GB2521667A - Activation of glass as a molecular sieve adsorber for water filtration and desalination - Google Patents

Activation of glass as a molecular sieve adsorber for water filtration and desalination Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2521667A
GB2521667A GB1323094.1A GB201323094A GB2521667A GB 2521667 A GB2521667 A GB 2521667A GB 201323094 A GB201323094 A GB 201323094A GB 2521667 A GB2521667 A GB 2521667A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
water
filter media
glass
media
activated
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GB1323094.1A
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GB201323094D0 (en
Inventor
Howard Thomas Dryden
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DRYDEN AQUA Ltd
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DRYDEN AQUA Ltd
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Priority to GB1323094.1A priority Critical patent/GB2521667A/en
Publication of GB201323094D0 publication Critical patent/GB201323094D0/en
Publication of GB2521667A publication Critical patent/GB2521667A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B01J20/186—Chemical treatments in view of modifying the properties of the sieve, e.g. increasing the stability or the activity, also decreasing the activity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3071—Washing or leaching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3408—Regenerating or reactivating of aluminosilicate molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
    • B01J20/3475—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture in the liquid phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0414—Surface modifiers, e.g. comprising ion exchange groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the manufacture of an activated filter media for the mechanical filtration of water, catalytic oxidation and selective molecular sieve adsorption reactions. The activated filter media is manufactured from glass or an alumino-silicate in a three-stage activation process. The activation process includes a first acidic stage, a second alkali stage and a third stage involving thermal exposure at 1200 degrees centigrade until the product has less than 0.1% moisture. The chemical structure of the activated filter media can alter the structural configuration of water in intimate contact with the media and repel all ions. Consequently, the filter media can therefore desalinate water. The activated filter media can be used for the removal of arsenic from water. Further, the activated filter media can be utilised for the removal of ferric, manganese and chromium. The activated filter media can replace sand in all types of sand filter.

Description

Activation of glass as a molecular sieve adsorber for water filtration and desalination Dr.Howard Dryden, Dryden Aqua Ltd. Edinburgh Scotland
Description
Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to activated water filtration media manufactured from glass or alumina-silicate to replace sand in sand filters for the treatment of water. The invention relates to the alteration of giass and alumina-silicates to produce a surface structure and chemistry that can selectively adsorb specific dissolved chemicals and particles from water.
The activated filter media can also be made to reject all ions in intimate contact with its surface; the media can therefore be used for low energy desalination of seawater.
Background of the Invention
The invention relates to the manufacture of a water filtration media from 0 giass as a raw materiai. The glass may be manufactured specifically for 0 the purpose or the invention may be manufactured from recycied.
The glass is cleaned of all inorganic and organic impurities and then reduced in size to provide a small particle suitable as a filtration media.
Typically the particies will have a sphericity 0.5 to 1.0 and size range from 50 microns and 6000 microns. The alumina-silicate glass is then activated to increase the surface area, change the surface chemical composition and molecular structure/shape. The area is increase by 2 to 1000 times more than typical glass as measured by Argon adsorption or simiiar analytical techniques.
Sand and crushed glass are both used as mechanical filtration media, zeoiites and ion exchange resins are used for the selective ion exchange fiitration of water. Activated carbon is used as a molecuiar sieve to adsorb dissolved organics and other chemicals. Filter media such as manganese dioxide and manganese coated sand act as oxidative catalysts for the removal of metal oxides such as manganese, ferric and metaloids such as arsenic. Activated aiumina can also be used as a filter media and catalyst.
Membranes are also used for the filtration of water and removal of ions.
Different types of filter media and filter processes.
a. Sand b. Crushed glass c. Zeolites and ion exchange resins d. Manganese dioxide, manganese coated sand and metal oxide media e. Membranes for Ultra filtration and RO reverse osmosis Sand and crushed glass are used as mechanical filtration media, however both suffer from biofouling and bio-coagulation of the media leading to worm-hole channelling. Neither media will remove specific ions or chemicals from the water.
Zeolites and ion exchange resins are also mechanical filtration media and can remove specific dissolved chemicals from the water. However both suffer from biofouling and require regeneration with strong salt solutions acids or alkalis.
Manganese dioxide and metal oxide media are mechanical filtration media that also perform as oxidative catalysts. The products work well hut they nccd to be rcchargcd aftcr thcy arc cxhaustcd, thcy suffer from biofouling 0 and they don't act as molecular sieves for the adsorption or absorptions of C dissolved chemicals.
0 Activated carbon is a mechanical filter media and a molecular sieve absorber. The product suffers from biofouling and has a finite capacity to absorb chemicals. Once the capacity has been reached activated carbon needs to be replaced.
The invention will not replace absolute filtration by UF (ultra filtration) membranes. However UF does not remove chemicals from solution. RO reverse osmosis provides a high level of absolute filtration and removes dissolved chemicals. However only a proportion of the water is treated, cost is very high and energy as well as maintenance demands are high.
The invention relates to the manufacture of a water filtration media for the mechanical filtration of water that also acts as a catalyst, molecular sieve adsorber and does not biofoul. The product there has a higher performance than sand or crushed glass, and can perform a similar function as zeolites and resins, albeit with a much lower ion capacity. However because a simple water backwash accomplishes regeneration, capacity factors are not an issue. The surface of the media has metal ion catalysts and performs as well as ferric or manganese based media, but with no requirement for regeneration when used in water with oxygen content over 2 mg/i. Filtration performance is comparable to membrane Uitra Filtration when the media is combined with pre-coagulation and fioocuiation prior to fiitration.
The invention also relates to the control of selective adsorption reactions and specificity for certain metal ions and organic molecules. The specificity is controlled by the chemical composition and shape of the surface molecular lattice structure on the surface of the media.
The Activated Glass Media therefore has the capacity to be a sustainable water filtration media for the removal of solids including parasites, bacteria, and yin and dissolved chemicals from the water. The invention reiates to the conditioning of the surface to become a seiective molecular sieve adsorber that can be conditioned to remove different priority chemicals from water.
Priority substances include chemicals such as TBT (tributyltin), FOB's (Polychlorinated biphenyl's) and endocrine disrupters. There is a large list of priority chemicals and new chemicals are constantly being added.
The Activated Filter Media can be manufacture to have a high specificity for any chemical dissolved in the water. r
o Disclosure of Invention
The Activated Filter Media is used to replace sand or filter media for the CD treatment of water.
The invention relates to the manufacture of activated glass granules for the mechanical filtration of water, catalytic oxidation reactions and the selective adsorption of specific ions and or organic molecules.
The invention relates to a water filter media and process to make different versions with different selectivity characteristics that are dictated by the surface molecular structure and chemical composition.
The structure of water is related to the nature of the surface in contact with the water. The selective adsorption reactions are therefore taking place in a structured water membrane.
The invention also relates to the application of the product to treat all types of water including drinking water and wastewater and the removal of priority substances from the water by the creation of a structured water membrane. The surface chemistry and structure can alter the water structure to such an extent that the water in intermit contact with the Activated Filter Media actually repels dissolved ions. The Activated Filter media therefore has the capacity to desalinate water.
The surface of the giass is chemically and physically altered to provide a mesoporous surface structure with a high surface area. The surface contains metal oxides such as ferric, manganese, Lanthanum that act as cataiysts. The alumina-silicate structural configuration at a molecular level also controls the selectivity of the surface to adsorb inorganic and organic chemicals.
The molecular structural configuration is controlled by the chemical composition of the two-stage chemical activation stage and thermal exposure physical stage.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
The invention relates to the manufacture of a mechanical water filtration media from glass or an alumina-silicate to replace sand in all types of sand filter. The glass is reduced to a very precise particle shape and particle size distribution within tight particle size distribution hands.
The surface chemistry of the filter media is then chemically and physically altered to provide a structure with a much higher surface area, different r chemical composition and molecular configuration.
Zeolites are selective molecular sieve ion exchange minerals; the pore C dimensions into the lattice as well as the shape of the ion exchange sites 0 regulate the selectivity. Selectivity is also controlled by the chemistry and shape of the surface. The invention relates to the manufacture and application of a filter media manufacture from glass to have controlled selective molecular sieve adsorption. The process is not by ion exchange but by surface adsorption and entropic reactions.
Key aspects relate to an increase the surface area in contact with the water, the molecular shape of the surface and the surface chemistry.
The activation is a three-stage process the first two stages are chemical followed by a third physical process.
Stage 1. Acidic stage including aluminium and metal ion salts, time frame varies from 1 minute to over 48 hours Stage 2, Alkali stage, including silicates, carbonate, phosphate and suiphates, time frame varies from 1 minute to over 48 hours Stage 3. Thermal exposure at 1230 degrees centigrade for varying periods of time until the product has less than 0.1% moisture.
The surface of the glass is chemically altered and a new glass surface is formed. Different structures can be formed that have the following characteristics a. High surface area alumina-silicate structure. The ratio of alumioium to silicate is cootrolled from 3. to lODi depending upoo the product to he formed.
b. High negative electrical charge, positive charge or neutral or any combination of all three by varying the proportion of metals ions to silicates and anions c. Metal oxides in surface structure control oxidative and catalytic reactions. The metals are hydrolysed to give a negative charge often referred to as a zeta potential.
d. Different selectivity characteristics, controlled by a combination of the chemicals used, contact time and curing temperature applied.
e. Hydrophilic surface A large combination of options is available to achieve different structure configurations and properties. The raw material will usually be recovered r glass such as green, amber of clear container glass. Alternatively glass may he manufactured specifically to be used as a filtration media. The C chemistry of the glass can be altered to improve the properties of the media. For example, a high concentration of manganese or other catalysts me be incorporated in the glass.
The surface of the Activated Filter Media is hydrophilio and does not allow bacteria to colonise the surface of the media.

Claims (9)

  1. Claims 1. The manufacture of an activated filter media for the mechanical filtration of water, catalytic oxidation and selective molecular sieve adsorption reactions all encompassed in a product manufacture by the activation of glass or an alumino-siicate. The hydrophilic shaped chemical structure of the Activated filter media can alter the structural configuration of water in intimate contact with the media and repel all ions both anions and cations. The Activated filter media oan therefore desalinate water.
  2. 2. The glass or alumina-silicate may be manufactured with specific chemical properties that improve the filtration properties, for example, glass with high manganese content. Or, recycle glass from plate or container glass may be used.
  3. 3. A filter media that can be manufacture to be selective for specific chemicals, such as priority substance in drinking water, process water and wastewater.
  4. 4. The activation chemicais, contact time and thermal exposure control r o selectivity of the Activated Filter Media. The surface structure of the glass is altered and a new glass alumina-silicate surface is formed.
  5. 5. Activated Filter Media for the removal of arsenic from water
  6. 6. Activated Filter Media for the removal of ferric, manganese and chromium, or any chemicals that the product is manufactured to remove.
  7. 7. Regeneration is by a simple back-wash with water
  8. 8. Replace sand in all types of sand filter such as pressure filters, rapid gravity tutors, and moving bcd tutors or any tutor that uscs a filter media for the treatment of all types of water
  9. 9. A filtration media with a high negative surface charge, positive charge or a neutral charge, or a combination of different charge densities
GB1323094.1A 2013-12-30 2013-12-30 Activation of glass as a molecular sieve adsorber for water filtration and desalination Withdrawn GB2521667A (en)

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GB2521667A true GB2521667A (en) 2015-07-01

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190023587A1 (en) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Notes Intellectual Properties, LLC Produced water filtration

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3218361A1 (en) * 1982-05-15 1983-11-17 Saarbergwerke AG, 6600 Saarbrücken Process for producing filter material resistant to high temperatures
GB2413124A (en) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-19 Thims Ltd Glass filtration media
CN101301548A (en) * 2008-01-25 2008-11-12 山东建筑大学 Modified filter material using zeolite as carrier and preparation thereof
CN102145239A (en) * 2011-02-14 2011-08-10 天润绿业（北京）环保技术有限公司 Preparation method of zeolite filter material for water purification
CN102311233A (en) * 2011-06-02 2012-01-11 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Surface chemical plating treatment process for hollow glass beads, plated metal hollow glass beads and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3218361A1 (en) * 1982-05-15 1983-11-17 Saarbergwerke AG, 6600 Saarbrücken Process for producing filter material resistant to high temperatures
GB2413124A (en) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-19 Thims Ltd Glass filtration media
CN101301548A (en) * 2008-01-25 2008-11-12 山东建筑大学 Modified filter material using zeolite as carrier and preparation thereof
CN102145239A (en) * 2011-02-14 2011-08-10 天润绿业（北京）环保技术有限公司 Preparation method of zeolite filter material for water purification
CN102311233A (en) * 2011-06-02 2012-01-11 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Surface chemical plating treatment process for hollow glass beads, plated metal hollow glass beads and application thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190023587A1 (en) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Notes Intellectual Properties, LLC Produced water filtration

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