GB2512024A - Improvements in water heaters - Google Patents

Improvements in water heaters Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2512024A
GB2512024A GB1300292.8A GB201300292A GB2512024A GB 2512024 A GB2512024 A GB 2512024A GB 201300292 A GB201300292 A GB 201300292A GB 2512024 A GB2512024 A GB 2512024A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heating
assembly
tank
zones
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1300292.8A
Other versions
GB201300292D0 (en
Inventor
Simon Bryant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baxi Heating UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Baxi Heating UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baxi Heating UK Ltd filed Critical Baxi Heating UK Ltd
Priority to GB1300292.8A priority Critical patent/GB2512024A/en
Publication of GB201300292D0 publication Critical patent/GB201300292D0/en
Publication of GB2512024A publication Critical patent/GB2512024A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
    • F24D17/0031—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means with accumulation of the heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/26—Vertically distributed at fixed positions, e.g. multiple sensors distributed over the height of a tank, or a vertical inlet distribution pipe having a plurality of orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

An elongate immersion heating assembly 1 comprises a plurality of independently operable heating zones 6-8. Preferably, the immersion heating assembly comprises a plurality of electrical heating elements 2,3,4 connected to a common support member 5, each element having a respective heating zone 6,7,8. The zones are distributed along the length of the assembly, preferably with no lengthwise overlap between the zones, so that the assembly can be selectively heated along a plurality of portions of its length. The assembly is ideally located vertically in either the top or bottom of a water tank to heat water therein, the heating zones being activated based upon how much hot water is required. A plurality of vertically spaced temperature sensors may be located inside the tank (11, figure 4) or on an outside surface of the tank (16, figure 5) to allow the temperature at different heights in the tank to be measured. Alternatively, the immersion heating assembly can comprise a plurality of heat exchangers (2-4, figure 8) supplying hot fluid received from a boiler to heat water in the tank, whereby a spool valve located in the support member selectively directs the hot fluid into one or more of the heat exchangers.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to immersion healing assemblies for use in water healers for heating water for use especially in domestic and industrial premises. The invention also relates to hot water heating systems using such assemblies.
Backzround and Prior Art
Saving energy in the home, especially in relation to space heating and the provision of hot water has been a priority amongst manufacturers and users alike for many years.
In an earlier patent application, published as International Patent Application number is W02010/03 1994, the applicant describes an improved waler heater that. made use of the discovery that significant stratification can occur in hot water tanks so enabling a number of heating elements to he located at different heights within the tank such that the amount of water to he heated could he more closely controlled.
It is among the objects of the present invention to further improve such water-heating technology.
Summary of the Invention
Accordingly, the invention provides, in a first, aspect, an elongate immersion heating assembly comprising a pluralit.y of independently-operable heating tones distributed along the length of the assembly. Assemblies of this sort are thereby able to provide the benefits of stratified heating of water tanks, without the need to provide multiple heating assemblies and multiple connections along the height of a water tank.
Preferably, said plurality of heating zones comprises a plurality of spaced-apart heating elements connected to a support member such that the heating portions of individual elements are spaced apart at different distances from said support member.
In preferred embodiments, said heating zones comprise electrical beateN, operable by means of switching apparatus.
In alternative embodiments, said heating zones comprise heat-exchange elements to s deliver heat from a cireulating fluid, operable by means of valve apparatus. In this way, the advantages of stratified heating may be gained for heating systems using other energy sources such as gas, oil or solar thermal power.
In any embodiment, it is preferred that the assembly further comprises a plurality of so independently-readable temperature sensors spaced apart along the length of the assembly. I'his allows information on the temperature stratification to be transmitted to a control unit, for improved control of the system.
In a second related aspect, the invention provides a water heating system comprising a tank for holding water and a heating assembly according to a first aspect wherein said assembly is arranged such that, in use, individual healing zones of said assembly ate spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction within said tank.
In a third related aspect, the invention prnvides a water heating system comprising a x tank for holding water and a heating assembly as described herein, and wherein said assembly is arranged such that, in use, individual heating zones of said assembly are spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction, and further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors in operable contact with the surface of the tank and spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction.
In a further related aspect. the invention provides a water heating system comprising a tank for holding water and a heating assembly as described herein, and wherein said assembly is arranged such that, in use, individual heating tones of said assembly are spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction within said tank and fuilher x comprising a plurality of temperature sensors located within the tank and spaced apart fluin each other in a vertical direction.
Preferably, either such heating system further comprises: a control unit operably linked to each heating zone and each temperature sensor, the control unit comprising a data receiver to receive data from the sensors; a storage area to store system data; and a processor 10 compare the sensor data with the sysLem data to detennine activaLion or dc-activation of individual heating zones. By providing such a controller, operation of the various heating zones in the heating assembly can be controlled in response to a user demand to provide more efficient hcating of zones of water within a water tank.
Also included within the invention is an immersion heating assembly or water heating system substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated by any appmpriate combination of the accompanying drawings.
Brief I)escription of the I igures The invention will he described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: is Figures 1 A-IC iflustrate embodiments of a heating assembly having a side-by-side configuration; Figures 2A -2D and Figures 3A -3D illustrate embodiments of a heating assembly having and and-to-end configuration; I'igurcs 4 and 5 illustrate heating assemblies mounted within water tanks; Figure 6 illustrates, in perspective view, a heating assembly of the present invention; ligure 7 illustrates, in schematic view, a heating assembly of the present invcntion; and Figure 8 illustrates a heating assenibly of the present invention, powered by a heat transfer fluid.
Dcscriotion of Preferred Embodiments Figures IA -IC illustrate an immersion heater assembly according to the present invention, generally indicated by I The assembly comprises three independently-operable heating elements 2, 3, 4. each connected to a common support memberS containing means to make the required electrical connections, and to mount the assembly, in a water-tight fashion, into a water tank. Each of the elements 2-4 has a heating zone 6, 7, 8 such that the zones arc distributed along the length of the assembly I. In the Figures IA -IC, operation of the zones in indicated by solid-blocked sections. Ii can be seen thai in Figure IA, only the lop zone 6 is activated (i.e. producing heaL). Should this element be mounted in a waler tank in the orientation shown (i.e. with the support member 5 at the bottom of the tank) then only a the top portion of watcr in the tank would he heated. In I "igure I U, zones 6 and 7 are activated, an in a corresponding situation, approximately the top two-Lhirds of the water in the tank would he heated. Finally, and as illustrated in Figure i C, all of the zones may he activated, thereby heating the entire volume of water in a tank.
to Figures 2A -2D illustrate an alternative embodiment of an immersion heater assembly of the present invention, generally indicated by I. Ibis assembly coniprises four independently operable heating zones 6-9. In this embodiment, the »=ones 6-9 arc arranged end-to-end. Activation of each zone is again indicated by the solid block sections. In Figure 2A, only zone 6 is activated (i.e. producing heat). If this assembly is were mounted in a water tank in the orientation shown, the only the top portion of the water in the Lank would he heaLed. ft Figure 2B, only zone 7 is activated. In (his situation, approximately the top half of the water tank would he heated. Figures 2C and 2D illustrate analogous operating conditions for heating the top three-quarters of the tank, and the complete tank, respectively.
Figures 3A -3D illustrate a different operational mode of the embodiment of Figures 2A-21). The component parts of the assembly are numbered as in ligure 2. In contrast to the embodiment of Figure 2, in which only a single heating element is used at any one Lime to heat different portions of waLer in a water tank, in Figure 3, adjacent heating tones 6-9 are activated in combination to deliver greater power when heating larger volumes of water. So, as an example, and as illustrated in Figure 3B, heating zones 6 and 7 may be activated, leading to heating of approximately the top hall of a water Lank. In Figure 31), all of the heating tones are activated to produce rapid heating of the entire tank.
Figure 4 illustrates an immersion heating assembly, generally indicated by 1, mounted wiLhin a water tank 10. The heaLing assembly comprises three independently-operable heating elements 2, 3, 4 of differing length, thereby providing heating zones distributed along the length of the assembly and spaced apart vertically in the tank.
Also provided is a housing 11 for temperature sensors that may he distributed along the length of Ge housing, thereby allowing the leniperalure al different heights within the lank 10 lo be measured. The heating elements 2-4 and Ihe housing 11 are connected to a common mounting member 5. The mounting member 5 allows the a heating assembly I to he fitted to the tank in a water-tight fashion, and to provide necessary elecirical conneclions 12 and signal transmission 13 from lemperature sensors. In this embodiment, the assembly 1 is mounted in the bottom of the tank 10.
Also provided is a cold water inlet 14 and a hot water outlet 15.
to Figure 5 illustrates an immersion heating assembly, generally indicated by 1, mounted through the top of a water tank 10. Again, this assembly comprises three independently-operable healing elements 2, 3 4, of differing length, thereby providing heating zones distributed along the length of the assembly 1. In this embodiment, temperature sensors 16 are mounted in thermal contact with the outside of the tank 10 is to allow signals 13 corresponding to temperatures at differing heights in the tank 10 to he transmitted to a controller (not illustrated). Again, a cold water inlet 14 and a hot water outlet 15 is provided.
I'igurc 6 illustrates a further enihodinicnt of an immersion heating assembly of the invention, generally indicated by 1, This enthodirnent has three heating elements 2, 3 4, each in the form of a U-shaped tube, and each of differing length. Electrical heating clenicnts may hc mountcd within the tube with appropriate heat transfer material being packed between the elements and the tube, thereby providing good heat transfer. The use of U-shaped heating elements allows electrical connections to be readily made to each end of the element, where Uey are connected lo the niounling member 5. Also provided is a housing 11, or pocket, for holding temperature sensors.
to allow the temperature of water in which the assembly is placed to be measured.
Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of an immersion heating assembly of the present invention, generally indicated by I that has three heating elements 2-4 mounted end-to-end in an outer housing 17. Electrical power 12 is supplied independently to each element.
Fmhodirnents described so far have been described with reference to the use of electrically-powered healing zones. It will be appreciated, however, that an immersion healing assembly of the presenL invention could equally comprise heating zones that were powered by a heat transfer fluid from an external boiler. Figure 8 illustrates an immcrsion heating asscmhly of this type, generally indicated by 1, mounted in the bottom of a water tank 10. The assembly coniprises three coils 2, 3, 4 of different length mounted to a mounting member 5. Also provided is a housing ii for holding temperature sensors. In this embodiment, the housing 5 may contain a valve arrangement (not illustrated) such as a spooi valve to direct flow of heating fluid to 18 independently through any or all of the heating elements 2-3. In this way, the advantages of the heating assembly can also be gained from gas or oil-fired heat sources.
Ilie illustrated embodiments of water tanks described herein, are depicted in Figures is 4, 5 and 8 as what are known in the art as "vertical tanks". these tanks have the form of a circular cylindrical portion, capped at one end by a domed portion. The longitudinal axis of the circular cylindrical portion is arranged to he in an approximate vertical orientation, in use. Other configurations of tank are envisaged within the scope of the invention, such as those typically referred to the art as "hori7ontal tanks".
These generally have the form of a circular cylinder with a domed cap at each end, and are arranged, in use, with the longitudinal axis of the circular cylindrical portion in a generally horizontal orientation. In particularly-preferred embodiments of thc invention, however, it is preferred that the horizontal (in usc) cross-scction of the tank is approximately constant along essentially the full height. of the tank. Such tanks include those circular cylindrical tanks referred to as "vertical tanks", above, and also tanks that have a non-circular cross-section such as flat-sided tanks. These configurations are more conducive to allowing stratification to occur within the heated water volume, thereby making the most ol the design of the heating assembly.

Claims (10)

  1. CLAIMSI. An elongate immersion heating assembly comprising a plurality of independently-a operable heating zones distributed along the length of the assembly.
  2. 2. An assembly accorthng to Claim Iwherein said plurality of heating zones comprises a plurality of spaced-apart heating elements connected to a support member such that the heating portions of individual elements are spaced apart at different to distances from said support member.
  3. 3. An assembly according to either Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein said heaLing zones comprise electrical heaters, operable by means of switching apparatus.is
  4. 4. An assembly according to either Claim I or Claim 2 wherein said heating zones comprise heat-exchange eletnent.s to deliver heat from a circulating Iluid, operable by means of valve apparaws.
  5. 5. An assembly according to any preceding claim, further comprising a plurality of independently-readable temperature sensors spaced apart along the length of the assenthly.
  6. 6. A water heating system comprising a tank for holding water and a heating assembly according t.o any preceding claim wherein said assembly is arranged such that, in use, individual heating zones oF said assembly are spaced apart 1mm each other in a vertical direction within said tank.
  7. 7. A water heating system comprising a tank For holding water and a heating assembly according to any of claims 1 to 5 wherein said assembly is arranged such that, in use, individual heating zones of said assembly are spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction, and further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors in operable contact with the surface of the tank and spaced apart. from each other in a vertical direction.
  8. 8. A water heating system comprising a tank for holding water and a heating assembly according to any of claims 1 to 4 wherein said assembly is arranged such that, in use, individual healing zones of said assembly are spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction within said tank, and further coniprising a plurality of a temperature sensors located within thc tank and spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction.
  9. 9. A watcr heating system according to either Claim 7 or Claim 8 further comprising: a control unit operably linked to each heating zone and each temperature to sensor, the control unit comprising a data receiver to receive data from the sensors: a storage area to storc system data; and a processor to compare the sensor data with the system data 1.0 determine activation or dc-activation of individual heating zones.
  10. 10. An immersion heating assembly or water heating system substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated by any appropriate combination of the accompanying drawings.
GB1300292.8A 2013-01-08 2013-01-08 Improvements in water heaters Withdrawn GB2512024A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1300292.8A GB2512024A (en) 2013-01-08 2013-01-08 Improvements in water heaters

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1300292.8A GB2512024A (en) 2013-01-08 2013-01-08 Improvements in water heaters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201300292D0 GB201300292D0 (en) 2013-02-20
GB2512024A true GB2512024A (en) 2014-09-24

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Family Applications (1)

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GB1300292.8A Withdrawn GB2512024A (en) 2013-01-08 2013-01-08 Improvements in water heaters

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017151772A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-08 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heater bundle for adaptive control
WO2020172697A1 (en) 2019-02-26 2020-09-03 Michael Gratz Electric heating rod and stored energy source

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB841252A (en) * 1955-11-10 1960-07-13 Simplex Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to electric immersion heaters
GB857909A (en) * 1957-01-11 1961-01-04 Aei Hotpoint Ltd Improvements relating to electrical immersion heaters
GB1234251A (en) * 1968-05-28 1971-06-03
US4263499A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-04-21 Romance Joseph S Immersion heater with thermal cutoff
WO2000058668A1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Menachem Cohen Hot water tank
FR2869245A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-10-28 Electricite De France Electric immersion heater for ladle, has heating zones defined on each arm, axially displaced in sheath by suspension devices and electrically fed by electrical connection devices connected to proximal end parts of arms
WO2010031994A2 (en) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-25 Baxi Heating (Uk) Limited An improved water heater

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB841252A (en) * 1955-11-10 1960-07-13 Simplex Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to electric immersion heaters
GB857909A (en) * 1957-01-11 1961-01-04 Aei Hotpoint Ltd Improvements relating to electrical immersion heaters
GB1234251A (en) * 1968-05-28 1971-06-03
US4263499A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-04-21 Romance Joseph S Immersion heater with thermal cutoff
WO2000058668A1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Menachem Cohen Hot water tank
FR2869245A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-10-28 Electricite De France Electric immersion heater for ladle, has heating zones defined on each arm, axially displaced in sheath by suspension devices and electrically fed by electrical connection devices connected to proximal end parts of arms
WO2010031994A2 (en) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-25 Baxi Heating (Uk) Limited An improved water heater

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017151772A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-08 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heater bundle for adaptive control
CN108702811A (en) * 2016-03-02 2018-10-23 沃特洛电气制造公司 Heater beam for self adaptive control
US10247445B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2019-04-02 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heater bundle for adaptive control
JP2019511090A (en) * 2016-03-02 2019-04-18 ワットロー・エレクトリック・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー Heater system
EP3737206A3 (en) * 2016-03-02 2020-11-18 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heater bundle for adaptive control
CN108702811B (en) * 2016-03-02 2021-08-10 沃特洛电气制造公司 Heater bundle for adaptive control
US11781784B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2023-10-10 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Heater bundle for adaptive control
WO2020172697A1 (en) 2019-02-26 2020-09-03 Michael Gratz Electric heating rod and stored energy source

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