GB2536720A

GB2536720A - Authentication system

Info

Publication number: GB2536720A
Application number: GB1505332.5A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Goodwin Scott; Le Quelenec Mike; Mcgee David
Original assignee: Anti Counterfeiting Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anti Counterfeiting Tech Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-03-27
Filing date: 2015-03-27
Publication date: 2016-09-28
Also published as: GB201505332D0

Abstract

An authentication system 1 comprises: a plurality of unique article identifiers 3 each including a unique non-alphanumeric random graphic; an image capture means 40 for capturing an image comprising a random graphic 31a of one of the identifiers; a processing means connected to the image capture means; and a memory means connected to the processing means and having stored thereon a database including a representation of each of the random graphics and article identification data relating to an article associated with each respective random graphic. In operation the system captures, using the image capture means, an image comprising the random graphic of one of the unique identifiers, and compares at least part of the captured image with each of the one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and retrieves the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic. The system could find application in a retail environment, and the image capture means could be part of a mobile telecommunications device.

Description

AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

This invention relates generally to an authentication system. More specifically, although not exclusively, this invention relates to a system, device and method for identifying and/or authenticating an identifier associated with an article.

Identifiers, such as identification tags, are well known and used widely in numerous applications. For example, virtually all retail items sold to consumers will generally include some form of bar code that is normally scanned by a reader at the checkout till in order to io identify automatically the product being purchased. This facilitates the checkout procedure by avoiding the need to enter the price and/or details of the item being purchased. The checkout system can also be linked to a stock management system and/or a store security system designed to alert retail staff to a potential shoplifting incident.

Whilst such identification tags have proven to be very effective in streamlining retail purchasing of goods, they provide little or no evidence of the authenticity of the goods.

Identification tags that incorporate some form of proof of authentication are also known.

Such tags can include an electronic chip or a radio frequency identification (RFID) means, which may be passive or active. Such tags are generally relatively complex and/or expensive.

It is therefore a first non-exclusive object of the invention to provide an identification and/or authentication system that is simpler and more effective than known authentication systems. It is a further non-exclusive object of the invention to provide an identification and/or authentication system that enables data relating to consumer habits to be captured or determined.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention provides an authentication system comprising a plurality of unique identifiers, e.g. article identifiers, each including a unique, e.g. non-alphanumeric, random graphic, an image capture means for capturing an image comprising a random graphic of one of the identifiers and a database including a representation of each of the random graphics and article identification data relating to an article associated with each respective random graphic, wherein the system is operable to capture using the image capture means an image comprising the random graphic of one of the unique identifiers, to compare, e.g. automatically, at least part of the captured image with each of one or more of the representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic.

The provision of an identifier that is unique to each individual article enables potential consumers to compare the article-specific identification data stored in the database with the article itself to ensure the article's authenticity. The use of a random graphic rather than a codified graphic, for example a two-dimensional or matrix barcode, makes the io identifier effectively irreproducible.

The system preferably includes a processing means that may be operatively connected to the image capture means. The processing means may be operable to compare at least part of the captured image with each of one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and/or to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic. More preferably, the system comprises a memory means with the database stored thereon, which memory means may be operatively connected to the processing means. The system may be operable to compare using the processing means at least part of the captured image with each of the one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic. The or a further memory means may comprise an algorithm or software program or application stored thereon, which may be operable or executable or configured to carry out at least part of the comparison between the captured image and the one or more of the random graphics stored on the database. In embodiments the algorithm or software program or application includes a set of instructions which, when executed, causes the processing means to compare at least part of the captured image with each of one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic.

The system may further comprise a mobile device, such as a mobile telecommunications device, e.g. a smart phone, which may comprise the image capture means, for example a camera. The mobile device may comprise at least part of the processing means and/or at least part of the memory means and/or at least part of the database may be stored on the mobile device or the or a memory means thereof. The system may comprise a server, e.g. a remote server, which may include at least part of the processing means and/or at least part of the memory means.

The mobile device may comprise a communication means and/or a processing means and/or a memory means on which is stored an algorithm or software program or application. The server may comprise a communication means and/or the or a further memory means of the server may comprise an algorithm or software program or application stored thereon. The mobile device or the communication means thereof is preferably operable to communicate with the server or the communication means thereof.

io The communication means of one or each of the mobile device and/or the server may comprise a transmitter and/or a receiver, e.g. a transceiver, which may operate wirelessly. The communication means of one or each of the mobile device and/or the server may comprise a telecommunication means that may be operable via a cell network or via satellite telecommunication.

The server or mobile device may be operable to carry out the comparison, or each may be operable to carry out at least part of the comparison. The algorithm or software program or application of the server may include a set of instructions which, when executed, causes the or a further processing means of the server to compare at least part of the captured image with each of one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and/or to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic. Alternatively, the algorithm or software program or application of the mobile device may include such a set of instructions.

The mobile device may be operable to send to the server at least part of the captured image and/or to request from the server the article identification data for the article associated with the random graphic in the captured image. For example, the algorithm or software program or application of the mobile device may include a set of instructions which, when executed, causes the processing means of the mobile device to send to the server at least part of the captured image and/or to request from the server the article identification data for the article associated with the random graphic in the captured image.

The system may be operable or configured to select or generate a representation of at least part of the image, e.g. at least part of the random graphic comprised in the captured image. The comparison between the captured image and the representations stored on the database may comprise comparing at least part of the image representation with the each of one or more of the representations stored on the database.

Preferably, the mobile device is operable to select or generate the image representation and/or to send to the server at least part of the image representation. More preferably, the server is operable to compare at least part of the image representation, e.g. received to from the mobile device, with the each of one or more of the representations stored on the database. In some embodiments, however, the mobile device is operable to compare at least part of the image representation with the each of one or more of the representations stored on the database. Additionally or alternatively, the mobile device may be operable to send to the server at least part of the image and the server may be operable to select or generate the image representation and to compare at least part of the image representation with the each of one or more of the representations stored on the database.

The image representation may be less complex or of less complexity than the image or image data, which image or image data preferably comprises a digital image or digital image data. Similarly, the representations stored on the database may be generated from one or more images of the random graphic, e.g. taken at the time, before or after manufacture of the article and/or attachment of the identifier. One or more or each representation may take any suitable form such as, for example, a series, matrix or map of digits or alphanumeric characters.

The system, e.g. the mobile device and/or the server, may be configured to track and/or record, e.g. on the or a further memory means thereof, data relating to one or more captured images and/or requests sent to the server by the mobile device. The tracked and/or recorded data preferably comprises identification and/or user data relating to the mobile device, e.g. telephone number and/or serial number and/or make and/or model of the device, and/or its user, e.g. name and/or address and/or residency and/or sex and/or occupation and the like. The tracked and/or recorded data may additionally or alternatively comprise any one or more of location data, e.g. capture at the time the image was captured and/or it and/or the request was sent to the server, article identification data or part thereof, e.g. the manufacturer, type or style of the article, seller data, e.g. name and/or address of the retailer, and so on. The article identification data may also include details of the territory in which the article is to be sold, for example thereby enabling a consumer to determine whether the article has been imported illegally or against the will of the manufacturer. The article identification data may also include details of the history of the article, for example the date and/or location of its manufacture or the details of one or more materials used to manufacture the article, or warranty information or any other useful information.

to The system may be configured to track one or more transactions and/or locations of the article, for example by one or more of the seller, transporter or other person or organisation initiating the image capture and comparison between at least part of the captured image and the representations stored on the database. In embodiments, the system may be operable or configured to compare the tracked transaction(s) and/or location(s) or one or more other tracked and/or recorded data with a set of rules in order to establish compliance with the rules. For example, where the conditions of sale of the article includes a restriction in relation to the geographical location in which it may be stored, used or sold, the tracked and/or recorded data may be compared with such restriction(s). Where a violation of the restriction is detected, the system may be operable or configured to alert an authority or generate an alarm. The authority may comprise the manufacturer of the goods and/or a law enforcement agency and/or any other interested party.

Another aspect of the invention provides a tracking system for use with the aforementioned authentication system, the tracking system comprising one or more features necessary to track the location of the article and/or to determine compliance with at least one rule associated with one or more articles carrying a unique identifier.

The system may comprise a virtual label or flag associated with one or more of the identifiers. The virtual label or flag may comprise a redeemable voucher, e.g. for one or more predetermined privileges or a prize or a promotional feature. Additionally or alternatively, the virtual label or flag may comprise one or more privileges associated therewith, for example a pass or key enabling the holder to access one or more restricted areas. The virtual label or flag may also include one or more restrictions associated therewith, for example a minimum age restriction.

At least one or each of the random graphics may comprise a two-dimensional or three-dimensional graphic. In some embodiments, at least one or each of the random graphics comprises one or more two-dimensional graphic derived from a three-dimensional graphic, for example wherein the identifier includes the two-dimensional graphic(s) printed onto the article or its packaging, e.g. to simplify manufacture. In some embodiments, the database comprises a two-dimensional representation or image of at least one or each of the random graphics, which two-dimensional representation may comprise one or two or more images, for example wherein the database comprises the images comprising each to random graphic stored thereon. The system may be operable to capture, e.g. using the image capture means, two or more images comprising the random graphic and/or to compare, e.g. using the processing means, at least part of one or more of the captured images with those of one or more of the two-dimensional representations stored on the database.

At least one or each of the random graphics may comprise one or more, for example two or more or a plurality of, projections or protrusions or deposits on a substrate or any other graphic or pattern. The random graphic may be created by an additive process. The one or more projections or protrusions or deposits may comprise silica or another material.

At least one or each of the random graphics may comprise one or more, for example two or more or a plurality of, voids, depressions, deformations, pocks and/or craters that may be formed or deformed or etched in a substrate or any other graphic or pattern. The Random graphic may be created through a subtractive and/or destructive process, for example using an acidic substance or mechanical means such as sand blasting, shot peening or the like. So, for example, a metal part may be processed to remove a portion of the 'host' material to reveal or leave behind a random graphic. The subtractive process may be of particular utility in the marking of high value or performance-critical engineering parts, for example metal, composite or plastics parts or components to which it may be difficult or impractical to apply (e.g. associate with, secure or adhere) a body comprising the random graphic. Such parts may comprise medical devices, automotive parts, aircraft parts and/or components thereof and so on. Such a permanent and/or indelible mark will facilitate supply chain logistics and tracking after installation and so on.

At least one or each of the random graphics may be formed using one or more members, fibres, particles or pellets, one or more of which may comprise or be formed of one or more materials such as silica, a plastics material, reflective or retroreflective material and/or may comprise one or more of colour pigments or fluorescence characteristics, for example under one or more predetermined electromagnetic wavelengths or wavelength ranges, e.g. a specific visible or non-visible light source.

At least one or each of the random graphics may comprise two or more layers or patterns. At least one or each of the random graphics may comprise two or more different elements, for example each layer or pattern may comprise or be formed of one or more elements having similar characteristics to one another, but wherein one or more characteristics of the element(s) of one layer or pattern is or are different from those of one or more of the other layers or patterns In embodiments, at least one or each of the random graphics includes one or more or a plurality of first elements, which may be formed of a first material (e.g. silica) and/or have a first colour and/or shape and/or size or size range, and one or more or a plurality of second elements, which may be formed of a second material and/or have a second colour and/or shape and/or size or size range.

The first elements may be larger than the second elements, for example wherein the first elements are macroscopic and/or the second elements are microscopic. The first elements may be configured to provide a visual indication, e.g. to a consumer, that may be visible to the naked eye. The second elements may be configured to provide a further visual indication that may be microscopic and/or may be visible or discernible only by or using a processing means. Accordingly, one or more features or characteristics the first elements, e.g. their colour, may be associated with a predetermined class of articles, for example a particular manufacturer or retailer, whilst the second elements may be selected to ensure the randomness of the graphic and/or to inhibit its reproduction. It is further envisaged that at least one or each of the random graphics may comprise one or more or a plurality of third and/or further elements, which may be formed of a third or further material and/or have a third or further shape and/or size or size range.

The database may comprise one or more labels, e.g. virtual labels, associated with one or more or each of the random graphics stored on the database. The one or more labels may be associated with a predetermined class of articles, for example a particular manufacturer or retailer. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments where at least one or each of the random graphics comprises two or more layers or patterns, the one or more labels may be associated with one or more characteristic or features of one of the layers or patterns, e.g. their colour. For example, where the random graphics includes first and second elements, the labels may characterise or be associated with one or more characteristic of one or more features thereof.

The identifier may comprise an identification device, such as a tag, label or other element, io member or feature. Additionally or alternatively, the identifier may comprise or be incorporated in a package or packaging material or container on which the unique random graphic appears or is printed or otherwise affixed. In some embodiments, the identifier appears or is printed or affixed directly on an article, e.g. the article with which it is associated in the database. At least one or each of the random graphics may comprise or be formed using liquid, for example a pattern created by dropping or propelling a liquid onto a substrate.

At least one or each identifier may comprise a coating, e.g. covering the random graphic.

The coating may comprise a protective or tamper-proof or tamper-inhibiting coating.

At least one or each identifier may comprise a tamper evidence means that may be configured to at least partially alter, deform or destroy the random graphic on removal or attempted removal of the identifier, e.g. from the article. At least one or each identifier may comprise a coating that may be configured to at least partially alter, deform or destroy the random graphic if tampered with, for example on removal or attempted removal of the identifier, e.g. from the article. The tamper evidence means or coating may be configured to generate or change at least partially the colour of the identifier or random graphic or coating, for example if tampered with.

Another aspect of the invention provides an article with a unique identifier associated therewith, wherein the identifier comprises a unique, e.g. non-alphanumeric, random graphic displayed thereon for use in the aforementioned authentication system.

The article may comprise two or more unique identifiers. In embodiments, the article comprises two or more parts each carrying a respective unique identifier. For example, the article may comprise two or more sub-assemblies intended to be supplied together, wherein each sub-assembly may comprise a respective unique identifier thereby enabling the consumer to be alerted if one or more of the sub-assemblies is missing.

Yet another aspect of the invention provides one or more, e.g. a plurality of, unique identifiers for associating with an article, wherein the identifier comprises a unique, e.g. non-alphanumeric, random graphic displayed thereon for use in the aforementioned authentication system.

io The system may be configured to enable one or more individuals or organisations, e.g. the manufacturer, to communicate with the original purchaser of the article, for example to recall defective products Another aspect of the invention provides a method of authenticating an article, the method comprising capturing using image capture means an image comprising a unique, e.g. non-alphanumeric, random graphic of a unique identifier associated with an article, comparing automatically, e.g. using a processing means, at least part of the captured image with a representation of each of one or more random graphics stored on a database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and retrieving article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic.

The image capturing step may be carried out using a mobile device, such as a mobile telecommunications device, e.g. a smart phone, which may comprise the image capture means, for example a camera. At least part of the comparison step may be carried out by the mobile device, e.g. by an algorithm or software program or application stored thereon.

Preferably, at least part of the comparison step may be carried out by a server, which may include at least part of the database, for example stored on a memory means or memory thereof The method may comprise sending, e.g. from the mobile device to the server, at least part of the captured image or images and/or requesting from the server the article identification data for the article associated with the random graphic in the captured image.

The method may comprise generating a representation of at least part of one or more of the images, e.g. at least part of the random graphic comprised in one or more or each of the captured images. The image representation may comprise any one or more characteristics described above. The comparison step may comprise comparing at least part of the image representation with the each of one or more of the representations stored on the database. Generation of at least part of the image representation is preferably carried out by the mobile device, but generation of at least part of the image representation may additionally or alternatively be carried out by the server. More preferably, the method comprises sending, e.g. from the mobile device to the server, at least part of the image representation(s) and/or requesting from the server the article identification data for the article associated with the random graphic in the image representation.

The method may comprise tracking and/or recording, e.g. on the or a further memory means on or of the system or mobile device or server, data relating to one or more captured images or requests sent to the server by the mobile device. The tracked and/or recorded data preferably comprises identification and/or user data relating to the mobile device, e.g. telephone number and/or serial number and/or make and/or model of the device, and/or its user, e.g. name and/or address and/or residency and/or sex and/or occupation and the like. The tracked and/or recorded data may additionally or alternatively comprise any one or more of location data, e.g. capture at the time the image was captured and/or it and/or the request was sent to the server, article identification data or part thereof, e.g. the manufacturer, type or style of the article, seller data, e.g. name and/or address of the retailer, and so on. The article identification data may also include details of the territory in which the article is to be sold, for example thereby enabling a consumer to determine whether the article has been imported illegally or against the will of the manufacturer. The article identification data may also include warranty information or any other useful information.

The capturing step may be carried out by a potential consumer or by a potential seller, transporter or other person or organisation handling the article. For example, the identifier may be used to track one or more transactions and/or locations of the article by one or more of the seller, transporter or other person or organisation. In embodiments, the method comprises comparing the tracked transaction(s) and/or location(s) or one or more other tracked and/or recorded data with a set of rules in order to establish compliance with the rules. For example, where the conditions of sale of the article includes a restriction in relation to the geographical location in which it may be stored, used or sold, the tracked and/or recorded data may be compared with such restriction(s).

Where a violation of the restriction is detected, the method may comprise alerting an authority or generating an alarm. The authority may comprise the manufacturer of the goods and/or a law enforcement agency and/or any other interested party.

Similarly, the method may comprise allocating a virtual label or flag to the identifier, which may be carried out before, during or after the association or affixing of the identifier to the article. The virtual label or flag may comprise a redeemable voucher, e.g. for one or more predetermined privileges or a prize or a promotional feature. Additionally or alternatively, the virtual label or flag may comprise one or more privileges associated therewith, for o example a pass or key enabling the holder to access one or more restricted areas. The virtual label or flag may also include one or more restrictions associated therewith, for example a minimum age restriction.

The method may comprise capturing, e.g. using the image capture means, two or more images comprising the random graphic and/or comparing, e.g. automatically and/or using the processing means, at least part of the captured images to images associated with each of the one or more random graphics stored on the database.

The method may comprise comparing at least some of a plurality of first elements of the random graphic, for example prior to comparing second elements thereof, e.g. to reduce the time required to carry out the comparison. The first elements may be formed of a first material and/or have a first colour and/or shape and/or size or size range. The second elements may be formed of a second material and/or have a second colour and/or shape and/or size or size range.

Alternatively or additionally, the random graphic may comprise a non-random element. The non-random element may be a sector-specific element to enable the system to confine its search and/or comparison to a specific sector of goods. For example, the random graphic may be associated with a high value bottle of alcohol. The non-random element (which may be an orientation mark, alphanumeric indicator or other indicia, and may be within or without the area delimited by the random graphic) will or may indicate a particular sector to which the associated article is classified at a particular level of granularity (for example, drink, alcoholic drink, champagne). This will enable to the system to automatically confine the search and/or comparison to only those stored random graphics within the particular designated sector.

The method may comprise communicating with a purchaser of the article, e.g. to recall defective products.

Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a unique identifier, the method comprising forming a unique, e.g. non-alphanumeric, random graphic, associating the random graphic with an article and storing in a database a representation of the random graphic and article identification data relating to the article with which it is associated.

The method may comprise manufacturing a plurality of unique identifiers each of which is made by forming a unique, e.g. non-alphanumeric, random graphic. The method may further comprise associating the random graphic of each unique identifier with a respective article and/or storing in a database a representation of each of the random graphics and article identification data relating to the article with which it is associated.

The forming of the random graphic may comprise or be carried out using an additive process. The forming of the random graphic may comprise forming one or more projections or protrusions or deposits on a substrate. The forming of the random graphic may comprise forming a random distribution of a deposit of material such as silica or another material on a substrate.

The forming of the random graphic may comprise or be carried out using a substractive and/or destructive process. The forming of the random graphic may comprise forming one or more voids, depressions, deformations, pocks and/or craters formed or deformed or etched in a substrate. The forming of the random graphic may comprise placing an acidic substance on a substrate or deforming using or forming the substrate using mechanical means such as sand blasting, shot peening or the like.

The method may comprise providing or forming a tamper evidence means or tamper proof or tamper-inhibiting means in or on or surrounding the random graphic. The method may comprise forming a coating on or over the random graphic.

The forming of the random graphic may comprise forming a two-dimensional or three-dimensional graphic. In some embodiments, at least one or each of the random graphics comprises one or more two-dimensional graphic derived from a three-dimensional graphic, for example wherein the identifier is associated with the article by printing the two-dimensional graphic(s) onto the article or its packaging, e.g. to simplify manufacture. In some embodiments, the database comprises. The method may comprise generating a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional graphic, for example one or more, e.g. two or three or four or more, images. The method may comprise storing on the database the two-dimensional representation or at least part of the images of each random graphic.

io The forming of the random graphic may comprise forming two or more layers or patterns.

The forming of the random graphic may comprise providing or forming two or more different elements. In embodiments, each layer or pattern comprises or is formed of one or more elements having similar characteristics to one another, but wherein one or more characteristics of the element(s) of one layer or pattern is or are different from those of one or more of the other layers or patterns. In embodiments, the forming of the random graphic includes forming one or more or a plurality of first elements, which may be formed of a first material (e.g. silica) and/or have a first shape and/or size or size range, and one or more or a plurality of second elements, which may be formed of a second material and/or have a second shape and/or size or size range.

The identification device may comprise a tag, label or other element, member or feature. Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise incorporating the identifier into or onto the article or a package or packaging material or container, for example by printing, affixing or otherwise creating the unique random graphic thereon or therein. At least one or each of the random graphics may be formed using liquid, for example a pattern created by dropping or propelling a liquid onto a substrate. The method may comprise generating a tamper evidence means or tamper proof or tamper-inhibiting means, for example a coating, e.g. a protective and/or tamper proof or tamper-inhibiting coating or a coating that may be configured to at least partially alter, deform or destroy the random graphic if tampered with.

The forming of the random graphic may comprise using one or more members, fibres, particles or pellets.

For the avoidance of doubt, any of the features described herein apply equally to any aspect of the invention. For example, the article and/or identifier may comprise any one or more features of the system relevant thereto and/or the method may comprise any one or more features or steps relevant to one or more features of the system, article and/or identifier.

A further aspect of the invention provides a computer program element comprising computer readable program code means for causing a processor to execute a procedure to implement the aforementioned method. A yet further aspect of the invention provides io the computer program element embodied on a computer readable medium.

A yet further aspect of the invention provides a computer readable medium having a program stored thereon, where the program is arranged to make a computer execute a procedure to implement the aforementioned method.

Another aspect of the invention provides a mobile device comprising a memory on which is stored a program arranged to make the mobile device execute a procedure to implement at least part of the aforementioned method.

A yet further aspect of the invention provides a control means or control system or controller comprising the aforementioned computer program element or computer readable medium.

For purposes of this disclosure, and notwithstanding the above, it is to be understood that any processing means, controller(s), control units and/or control modules described herein may each comprise one or more processors, e.g. electronic processors, a control unit or any computational device having one or more electronic processors. The controller may comprise a single control unit or electronic controller or alternatively different functions of the control of the system or apparatus may be embodied in, or hosted in, different control units or controllers or control modules. As used herein, the terms "control unit' and "controller" will be understood to include both a single control unit or controller and a plurality of control units or controllers collectively operating to provide the required control functionality. A set of instructions could be provided which, when executed, cause said controller(s) or control unit(s) or control module(s) to implement the control techniques described herein (including the method(s) described herein). The set of instructions may be embedded in one or more electronic processors, or alternatively, may be provided as software to be executed by one or more electronic processor(s). For example, a first controller may be implemented in software run on one or more electronic processors, and one or more other controllers may also be implemented in software run on or more electronic processors, optionally the same one or more processors as the first controller. It will be appreciated, however, that other arrangements are also useful, and therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to any particular arrangement. In any event, the set of instructions described herein may be embedded in a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory storage medium) that may o comprise any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine or electronic processors/computational device, including, without limitation: a magnetic storage medium (e.g., floppy diskette); optical storage medium (e.g., CD-ROM); magneto optical storage medium; read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); erasable programmable memory (e.g., EPROM ad EEPROM); flash memory; or electrical or other types of medium for storing such information/instructions. Similarly, any reference to memory or memory means should also be understood to comprise any one or more of the aforementioned arrangements.

Within the scope of this application it is expressly intended that the various aspects, embodiments, examples and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings, and in particular the individual features thereof, may be taken independently or in any combination. That is, all embodiments and/or features of any embodiment can be combined in any way and/or combination, unless such features are incompatible. For the avoidance of doubt, the terms "may", "and/or", "e.g.", "for example" and any similar term as used herein should be interpreted as non-limiting such that any feature so-described need not be present. Indeed, any combination of optional features is expressly envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention, whether or not these are expressly claimed. The applicant reserves the right to change any originally filed claim or file any new claim accordingly, including the right to amend any originally filed claim to depend from and/or incorporate any feature of any other claim although not originally claimed in that manner.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an authentication system according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of one method of capturing images of a three-dimensional random graphic of a unique identifier according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating the main steps in the manufacture of a unique identifier according to the invention; Figure 4 is a flow chart illustrating the main steps of a method of authentication according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating the main steps of alternative methods of manufacturing a unique identifier according to the invention.

Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown an authentication system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. The system 1 includes a plurality of articles 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f each having a respective unique identifier 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f affixed thereto, a mobile telecommunication device 4 and a server 5. In this embodiment, the articles 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f are each contained in a respective box 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f on which a respective tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f is affixed to provide the unique identifier 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f. The tags 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f each include a unique, non-alphanumeric three-dimensional random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f.

The mobile telecommunication device 4 includes a camera 40 as well as a processor (not shown), a memory (not shown) and transmitter with an antenna 41 in the normal way. The memory (not shown) of the mobile device 4 includes a software application stored thereon that is operable to cause the processor (not shown) of the mobile device 4 to capture images of one of the unique identifier 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f and to send them to the server 5 together with a request for article identification data associated with the random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f in the captured images.

The server 5 also includes a processor (not shown), a memory (not shown) and transmitter with an antenna 51 in the normal way. The memory (not shown) of the server 5 has a database stored thereon that includes a representation of each of the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f and article identification data relating to an article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f associated with each respective random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f. The memory (not shown) also includes a software program stored thereon that incorporates a comparison algorithm operable to cause the processor (not shown) of the server 5 to compare a captured image received from the mobile device 4 with each of the one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random io graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f in the captured image and to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f.

As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f in this embodiment are three-dimensional and are formed by an additive process involving depositing silica 32 on a substrate 33 in a random pattern by propelling molten silica particles 32 toward the substrate to form a random pattern. It will be appreciated that the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f may alternatively include voids or depressions formed by a subtractive or destructive process, such as sand blasting.

In this embodiment, each of the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f is coated with a protective coating 34 that is arranged to deform on removal or attempted removal of the identifier 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f alters the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f to such an extent that it is no longer recognisable by the comparison algorithm.

As illustrated in Figure 3, each tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f is first generated as described above and the tags 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f are then affixed to the articles and representations for inclusion in the database are captured using an image capture means (not shown). In order to capture the three-dimensional detail of each random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f, multiple images II, 12... are captured from different angles after the tags 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f are affixed to the articles 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f. The images 11, 12... are then stored in the database together with article identification details relating to the article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f with which the tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f is associated. The stored images of each random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f collectively provide the stored representation thereof.

Referring now to Figure 4, in use a consumer wishing to authenticate an article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f initiates the software application on their mobile device 4 and captures a plurality of images Ii, 12... using the camera 40 and initiates a request for authentication.

The software application causes the processor (not shown) of the mobile device 4 to capture an image of one of the unique identifier 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f and to send it to the server 5 together with a request for article identification data associated with the random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f in the captured images.

io The comparison algorithm on the server 5 is then initiated to cause the processor (not shown) of the server 5 to compare the captured images received from the mobile device 4 with each of the one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f in the captured image. When the random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f is identified, the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f is retrieved from the database.

The article identification data is then sent to the consumer, thereby enabling the consumer to verify that the data corresponds to the article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f to which the tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f is affixed. It is envisaged that the article identification data would include information such as the manufacturer of the article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, a brief description thereof, e.g. colour and/or size and/or style of product, and a serial number or other useful information.

Advantageously, the system 1 in this embodiment also captures and stores on the memory (not shown) of the server 5 details of the request. Specifically, the details may include identification data relating to the mobile device, such as telephone number, serial number, make and model of the device. More preferably, the software application on the mobile device 4 requires or enables a user to register their personal details and associate them with the mobile device. Their personal details may include one or more of a name, address, residency and/or sex and/or occupation and the like.

The tracked and/or recorded data may additionally or alternatively comprise any one or more of location data, e.g. capture at the time the image was captured and/or it and/or the request was sent to the server, article identification data or part thereof, e.g. the manufacturer, type or style of the article, seller data, e.g. name and/or address of the retailer, and so on. In some embodiments, the request details may be sent to a marketing data gathering and/or management system, e.g. for later analysis.

Figure 5 illustrates three approaches to manufacturing and affixing an identification tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f according to the invention to one of a plurality of articles 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f. The first approach, Additive Scenario A, corresponds to the method illustrated in Figure 3. However, Additive Scenario B involves capturing and storing the images 11, 12... in the database together with article identification details relating to the article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f with which the tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f is associated before it is affixed thereto. Figure 5 also illustrates a similar manufacturing method using a subtractive process. It will be appreciated that Scenarios A and B could be applied to the subtractive process in some embodiments.

The sequence with which the tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f is captured, associated with the article and affixed to the article will depend upon, inter alia, the nature of the article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f. In embodiments and as explained above, the tag 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f may be formed in or on the of article 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f or its packaging, rather than being subsequently attached thereto.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that several variations to the aforementioned embodiments are envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f may be generated or formed by any suitable process. Although the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f of the specific embodiment described only include a single series of silica deposits 32, they may be formed in multiple stages and/or using deposits 32 having different characteristics, such as size or size range and/or shapes and/or colours and/or formed using different materials. Equally, the random graphics 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f may include voids or depressions as described above. The representations and/or image capture need not involve the use of multiple images.

It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any number of combinations of the aforementioned features and/or those shown in the appended drawings provide clear advantages over the prior art and are therefore within the scope of the invention described herein.

Claims

CLAIMSAn authentication system comprising: a) a plurality of unique article identifiers each including a unique non-alphanumeric random graphic; b) an image capture means for capturing an image comprising a random graphic of one of the identifiers; c) a processing means operatively connected to the image capture means; and d) a memory means operatively connected to the processing means and having o stored thereon a database including a representation of each of the random graphics and article identification data relating to an article associated with each respective random graphic; wherein the system is operable to capture using the image capture means an image comprising the random graphic of one of the unique identifiers, to compare using the processing means at least part of the captured image with each of the one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic.
2. System according to claim 1 further comprising a mobile telecommunications device including the image capture means.System according to claim 2 further comprising a server including at least part of the memory means and at least part of the processing means 4. System according to claim 3, wherein the mobile device comprises a processing means and a memory means on which is stored a software program that includes a set of instructions which, when executed, causes the processing means to send to the server at least part of the captured image and to request from the server the article identification data for the article associated with the random graphic in the captured image.5. System according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the or a further memory means of the server comprises a software program stored thereon that includes a set of instructions which, when executed, causes the processing means to compare at least part of the captured image with each of one or more representations stored on the database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and to retrieve the article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic.System according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the system is configured to track and/or record data relating to one or more captured images and/or requests sent to the server by the mobile device.7. System according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the random graphics comprises a three-dimensional graphic.8. System according to claim 7, wherein the database comprises a two-dimensional representation of each of the random graphics, the two-dimensional representation comprising at least part of two or more images 9. System according to claim 8, wherein the system is operable to capture using the image capture means two or more images comprising the random graphic and to compare using the processing means at least part of the captured images with those of one or more of the two-dimensional representations stored on the database.10. System according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the random graphics comprises one or more projections or protrusions or deposits on a substrate.11 System according to claim 10, wherein the one or more projections or protrusions or deposits comprise silica.12. System according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the random graphics comprises one or more voids, depressions, deformations, pocks and/or craters formed or deformed or etched in a substrate.13. System according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the random graphics comprises two or more layers or patterns.System according to claim 13, wherein each layer or pattern comprises elements having similar characteristics to one another, but wherein one or more characteristics of the elements of one layer or pattern is or are different from those of one or more of the other layers or patterns.System according to claim 14, wherein each of the random graphics includes a plurality of first elements formed of a first material and/or having a first shape or size range and a plurality of second elements formed of a second material and/or having a second shape or size range.System according to any preceding claim, wherein each identifier comprises a coating covering the random graphic.System according to any preceding claim, wherein the identifier comprises a tamper evidence means configured to at least partially alter, deform or destroy the random graphic on removal or attempted removal of the identifier from the article.A plurality of unique identifiers for associating with an article, wherein the identifier comprises a unique non-alphanumeric random graphic displayed thereon for use in a system according to any preceding claim.An article with a unique identifier associated therewith, wherein the identifier comprises a unique non-alphanumeric random graphic displayed thereon for use in a system according to any one of claims 1 to 17.A method of authenticating an article, the method comprising capturing using an image capture means an image comprising a unique non-alphanumeric random graphic of a unique identifier associated with an article, comparing using a processing means at least part of the captured image with a representation of each of one or more random graphics stored on a database in order to identify the random graphic in the captured image and retrieving article identification data for the article associated with the identified random graphic. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. Method according to claim 20, wherein the image capturing step is carried out using a mobile telecommunications device.22. Method according to claim 21, wherein the comparison step is carried out by a server that includes at least part of the memory means, the method comprising sending from the mobile telecommunications device to the server at least part of the captured image or images and requesting from the server the article identification data for the article associated with the random graphic in the captured image or images.23. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 22 comprising tracking and recording o on the or a further memory means data relating to one or more captured images or requests sent to the server by the mobile device.24. Method according to claim 23, wherein the tracked data comprises one or more of identification or user data relating to the mobile device and/or its user, location data, article identification data and seller data.25. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 24 comprising capturing using the image capture means two or more images comprising the random graphic and comparing using the processing means at least part of the captured images to images associated with each of the one or more random graphics stored on the database.26. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 25 comprising comparing at least some of a plurality of first elements of the random graphic prior to comparing second elements thereof, wherein the first elements are formed of a first material and/or have a first colour or shape or size range and the second elements are formed of a second material and/or have a second colour or shape or size range.27. A method of manufacturing a unique identifier, the method comprising forming a unique non-alphanumeric random graphic, associating the random graphic with an article and storing in a database a representation of the random graphic and article identification data relating to the article with which the random graphic is associated.28. Method according to claim 27 comprising forming the random graphic in or on an identification device using an additive process.Method according to claim 28 comprising forming one or more projections or protrusions or deposits on a substrate.Method according to claim 27 comprising forming the random graphic in or on an identification device using a subtractive process.Method according to claim 30 comprising forming one or more voids, depressions, deformations, pocks and/or craters formed or deformed or etched in a substrate.Method according to any one of claims 27 to 31 comprising providing a tamper evidence means or tamper proof or tamper-inhibiting means in or on or surrounding the random graphic.Method according to any one of claims 27 to 32 comprising forming a coating on or over the random graphic.Method according to any one of claims 27 to 33, wherein the random graphic comprises a three-dimensional graphic, the method further comprising generating a two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional graphic and storing on the database the two-dimensional representation of each random graphic.Method according to any one of claims 27 to 34, wherein the forming of the random graphic comprises forming two or more layers or patterns, each layer or pattern comprising elements having similar characteristics to one another but with one or more characteristics of the elements of one layer or pattern being different from those of one or more of the other layers or patterns.36. A computer program element comprising computer readable program code means for causing a processor to execute a procedure to implement a method according to any one of claims 20 to 35.37. A computer program element according to claim 36 embodied on a computer readable medium. 29. 30. 32. 33. 34. 35. 38. 39. 40. io 42.A computer readable medium having a program stored thereon, where the program is arranged to make a computer execute a procedure to implement a method according to any one of claims 20 to 35.A mobile device comprising a memory on which is stored a program arranged to make the mobile device execute a procedure to implement at least part of a method according to any one of claims 20 to 26.An authentication system substantially as described herein and/or as shown in the accompanying drawings.A method of authenticating an article substantially as described herein and/or as shown in the accompanying drawings.A method of manufacturing a unique identifier substantially as described herein and/or as shown in the accompanying drawings.