generated inside the reactor 1 is sent to a main turbine 6 through a main steam system. After electric power is taken out from a main generator 7, the steam is condensed in a condenser 8, and is returned to the reactor 1 through a feed water system and a feed water pump (which is not illustrated). The amount of steam supplied to the main turbine 6 from the main steam system is controlled by a main turbine controller 9 which adjusts the openings of a control valve 10 and a bypass valve 11.
A reactor power controller 12 receives an input of a command signal sent via a process computer 13 or a manual operation command signal directly input by an operator, a generator power signal, a reactor pressure signal, and a pressure controller signal. The reactor power controller 12 also outputs a command signal to each of the control rod drive controller 4, the recirculation flow controller 5, and the main turbine controller 9.
A description is now given of the reactor power controller 12 with reference to Fig. 2.
The reactor power controller 12 includes a generator power setting unit 14, a generator power controller 15, a core flow controller 16, and a control rod controller 17.
The generator power setting unit 14 calculates a target generator power based on a target value of the generator power which is input via the process computer 13 or by direct manual operation by an operator and based on an power change rate.
The generator power controller 15 generates a reactor power setting signal based on a deviation between the target generator power calculated by the generator power setting unit 14 and the generator power, and outputs the generated signal to the core flow controller 16, the control rod controller 17, and the main turbine controller 9.
The core flow controller 16 generates a core flow command signal based on a deviation between the reactor power setting signal input from the generator power controller and a pressure controller signal input from the turbine controller 9, and outputs the generated signal to the recirculation flow controller 5.
The control rod controller 17 generates a control rod withdrawal or insertion command signal based on a deviation between the reactor power setting signal input from the generator power controller 15 and the pressure controller signal, and outputs the generated signal to the control rod drive controller 4.
The main turbine controller 9 generates a command signal of opening of the control valve 10 and/or the bypass valve 11 based on the reactor power setting signal input from the generator power controller 15, a main turbine speed signal, and a reactor pressure signal. The main turbine controller 9 then outputs the generated signal to the control valve 10 and/or the bypass valve 11.
(Function) A description will be given about how the output control system for the nuclear power plant having the above-described configuration works in the case of rapidly decreasing a load, that is, in the case of, for example, occurrence of a demand of decreasing an output percentage from 100% to 20% at a rate of 5% per minute.
First, the reactor power controller 12 uses the recirculation flow controller 5 to decrease the reactor power. Since a response of the recirculation flow rate is relatively fast, a generator power can be decreased at a rate of 5% per minute, but after the internal pump 3 that controls the recirculation flow rate reaches a minimum speed, further adjustment is not available. While a range of output decrease that can be achieved with the certain recirculation flow rate depends on the states of the core at that time, the output can generally be decreased to about 60%.
After the recirculation flow rate decreases and the internal pump 3 reaches the minimum speed, output decrease by the control rod drive controller 4 is started. Accordingly, a signal indicating that the internal pump 3 has reached the minimum speed is input to the reactor power controller 12 from the recirculation flow controller 5. As a result, output from the core flow controller 16 to the recirculation flow controller 5 is stopped, and output decrease by the control rod controller 17 is started.
An output response by control rod insertion is relatively slow, and therefore it is impossible to decrease the generator power at a rate of 5% per minute only by the control rod insertion. Accordingly, the generator power controller 15 outputs a reactor power setting signal to the control rod controller 17 to execute control rod drive control, and, at the same time, the generator power controller 15 also outputs a reactor power setting signal to the main turbine controller 9 to close the control valve 10 at a specified speed, so that the generator power is decreased to a specified value at a specified rate. During this operation, if a mismatch occurs between the reactor power and the generator power, the main turbine controller 9 opens the bypass valve 11 to discharge the steam excessively generated to the condenser 8 to resolve the mismatch.
After the generator power has reached a specified value, and after the mismatch between the reactor power and the generator power has been resolved by the output decrease caused by the control rod drive controller 4, the bypass valve 11 is closed.
As a result, the main turbine controller 9 can change the generator power to a specified value at a specified rate, while the control rod controller 17 executes insertion control of the control rod so that the reactor power can also be decreased.
(Effect) According to the present embodiment, when a significant load change demand is made in a nuclear power plant, the reactor power controller 12 controls the recirculation flow controller 5, the control rod drive controller 4, and the main turbine controller 9 in accordance with the output of the nuclear power plant and control characteristics of the respective controllers, so that the controllers operate in cooperation with each other. This makes it possible to stably and speedily decrease the load of the nuclear power plant to a specified value at a specified rate.
[Second Embodiment] A method and system for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Component members identical or similar to those in the above embodiment are designated by identical reference numerals to omit redundant description.
(Configuration) A reactor power controller 12 according to the present embodiment includes, as illustrated in Fig. 3, a generator power setting unit 14, a generator power controller 15, a core flow controller 16, a control rod controller 17, a control rod pattern setting device 18, and a control rod pattern determination device 19.
-10 -The control rod pattern setting device 18 receives an input of a target control rod pattern. The target control rod pattern is a control rod pattern matched with a reactor power corresponding to a target value of a generator power.
The control rod pattern determination device 19 compares the target control rod pattern input from the control rod pattern setting device 18 with an actual control rod pattern (real control rod pattern) input from the control rod drive controller 4. Based on the comparison result, the control rod pattern determination device 19 generates a withdrawal or insertion command signal for a control rod, and outputs the generated signal to the control rod drive controller 4.
When the target control rod pattern is considerably different from the real control rod pattern, the control rod pattern determination device 19 outputs an insertion/withdrawal prevention signal, which prevents the withdrawal or insertion command signal from being output from the control rod controller 17, to the control rod controller 17.
Therefore, the control rod controller 17 outputs the withdrawal or insertion command signal of the control rod to the control rod drive controller 4 only when the insertion/withdrawal prevention signal is not output from the control rod pattern determination device 19. When the insertion/withdrawal prevention signal is output, the control rod controller 17 does not perform signal output.
When the insertion/withdrawal prevention signal is output, a different target control rod pattern may be input to the control rod pattern setting device 18, so that the reinput target control rod pattern is compared with a real control rod pattern, and the aforementioned procedures may be repeated.
The generator power setting unit 14, the generator power controller 15, the core flow controller 16, and the main turbine controller 9 have the same functions as those in the first embodiment.
(Function) A description will be given how the output control system for the nuclear power plant having the above-described configuration works in the case of rapidly decreasing a load, that is, in the case of, for example, occurrence of a demand of decreasing an output percentage from 100% to 20% at a rate of 5% per minute.
First, the reactor power controller 12 uses the recirculation flow controller 5 to decrease the reactor power. In that case, the operation until the internal pump 3 reaches the minimum speed is identical to that of the first embodiment.
The subsequent bypass valve opening control by the main turbine controller 9 is also identical to that of the first embodiment. However, in the present embodiment, a command signal for withdrawal/insertion of the control rod in this case is output from the control rod pattern determination device 19.
-12 -The target control rod pattern of the control rod pattern determination device 19 is preset to a control rod pattern corresponding to 20% output by the control rod pattern setting device 18. Insertion and withdrawal operation of the control rod is continuously performed until the target pattern is fulfilled.
As a consequence, as in the first embodiment, the main turbine controller 9 can change the generator power to a specified value at a specified rate. At the same time, setting a target control rod pattern makes it possible to insert the control rod continuously and rapidly until the target control rod pattern is fulfilled. This makes it possible to decrease the reactor power to a target reactor power at the highest rate. (Effect) According to the present embodiment, not only the operational effect of the first embodiment is achieved, but also the target control rod pattern is set so that the control rod can be inserted continuously and rapidly until the target control rod pattern is fulfilled. As a result, it becomes possible to decrease the reactor power to a target reactor power at the highest rate, and to safely and speedily decrease the load of the nuclear power plant to a specified value at a specified rate.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in the foregoing, the embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to restrict the scope of the invention. These new embodiments can be performed in other -13 -various forms, and various kinds of removals, combinations, replacements, and modifications are possible without departing from the meaning of the present invention. The embodiments and their modifications are embraced in the range and meaning of the present invention, and are embraced in the range of the invention disclosed in the range of the claims and the equivalency thereof.
-14 -

Claims (6)

  1. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant, the nuclear power plant including a reactor power controller for controlling a reactor power, a recirculation flow controller for controlling a recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller, a control rod drive controller for drive-controlling a control rod, and a main turbine controller for controlling an amount of steam generated from a reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve, the method comprising: decreasing the output of the nuclear power plant by the recirculation flow controller when a demand for reducing a load of the nuclear power plant is made; and then drive-controlling the control rod by the control rod drive controller and controlling the control valve and/or the bypass valve by the main turbine controller to reduce the output of the nuclear power plant.
  2. 2. The method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, wherein the reactor power controller includes a control rod pattern setting device for receiving an input of a target control rod pattern signal, and the control rod drive controller drive-controls the control rod based on the target control rod pattern signal.
    -15 -
  3. 3. The method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the recirculation flow controller controls the recirculation flow rate until a speed of an internal pump reaches a set minimum speed.
  4. 4. The method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein the output of the nuclear power plant is reduced at a fixed ratio.
  5. 5. A nuclear power plant control system, for implementing the method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to any one of claims 1 through 4, the system comprising: a reactor power controller for controlling a reactor power; a recirculation flow controller for controlling a recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller; a control rod drive controller for drive-controlling a control rod; and a main turbine controller for controlling an amount of steam generated from a reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve.-16 -
  6. 6. The nuclear power plant control system according to claim 5, wherein the reactor power controller includes a control rod pattern setting device for receiving an input of a target control rod pattern signal.-17 -Amendments to the claims have been made as follows: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant, the nuclear power plant including a reactor power controller for controlling a reactor power, a recirculation flow controller for controlling a recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller, a control rod drive controller for drive-controlling a control rod, and a main turbine controller for controlling an amount of steam generated from a reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve, the method comprising: decreasing the output of the nuclear power plant at a cr) fixed ratio by the recirculation flow controller when a demand for reducing a load of the nuclear power plant is made; and then Ndrive-controlling the control rod by the control rod drive controller and controlling the control valve and/or the bypass valve by the main turbine controller to reduce the output of the nuclear power plant at the same fixed ratio.2. The method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, wherein the reactor power controller includes a control rod pattern setting device for receiving an input of a target control rod pattern signal, and the control rod drive controller drive-controls the control rod based on the target control rod pattern signal.3. The method for controlling output of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the recirculation flow controller controls the recirculation flow rate until a speed of an internal pump reaches a set minimum speed.4. A nuclear power plant control system, adapted to implement the method for controlling output of a nuclear cr) power plant according to any one of claims 1 through 3, the system comprising: a reactor power controller for controlling a reactor power; a recirculation flow controller for controlling a C\I recirculation flow rate based on an output signal from the reactor power controller; a control rod drive controller for drive-controlling a control rod; and a main turbine controller for controlling an amount of steam generated from a reactor and supplied to a main turbine with a control valve and a bypass valve.5. The nuclear power plant control system according to claim 4, wherein the reactor power controller includes a control rod pattern setting device for receiving an input of a target control rod pattern signal.
GB1508863.6A 2014-05-23 2015-05-22 Method and system for controlling output of nuclear power plants Expired - Fee Related GB2538567B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP2014107248A JP2015222230A (en) 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 Output control method of nuclear power plant and output control system

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GB201508863D0 GB201508863D0 (en) 2015-07-01
GB2538567A true GB2538567A (en) 2016-11-23
GB2538567B GB2538567B (en) 2018-03-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116994787A (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-11-03 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 Method and system for controlling nuclear power of high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power plant

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6453262B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2019-01-16 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 Control rod operation monitoring method and control rod operation monitoring system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63195595A (en) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-12 株式会社東芝 Nuclear power plant
JPH0196598A (en) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-14 Hitachi Ltd Functional hierarchy constituting output control system
JPH05164891A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-29 Hitachi Ltd Nuclear reactor output control device
JPH0627278A (en) * 1992-07-13 1994-02-04 Hitachi Ltd Power control method and device for nuclear power plant
JPH0820555A (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-23 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd Production of acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride
US6198786B1 (en) * 1998-05-22 2001-03-06 General Electric Company Methods of reactor system pressure control by reactor core power modulation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63195595A (en) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-12 株式会社東芝 Nuclear power plant
JPH0196598A (en) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-14 Hitachi Ltd Functional hierarchy constituting output control system
JPH05164891A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-29 Hitachi Ltd Nuclear reactor output control device
JPH0627278A (en) * 1992-07-13 1994-02-04 Hitachi Ltd Power control method and device for nuclear power plant
JPH0820555A (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-23 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd Production of acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride
US6198786B1 (en) * 1998-05-22 2001-03-06 General Electric Company Methods of reactor system pressure control by reactor core power modulation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116994787A (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-11-03 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 Method and system for controlling nuclear power of high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power plant
CN116994787B (en) * 2023-07-28 2024-05-24 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 Method and system for controlling nuclear power of high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power plant

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GB2538567B (en) 2018-03-28
GB201508863D0 (en) 2015-07-01
FI20155379A (en) 2015-11-24
JP2015222230A (en) 2015-12-10

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