GB2512345A - Insensitive munition propellants - Google Patents
Insensitive munition propellants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2512345A GB2512345A GB1305589.2A GB201305589A GB2512345A GB 2512345 A GB2512345 A GB 2512345A GB 201305589 A GB201305589 A GB 201305589A GB 2512345 A GB2512345 A GB 2512345A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- energetic
- component
- binder
- plasticiser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 nitramine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- YSIBQULRFXITSW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-2-[(e)-2-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ethenyl]benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1\C=C\C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O YSIBQULRFXITSW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MKWKGRNINWTHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6-trinitrobenzene-1,2,3-triamine Chemical compound NC1=C(N)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1N MKWKGRNINWTHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FUHQFAMVYDIUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fox-7 Chemical group NC(N)=C([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O FUHQFAMVYDIUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000015854 Heliotropium curassavicum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000301682 Heliotropium curassavicum Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 4
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QUAMCNNWODGSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dinitrooxybutyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QUAMCNNWODGSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N centralite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSZPRLKJOJINEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-[(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethoxy)methoxy]-1,1-dinitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(F)([N+]([O-])=O)COCOCC(F)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O WSZPRLKJOJINEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYWCVOZDFNTGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-octoxy-10-oxodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O GYWCVOZDFNTGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(azidomethyl)oxirane Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1CO1 JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWMRZXLGCIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CCOC(=O)C=C KWMRZXLGCIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100330771 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) dbp-9 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001484 inorganic perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCOXCILKVHKOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-nitramidoethyl)nitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NCCN[N+]([O-])=O QCOXCILKVHKOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAUMZZBNYAFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro nitroformate Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)OC(=O)[N+]([O-])=O AAAUMZZBNYAFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPMXALUWKZHYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C=C RPMXALUWKZHYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001004 polyvinyl nitrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulphate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(C)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
Abstract
An energetic composition suitable for use as a propellant comprises the following components in the following relative proportions: component A; from 5% to 25% by weight of an IM energetic filler; component B: from 50% to 80% by weight of a highly energetic filler comprising at least one nitramine compound; component C of from 5% to 20% by weight of a binder; and component D of from 3% to 15% by weight of a plasticiser; the percentages by weight of components A, B, C and D together with minor additives, if any, adding to 100%. In preferred embodiments, the IM energetic material is Nitroguanidine (Picrite), the nitramine is RDX or HMX, the binder is EVA and the plasticizer is butyl NENA or DOA.
Description
Insensitive Munition propellants The invention relates to Insensitive Munition (IM) energetic materials particularly IM propellant compositions, and yet further to nitrocellulose-free IM propel lants.
Low and high energy gun propellants and their energetic compositions are based on colloidal mixtures of nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose and nitroguanidine (also called picrite) in varying proportions, such as those discussed in GB2371297. The technology used to manufacture these materials has changed little in 100 years.
Colloidal compositions are, generally, classed as single, double, or, triple base compositions depending on the proportions of the major constituents present (i.e. one, two or three major components, respectively). Other components, e.g. nitramines, have been incorporated to increase the force constant or energy level of these compositions; colloidal compositions comprising three, or, more major components, may be referred to as multibase compositions.
Colloidal propellants, particularly for high energy applications, suffer from the disadvantage that they are highly vulnerable to unwanted ignition when in a hostile environment and subjected to attack by an energetic projectile, e.g. a projectile comprising a shaped warhead charge.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided an energetic composition suitable for use as a propellant comprises the following components in the following relative proportions: component A of from 5% to 25% by weight of an IM energetic filler; component B of from 50% to 80% by weight of a highly energetic filler, preferably comprising at least one nitramine compound; component C of from 5% to 20% by weight of a binder; and component D of from 3% to 15% by weight of a plasticiser; the percentages by weight of components A, B, C and D together with minor additives, if any, adding to 100%.
In compositions according to the present invention, component B provides the high energy capability of the composition. However it has advantageously been found that the addition of an IM energetic material, component A, present in the range of from 5-25%wt, provides a propellant that has an increased IM response to shaped charge attack. Recent trials of compounds defined herein have been shown to give a TYPE V reaction in response to a shaped charge attack Preferably, component A comprises of from 10% to 20% by weight, component B comprises of from 55% to 70% by weight, component C comprises of from 8% to 16% by weight and component D comprises of from 5% to 10% by weight of the said composition, the percentages adding to 100 per cent.
Component C and D provides processability enabling mixtures to be formed together with Components A and B and which may be worked into a suitable dough-like material which may be pressed, rolled or extruded to form suitable propellant products. The mutual combination of these components is specially selected in compositions according to the present invention because of the unexpected advantages such a combination provides as follows.
Compositions according to the present invention can be suitably processed to provide propellant materials, eg for use as gun or rocket propellants, especially gun propellants, which unexpectedly and beneficially can show an improved, ie. reduced vulnerability over colloidal propellants, but without a corresponding decrease in energy normally associated with such an improvement.
The main properties which are desirable for a low vulnerability gun propellant, in addition to its reduced, vulnerability to shaped charge attack may be summarised as follows: (1) a good practical propellant force; for example gun propellants for use in large calibre kinetic energy projectile applications or for use in artillery applications showing a force in the range of 820KJ/kg to that of 1250KJ per Kg or more.
(2) a low rate of burn desirably less than 80mm per second; this allows stick propellants of reduced web size to be used; (3) a low flame temperature desirably less than 3200K; this affords the possibility of reduced gun barrel erosion; (4) the possibility of processing into a dough and extruding the dough using simple conventional processing solvents: (5) the possibility of processing into a propellant product which shows little or no aeration with a density greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99 per cent, of its theoretical maximum density; which results in a more dense and cohesive propellant matrix.
(6)10w gas molecular weight, preferably in the range 20 to 22; enhancing the gas volume on ignition enhancing projectile velocity The propellant compositions embodying the invention are suitable for forming propellant products having unexpectedly all of aforementioned desirable properties.
The component A may be selected from a highly IM energetic filler, such as, for example, Nitrotriazolone (NTO), Hexanitrostilbene (HNS), Nitroguanidine (Picrite), Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), Guarnylureadinitramide (FOX-12), 1,1-diamino 2,2-dinitro ethylene (FOX-7). The IM energetic filler is one which, without modification, has an FOI greater than 100. Many energetic fillers, including RDX and HMX may be modified, either via stabilisers or coatings such that they have a degree of IM compliance, and an FOI of greater than 100. The component A is selected from a material which is inherently IM, such as will have an FOl>100, without any processing or modification. It has been advantageously found that the inclusion of an IM energetic fill in the amount of from 5% to 25% by weight, provides a final composition which has a high level of IM compliance.
Examples of preferred component B, high energy energetic filler are heteroal icyclic n itramines, such as for example RDX(cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene, 2,4,6-trinitramine, cyclonite or Hexagen), HMX (cyclo-l,3,5,7-tetramethylene- 2,4,6,8-tetranitramine, Octogen) or TATND (tetranitro-tetraminodecalin) and mixtures thereof. Other high energetic fillers may be TAGN, aromatic nitramines such as tetryl, ethylene dinitramine, and nitrate esters such as nitroglycerine (glycerol trinitrate), butane triol trinitrate or pentaerythrital tetranitrate, and inorganic perchlorates and nitrates such as ammonium perchlorate optionally together with metallic fuel such as aluminium particles.
The composition comprises component C, a binder and may be selected from a non-energetic binder and/or an energetic binder, present in the range of from 8 to 16%wt. Preferably the binder is a mixture of an energetic and non-energetic binder; more preferably the energetic binder is present in the range of from 5-10% by weight, non-energetic binder is present in the range of from 5-15% by weight, with a binder %wt in the range of from 8%-1 6%wt.
Examples of suitable non-energetic binder materials which may be blended with EVA are cellulosic materials such as esters, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyurethanes, polyesters, polybutadienes, polyethylenes, polyvinyl acetate and blends and/or copolymers thereof.
Examples of suitable energetic binder materials which may be used along side a non energetic binder, such as EVA are nitrocellulose, polyvinyl nitrate, nitroethylene, nitroallyl acetate, nitroethyl acrylate, nitroethy methacrylate, trin itroethyl acrylate, d initropropyl acrylate, C-nitropolystyrene and its derivatives, polyurethanes with aliphatic C-and N-nitro groups, polyesters made from dinitrocarboxylic acids and dinitrodiol and homopolymers of 3-nitrato-3 methyl oxetane (PoIyNIMMO).
The composition comprises component D, a plasticiser which may be selected from a non-energetic plasticiser and/or an energetic plasticiser.
Preferably the plasticiser is a mixture of energetic and non-energetic plasticisers; yet more preferably when both are present the; energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 0-8% by weight, and non-energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 2-10% by weight; such that the total plasticiser is preferably 5-10%wt, wherein the energetic plasticiser %wt is greater than the non-energetic plasticiser %wt.
Examples of energetic plasticisers may be Butyl NENA, GAP (glycidyl azide polymer), BDNPAIF (bis-2,2-din itropropylacetol/formal), dimethylmethylene dinitroamine, bis(2,2,2-trinitropropyl)formal, bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)formal, bis (2-fluoro-2,2-din itroethyl)formal, d iethylene gylcol din itrate, glycerol trinitrate, glycol trinitrate, triethylene glycol d initrate, tetrethylene glycol din itrate, trimethylolethane trinitrate, butanetriol trin itrate, or 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate.
Examples of known non-energetic plasticisers may be, Di Octyl adipate(DOA), Di Octyl Sebacate (DOS), dialkyl esters or sebacic adipic. or, triacetin, tricresyl phosphate, polyalkylene glycols and their alkyl ether derivatives, eg polyethylene glycol, polypropylene gycol, and diethylene glycol butyl ether.
Examples of minor additives may for example comprise one or more stabilisers, e.g. carbamite (N,N1-diphenyl, NN1-diethylurea) or PNMA (para-nitromethylmethoxyaniline); and/or one or more ballistic modifiers, e.g. carbon black or lead salts: and/or one or more flash suppressants, e.g. one or more sodium or potassium salts, e.g. sodium or potassium sulphate or bicarbonate and one or more binder-to-energetic filler coupling agents and one or more antioxidants.
Nitrocellulose is a very common energetic binder, however reproducibility of the cellulose source is a problem as it is commonly derived from natural sources. To ensure reproducibility of the final propellant, the source would preferably tightly controlled. It has very advantageously been found that in a highly preferred arrangement it is possible to remove the nitrocellulose, such that there is provided a non-nitrocellulose propellant composition, wherein component A comprises of from 8% to 12% by weight, component B comprises of from 65% to 75% by weight and component C comprises of from 8% to 12% by weight, wherein the non-energetic binder is present in the range of from 8%-i 2% by weight component D comprises of from 2%-10% energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 3-8% by weight non-energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 2-6% by weight, of the said composition, the percentages adding to 100%.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a gun propellant comprising sticks or granules comprising a composition according to anyone of the preceding claims.
Compositions according to the present invention may be processed into propellants by techniques which are known to those skilled in the art. The ingredients are incorporated in a suitable kneader to form a homogeneous composition. Eventually, the composition produced is pressed, rolled or extruded in the form of a dough-like material through suitably shaped extrusion dies. Extrusion may be carried out using a co-rotating twin screw extrusion machine.
Sticks are usually formed by cutting to suitable length rods or strands extruded through suitable dies giving a shape which could include a longitudinal slot. Granules are usually similarly formed by cutting to much shorter lengths rods or sticks obtained by extrusion. Normally, such granules have small holes, ego seven holes running lengthwise therethrough to provide suitable burning surfaces.
Particularly preferred compositions are outlined in Table 1, below.
Component Ingredient Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp Comp 503 519% 516 521 424 463 %wt wt %wt %wt %wt %wt componentA Nitroguanidine 18.5 18.5 10 10 --component B RDX 56 -70 component B HMX -56 70 -74.5 74.5 componentC EVA 7 7 11 11 7 component C Nitrocellulose 8.5 8.5 --8.5 8.5 component D Butyl NENA 6 6 5 5 componentD DOA 3 3 4 4 9 component D DBP 9 minor carbamite I I --I I SCJ attack response Type V V n/i n/i lll/IV lll/IV Table 1 IM propellant compositions Experimental trial Several compositions in Table 1 were subjected to a test set-up in accordance with STANAG 4526, namely response to a shaped charge attack.
The response was measured by taking into account the combined evidence from blast overpressure results, witness plate damage observed and from propellant debris observations.
The response of compounds 503 and 519, which are compounds according to the invention (contain component A) were measured as undergoing a TYPE V reaction. This is a very low response to the external stimulus.
The prior art compounds, 424 and 463 contain largely the same compounds, but do not have an IM filler present, ie component A. It was observed that the IM response was lll/IV, which is a much more violent response compared to that of the compounds of the invention.
Whilst the invention has been described above, it extends to any inventive combination of the features set out above, or in the following
description, drawings or claims.
Exemplary embodiments of the device in accordance with the invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional representation of a bundle of propellant sticks Turning to figure 1 there is provided an end portion of a bundle 1 of a plurality of propellant sticks 2. A resilient ligature 3 has been wound around the plurality of sticks 2 three times using a tying machine (not shown). The securing of the ligature 3 may be afforded by using a knot and subsequently cutting the ligature 3. Further ligatures may be applied to other distinct circumferences and in fact it may be preferred to have at least two ligatures applied at distinct circumferences in order to prevent the propellant sticks 2 from splaying.
Claims (10)
- CLAIMS1. An energetic composition suitable for use as a propellant comprises the following components in the following relative proportions: component A; of from 5% to 25% by weight of an IM energetic filler; component B: of from 50% to 80% by weight of a highly energetic filler comprising at least one nitramine compound; component C: of from 5% to 20% by weight of a binder; and component D: of from 3% to 15% the percentages by weight of components A, B,C and D together with minor additives, if any, adding to 100%.
- 2. A composition according to claim 1 and wherein component A comprises of from 10% to 20% by weight, component B comprises of from 55% to 70% by weight, component C comprises of from 8% to 16% by weight and component D comprises of from 5% to 10% by weight of the said composition, together with any minor additives, if any, the percentages adding to 100%.
- 3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 and wherein component A is selected from Nitrotriazolone (NTO), Hexanitrostilbene (HNS), Nitroguanidine (Picrite), Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), Guarnylureadinitramide (FOX-12), 1,1 -diamino 2,2-dinitro ethylene (FOX-7).
- 4. A composition according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the plasticiser is selected from a non-energetic plasticiser and an energetic plasticiser.
- A composition according to claim 4, wherein the plasticiser is a mixture of energetic and non-energetic plasticisers; and the energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 0%-8% by weight non-energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 2%-i 0% by weight.
- 6. A composition according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the binder is selected from a non-energetic binder and an energetic binder.
- 7 A composition according to claim 6, wherein the binder is a mixture of an energetic and non-energetic binder; and the energetic binder is present in the range of from 5-10% by weight, non-energetic binder is present in the range of from 5-15% by weight.
- 8 A non-nitrocellulose propellant composition, according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein component A comprises from 8% to 12% by weight, component B comprises 65% to 75% by weight, component C comprises 8% to 12% by weight, wherein the non-energetic binder is present in the range of from 8%-i 2% by weight and component D comprises 2% to 10% by weight, wherein the energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 3%-8% by weight non-energetic plasticiser is present in the range of from 2%-6% by weight, otthe said composition, the percentages adding to 100 per cent.
- 9 A gun propellant comprising sticks or granules comprising a composition according to any one of the preceding claims.
- 10. A device, composition substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1305589.2A GB2512345B (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2013-03-27 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| AU2014242706A AU2014242706B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| US14/780,412 US9919980B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| PCT/GB2014/050848 WO2014155060A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| EP21151135.7A EP3838877A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| PL14712719T PL2978730T3 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| ES14712719T ES2870548T3 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive ammo thrusters |
| EP14712719.5A EP2978730B1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-18 | Insensitive munition propellants |
| IL241774A IL241774B (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2015-09-21 | Insensitive munition propellants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1305589.2A GB2512345B (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2013-03-27 | Insensitive munition propellants |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201305589D0 GB201305589D0 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| GB2512345A true GB2512345A (en) | 2014-10-01 |
| GB2512345B GB2512345B (en) | 2021-06-30 |
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| GB1305589.2A Expired - Fee Related GB2512345B (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2013-03-27 | Insensitive munition propellants |
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| CN110304977A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-10-08 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of applicable insensitive munitions adhesive system and preparation method |
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| US3953259A (en) * | 1970-09-01 | 1976-04-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Pressure exponent suppressants |
| EP0495714A1 (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1992-07-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Explosive composition and process for making powder and a piece from this composition |
| GB2265896A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1993-10-13 | Secr Defence | Extrudable gun propellant composition |
| FR2691963A1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1993-12-10 | Secr Defence Brit | Extrudable gun propellant compsn. |
| US6228190B1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 2001-05-08 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Brittanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Extrudable gun propellant composition |
| JP2008110892A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | Highly safe nitramine propellant using nitrocellulose as binder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2584066B1 (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-08-07 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | USE OF 5-OXO 3-NITRO, 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AS AN EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE AND PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING 5-OXO 3-NITRO 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE. |
| GB2371297B (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 2002-11-20 | Royal Ordnance Plc | propelllant compositions and propellants produced threfrom |
| US7857920B1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2010-12-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Low temperature clean burning pyrotechnic gas generators |
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2013
- 2013-03-27 GB GB1305589.2A patent/GB2512345B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3953259A (en) * | 1970-09-01 | 1976-04-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Pressure exponent suppressants |
| GB2265896A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1993-10-13 | Secr Defence | Extrudable gun propellant composition |
| FR2691963A1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1993-12-10 | Secr Defence Brit | Extrudable gun propellant compsn. |
| US6228190B1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 2001-05-08 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Brittanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Extrudable gun propellant composition |
| EP0495714A1 (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1992-07-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Explosive composition and process for making powder and a piece from this composition |
| JP2008110892A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | Highly safe nitramine propellant using nitrocellulose as binder |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2512345B (en) | 2021-06-30 |
| GB201305589D0 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20230327 |