GB2525856A - A thermal store and water storage cylinder designed to enhance the performance of a CO2 heat pump - Google Patents

A thermal store and water storage cylinder designed to enhance the performance of a CO2 heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2525856A
GB2525856A GB1407889.3A GB201407889A GB2525856A GB 2525856 A GB2525856 A GB 2525856A GB 201407889 A GB201407889 A GB 201407889A GB 2525856 A GB2525856 A GB 2525856A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
water
heat pump
thermal store
heat exchanger
storage cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1407889.3A
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GB201407889D0 (en
Inventor
Martin Hook
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB1407889.3A priority Critical patent/GB2525856A/en
Publication of GB201407889D0 publication Critical patent/GB201407889D0/en
Publication of GB2525856A publication Critical patent/GB2525856A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0207—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0278—Expansion vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/06—Heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0069—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A thermal storage tank designed for use in conjunction with a CO2 heat pump. The high temperature flow enters the tank through the connection at the top of the tank 3. The return cold water exits the tank through connection 4. The mains water enters travels through the coil 5 which pre-heats up the mains water and cools down the water in the tank; it then flows out through 6 into an external heat exchanger 9 which heats up the mains water further using the hot water leaving the top of the storage tank. The hot water used to heat up the mains in exchanger 9 flows back into the storage tank via connection 10. The cold water exits the tank through exit 4 and flows back to the heat pump thus allowing the heat pump to operate with a greater efficiency.

Description

A Thermal Store and water storage cylinder Designed to Enhance the Performance of a C02 Heat Pump
Background:
This invention relates to the design of a thermal store which can be utilised in conjunction with a C02 heat Pump to greatly enhance the system efficiency.
At present the majority of heat pumps utihsc an I-IEC refrigerant and consequently all thermal stores linked to these heat pumps are designed to operate with flow and return water temperatures from the heat pump to the thermal store of a temperature differential of 5 to 7 degrees K. 1-IFC refrigerants have a very high potential for global warming and are the third biggest green house gas in the atmosphere. I-IFC refrigerants, therefore, have a finite usage life due to legislation from the EU banning their eventual usc in new equipment and reducing present day production by 79% by 2030.
Of the three main alternative refrigerants: propane, ammonia and C02. the latter is the most user friendly refrigerant and is an ideal refrigerant for heat pumps.
The C02 heat pump is capable of maintaining high temperatures and due to the way the refrigerant behaves in the transcritical stage in the cycle, the heat output from the C02 heat pump does not reduce as ambient temperature reduces.
High temperature hot domestic water systems called Eco Cute have been used in Japan for many years and have high efficiencies due to the wide differential in inlet and outlet water temperatures. When these systems have been used to provide heating the narrow temperature difference in flow and return water means low efficiency of the heat pump. At present all C02 heat pumps used for heating have been linked to thermal stores designed for HEC refrigerant systems and allow for a flow and return temperature differential of no more than 7 degrees K. At such low temperature differentials the C02 heat pumps sold so far for domestic heating have suffered from poor efficiency.
Tests conducted during the development of the invention have proved that a wide temperature difference between water flow and return to the C02 heat pump will greatly enhance the overall efficiency of the system.
A Thermal Store and water storage cylinder Designed to Enhance the Performance of a C02 Heat Pump
Statement of Invention:
The design of this thermal store system provides a temperature differential between the water at the top and bottom of the storage tank both in heating and production of domestic hot water modes and thus ensures a high differential in flow and return water temperatures to a C02 heat pump.
A Thermal Store and water storage cylinder Designed to Enhance the Performance of a C02 Heat Pump Advantages: The thermal store design outlined in this application ensures a high differential in heat pump flow and return temperatures throughout the range of domestic heating loads and also during the production of domestic hot water for baths and showers etc. A Thermal Store and water storage cylinder Designed to Enhance the Performance of a C02 Heat Pump
Example
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show how it may be put into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example. to the accompanying drawings, in which figure 1 and figure 2 are schematic diagrams of the thermal store to which the C02 heat pump is to be attached.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermal store in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. The thermal storage cylinder 2 is designed as a high and narrow thermal store so as to ensure water temperature stratification across the depth of the storage cylinder. For example this could mean hot water at approximately degrees C at the top of the storage cylinder and cool water at 20 degrees C at the bottom of the storage cylinder.
The C02 heat pump high temperature flow enters the thermal store at the top at connection 3, and the return cool water leaves the store at the bottom connection 4.
Cold mains water enters the thermal store at the bottom connection 5 and passes upward through a coil or heat exchanger I, which preheats the coki water and therelore co&s the stored water at the bottom ol the cylinder. keeping the water in the bottom of the storage cylinder as low as 15 to 20 degrees C. The cold mains water exits the coil in the thermal store at position 6 at a temperature below which legionella cannot be present.
The now preheated mains water enters an external plate heat exchanger 9 and gains heat from hot storage water leaving the top of the thermal store at connection 7 through the pump 8. and passes through the external heat exchanger 9, where heat energy is given off to the cooler mains water.
The flow pump 8 is energised by a flow switch 11 which closes the electrical circuit which operates pump 8 when a tap or shower being turned on creates a water flow through the flow switch.
The stored water from the top of the storage cylinder, now cooled, enters the thermal store at the bottom connection 10. The hot mains water leaves the heat exchanger 9 and now provides domestic hot water for baths showers and washing.
After the storage water has passed through the heat exchanger 9 the temperature will have dropped to approximately 20 degrees C and thus also cools the stored water in the lower storage cylinder.
A Thermal Store and water storage cylinder Designed to Enhance the Performance of a C02 Heat Pump
Example Continued:
In this way the preheating of the cold mains entering the lower part of the storage cylinder and the return of the now cool stored water from the heat exchanger 9, combine to maintain a low temperature in the lower part of the heat storage cylinder when the domestic hot water is being drawn off. As the heat pump is supplying hot water to the top of the storage cylinder a wide differential of hetween 25 to 35 degrees K can he maintained, thus ensuring the maximum efficiency at times of high load.
As this domestic hot water is heated instantaneously and has not been held at a temperature at which legionella can exist, the thermal store temperature can be held at a maximum of 55 degrees C and no pasteurisation mode is necessary.
To maintain a high flow and return water temperature differential between heat pump and thermal store when heat energy is being provided for heating via radiators, under floor heating or fan coils, the return water is passed through a heat exchanger 12, which can be attached directly to the outlet connection 4 to provide heat in an airing cupboard. This heat exchanger could also he a radiator heated towel rail or fan coil unit positioned in the heat pump water return line.
The heat exchanger 12 can be set to modulate the return temperature to the heat pump and in this way ensures maximum efficiency br the C02 heat pump when operating to supply heating for (he building.
A mixing valve, linked to the heating supply circuit and modulated by an external sensor, controls heating flow temperature and when high heating loads are experienced the low temperature heating return water is diverted into the lower part of the storage cylinder to provide a wide temperature differential between flow and return water temperatures to the heat pump.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermal store in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
Cold mains water enters a heat exchanger 12 before entering the thermal store at the bottom connection 5 and passes upward through a connecting pipe 7to re enter the top of the cylinder and pass through an internal heat exchanger 8.

Claims (3)

  1. A Thermal Store and water storage cylinder Designed to Enhance the Performance of a C02 Heat Pump Claims 1. A C02 heat pump thermal store comprising: A thermal store in which a heat exchanger coil is fitted in the lower part of the storage cylinder and is connected to the mains cold watcr inlet and thc outlet connection which connects to the external heat exchanger.An external heat exchanger which heats the preheated mains water.A hot water circulation pump which transfers hot water from the top of the storage cylinder to the external heat exchanger and then transfers the cookd water to the bottom of the cylinder.A flow switch which operates thc circulation pump when cold mains water enters the cylinder heat exchanger.Heat pump flow and return connections.A four way heating hot water mixing valve with flow, return and mixing connections to the storage cylinder.A heat pump thermal store as claimed above with a solar heat exchanger coil and a solid hioniass fuel boiler coil fitted.
  2. 2. A heat pump thermal store as claimed above with a domestic hot water coil fitted inside the top of the water cylinder.
  3. 3. A heat pump thermal store as claimed above with a heat exchanger in the water return line to the heat punip which is fed by the cold mains water which preheats the mains water before entering the cylinder. The heat pump return water is thus cooled.
GB1407889.3A 2014-05-05 2014-05-05 A thermal store and water storage cylinder designed to enhance the performance of a CO2 heat pump Withdrawn GB2525856A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1407889.3A GB2525856A (en) 2014-05-05 2014-05-05 A thermal store and water storage cylinder designed to enhance the performance of a CO2 heat pump

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1407889.3A GB2525856A (en) 2014-05-05 2014-05-05 A thermal store and water storage cylinder designed to enhance the performance of a CO2 heat pump

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201407889D0 GB201407889D0 (en) 2014-06-18
GB2525856A true GB2525856A (en) 2015-11-11

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1407889.3A Withdrawn GB2525856A (en) 2014-05-05 2014-05-05 A thermal store and water storage cylinder designed to enhance the performance of a CO2 heat pump

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018083166A1 (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-05-11 Esg Pool Ventilation Limited Hot water and energy storage

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115406287B (en) * 2022-08-18 2023-09-29 百穰新能源科技(深圳)有限公司 Storage unit, control method and system of carbon dioxide gas-liquid phase-change energy storage system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61138049A (en) * 1984-12-06 1986-06-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Heat pump type hot water feed device
EP2154443A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-02-17 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heating hot water supply apparatus
EP2249098A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2010-11-10 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Hot-water storage type hot-water supply device and hot-water storage type heating and hot-water supply device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61138049A (en) * 1984-12-06 1986-06-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Heat pump type hot water feed device
EP2154443A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-02-17 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heating hot water supply apparatus
EP2249098A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2010-11-10 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Hot-water storage type hot-water supply device and hot-water storage type heating and hot-water supply device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018083166A1 (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-05-11 Esg Pool Ventilation Limited Hot water and energy storage
US11226142B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2022-01-18 Esg Pool Ventilation Limited Hot water and energy storage

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Publication number Publication date
GB201407889D0 (en) 2014-06-18

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