GB2497066A - Broad and fast tunable optical parametric oscillator - Google Patents
Broad and fast tunable optical parametric oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- GB2497066A GB2497066A GB1110361.1A GB201110361A GB2497066A GB 2497066 A GB2497066 A GB 2497066A GB 201110361 A GB201110361 A GB 201110361A GB 2497066 A GB2497066 A GB 2497066A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910007475 ZnGeP2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- NJNFCDQQEIAOIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-methylsulfanylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CCN)C(SC)=C1OC NJNFCDQQEIAOIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004476 mid-IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3558—Poled materials, e.g. with periodic poling; Fabrication of domain inverted structures, e.g. for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
A coherent light source is provided for producing narrowÂ-linewidth output, continuously tunable within a broad (at least one-octave-wide) range of optical wavelengths. The source is based on type-I or type-0 near-degenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which uses a nonlinear optical crystal 3 with either birefringent phase matching or quasi phase matching. The pump wavelength is chosen such that the OPO degeneracy wavelength is close to the point of zero group-velocity dispersion. That results in an extremely broad OPO bandwidth. Fast OPO wavelength tuning is achieved by rotating an intracavity spectrally selective element in the form of a diffraction grating 5 in the Littrow configuration. In accordance with the invention, the choice of a nonlinear crystal and a pump source determines the overall tuning range. For example, the use of lithium niobate provides tuning over the range of 1.3 to 3 microns, ZGP - 3.8 to 8 microns, gallium arsenide - 4 to 12 microns, CGA - 6 to 13 microns.
Description
BROADLY ID FAST TUNABLE OPTICAL PMNØTRIC OSCILLATOR
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
(0001] This patent application claims priority to US Provisional Application No.61/343,210 filed April 26, 2010 and to US nonprovisional application 13/093,509 filed April 25, 2011.
FIELD OF TUE IZWENTION
10002] This invention relates to a system and method for producing broadly and fast tunable coherent optical radiation.
BACKGROUND OF TE INVENTION
(0003] The invention relates generally to optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and more particularly to a continuously tunable OPOs operating in the near-infrared and mid-infrared range, in both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed modes.
(0004] Optical parametric oscillators have been recognized as useful to effect the efficient conversion of fixed wavelength laser radiation into broadly wavelength-tunable radiation, OPOs can provide an efficient source of high power coherent radiation at wavelengths, which are not covered by conventional lasers. They convert monochromatic laser radiation (pump) into a tunable output via three-wave mixing process with quantum conversion efficiencies of up to > 90%. The heart of an OPO is a nonlinear-optical (NLO) crystal which is characterized by a NLO coefficient, decc. In the NW crystal, the pump photon decays into two less energetic photons (signal and idler) so that the sum of their energies is equal to that of the pump photon. In terms of optical frequencies and wavelengths, this is expressed as: o1=ø +oj (la) l/X,,=1/X +iX (ib) where to., w9, and co are the pwnp, signal and idler frequencies, which are related to the corresponding wavelengths as COm=2fl/?. (here in stands for p, s, or i).
(OOO5]Jn important further constraint is that the sum of the signal and idler wave-vectors (k-vectors) must equal to that of the pump -momentum conservation or phase-matching' condition [A. Yariv: Quantum Electronics, 3rd ed.
(Wiley, New York 1988)] k=k +k1, (2) where k, kD and Jc are the pump, signal and idler k-vectors, which are related to the corresponding wavelengths as k=2nn/?, where nm is the refractive index for each wave (in stands for p. s, or 1).
(0006lThe latter condition is never satisfied in the transparency range of isotropic media, where normal dispersion applies, but can be fulfilled in birefringent crystals through angle tuning. Alternatively, it can be fulfilled in "quasi-phase-matched" (QPM) crystals with periodically modulated nonlinearity (typical example is periodically-poled lithium niobate), where the artificially created grating of optical nonlinearity compensates for the wave-vector mismatch [M.M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, R. L. Byer: Quasi-phase-matched 2' harmonic-generation, Tuning and tolerances, IEEE.3. Quantum Electron. 28, 2631- 2654 (1992)].
(0007] Rotating the crystal (in the case of birefringent phase matching) or changing the quasi-phase-matched (QPM) orientation-reversal period (in the case of QPM crystals) changes the ratio between the signal and idler photon energies through phase-matching condition. This tunes the frequency of the output [I. T. Sorokina and K. L. Vodopyanov (Eds.), Solid-State Mid-Infrared Laser Sources (Springer, Berlin, 2003)]. Alternatively, the same goal can be achieved (in both birefringent and QPM crystals) by changing the crystal' s temperature.
O0O8] Wide OPO acceptance bandwidths can be achieved near OPO degeneracy point (that is when the signal and the idler beams have the same optical frequency) at the condition of type-I or type-O phase matching (when the signal and the idler beams have the same polarization) IA.J. Campillo et al., US Patent 4,349,907 (Sep 1982); R.C. Slater, US Patent 7,023,545 B2 (April 2006)]. This means that an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), an optical parametric generator (OPG, a traveling-wave parametric device), or an optical parametric amplifier (OVA), can generate (or amplify) a broad range of frequencies simultaneously.
[0009]Moreover, one can maximize the gain bandwidth of the optical parametric device at degeneracy by carefully choosing the pump wavelength, crystalline orientation and/or QPM period. Specifically, the largest gain bandwidth for parametric process can be achieved near a certain wavelength ?, such that the group-velocity dispersion of a N1.JO crystal near this wavelength is close to zero: d2k/d& o, (3) and if the wavelength of the pump laser source is chosen to be equal to half of that wavelength, X=X /2. [A. Birmontas, A. Piskarskas, and A. Stabinis, Soy. J. Quantum Electron. 13, 1243 (1983)].
[00103 In this case, an anomalously broad, approximately octave-wide gain bandwidth around the degenerate signal-idler wavelength ?, can be obtained for both angle-phase-matched crystals, e.g. ZnGeP2 (ZGP) [K.L. Vodopyanov, V.G. Voevodin, Opt. Commun. 117, 277 (1995)] and quasi-phase-matched crystals, e.g. GaAs [P. S. Kuo, K. L. Vodopyanov, M. M. Fejer, D. N. Simanovskii, X. Yu, J. S. Harris, ID. Bliss, D. Weyburne, Opt. Lett. 31, 71 (2006)1.
[0011] The condition (3) for the broadband OPA operation is formally equivalent to the condition: d2A/dX62 o, (4) described in [G. Imeshev et al., US Patent Application tJS200S/0238070 Al (Oct 2005)] (0012] In the prior art work, a narrow-linewidth OPG tunable over the 14.8 to 18.5 pm region was described by Campillo et al. [A.J. Campillo et al., US Patent 4,349,907 (Sep 1982)] . The drawbacks of the setup are that it is very complex; it consists of 3 different tILO crystals and uses a 2-stage frequency conversion process to achieve mid-IR output, hence it needs an energetic laser pumping source (energy lOmJ and few ps pulsewidth), in addition, it has very low conversion efficiency, on the order of iO, which limits it practical application. Also, the invention does not mention the idea of working close to the zero group-velocity dispersion (3)
S
(0013]A broadband source based on parametric device was described by Slater ER.C. Slater, US Patent 7,023,545 B2 (April 2006) 1, which can be used for chemical identification by flash spectroscopy. The invention uses the idea of a wide OPO acceptance bandwidth near degeneracy, but does not mention the condition (3) for achieving the highest bandwidth. Accordingly, the projected broadband output has a bandwidth of only 200 cmt, which is much less than an octave.
(0014] There is a need for a system that allows broadband tuning of the output radiation with an option for fast tuning.
SUMMARY OF TUE INVENTION
(0015) An object of the present invention is a coherent infrared OPO light source for producing narrow-lInewidth output that is continuously and fast tunable within an ultrabroad (at least one-octave-wide) range of optical wavelengths. Different wavelength ranges can be selected by the appropriate choice of a pump laser source, nonlinear crystal, its orientation and/or QPM period.
(0016] Optical parametric oscillators in accordance with the invention use continuous-wave (Dl) or pulsed laser sources and advantageously include the following NLO crystals: (1) lithium niobate (pump near A=O.93 p.m. tuning over the range of 1.3 -3 pm), (2) ZnGeP2 (ZaP) (pump at 2.6 pm, 3.8 -8 microns), (3) gallium arsenide (GaAs) (pump at 3 pm, 4-12 microns), (4) CdGeAs2 (CGA) (pump at 4.1 pm, 6 -13 microns) and other crystals.
(0017] Fast OPO wavelength tuning may be achieved by rotating an intracavity diffraction grating in a Littrow configuration.
(0018]Accorthngly, it is an object of the invention to provide improved optical parametric oscillators.
(0019]Another object of the invention is to provide improved wavelength tunable laser systems.
(0020]Ariother object of the invention is to provide a fast GPO tuning mechanism, which allows switching between any two wavelengths of the broadband range within 1 ms or less.
(0021]Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of making an optical parametric oscillator with > 50% conversion efficIency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022]FIG. 1 Schematic views of the optical system for practicing the invention. The pump beam is single-passed through the nonlinear crystal.
(0023] FIG. 2 Schematic views of the optical system for practicing the invention. The pump beam is double-passed through the nonlinear crystal.
(0024]FIG. 3 Angular tuning curve for the ZnGeP2 (ZGP) crystal illustrating extremely broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (5.2 pm), at the pump wavelength of 2.6 un.
(0025] FIG. 4 Angular tuning curve for the CdGeAs2 (CGA) crystal illustrating extremely broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (8.2 pin), at the pump wavelength of 4.1.un.
(0026] FIG. 5 Pump tuning curve for the perIodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal with an extremely broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (1.86 km), at the pump wavelength of 0.93 nn and QPM period of the crystal of 27 pm.
(0027]FIG. 6 Pump tuning curve for the periodically-inverted QPM gallium arsenide (GaAs) crystal with an extremely broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (6 jim), at the pump wavelength of 3 im and QPM period of the crystal of 150 pm.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0029]F1c3. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a system for practicing the invention. A pump laser beam of photons 1 with the wavelength X is directed toward a resonant cavity.
The resonant cavity includes a first mirror 2, a nonlinear optical element 3, a second mirror 4, and a spectral selector 5. In the preferred embodiment the spectral selector is a diffraction grating in a Littrow (back-reflecting) configuration. The mirrors are designed to have high reflectivity for the signal wave (at the optical wavelength A2) and have high transmission for the pump (Xv) and the idler wave (As). The OPO resonates at the wavelength of the signal wave and the diffraction grating is used to select a desired resonating wavelength A. The signal and the idler outputs 6,7 are extracted through the mirror 4.
(0029]FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of a system for practicing the invention. A pump laser beam of photons 11 with the wavelength X is directed through a beamsplitter 18 toward the resonant cavity. The beamsplitter 18 is transparent for the pump and is highly reflective for the signal and idler waves. The resonant cavity includes a
S
first mirror 12, a nonlinear optical crystal 13, a second mirror 14, and a spectral selector 15. In the preferred embodiment the spectral selector is a diffraction grating 15 in a Littrow configuration. As in the previous embodiment, the mirror 12 is designed to have high reflectivity for the signal wave and high transmission for the pump and the idler wave. However the mirror 14 is metallic, so that all three waves are reflected back. Thus, the signal wave resonates, while the pump and the idler waves are recycled to have a second pass before leaving the OPO cavity. The diffraction grating is used to select a desired resonating signal wave wavelength X. The signal and the idler outputs 16,17 are extracted through the mirror 12 and separated from the pump by the beamaplitter 18.
(0030] When the condition (3) of the broadband operation is met, conditions (i) and (2) are fulfilled simultaneously within a very wide spectral range near degeneracy. FIG. 3 shows angular tuning curve f or the ZnGeP2 (ZaP) crystal illustrating extremely broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (5.2 tim), at the pump wavelength of 2.6 tim. FIG. 4 shows angular tuning curve for the CdGeAs2 (CGA) crystal with a broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (8.2 pm), at the pump wavelength of 4.1 3Am.
FIG. 5 shows pump tuning curve for the QPM periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal with a broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (1.86 pin), at the pump wavelength of 0.93 tm and Q?N period of the crystal of 27 j.sm. FIG. 6 Shows pump tuning curve for the periodically-inverted QPM gallium arsenide (GaAs) crystal with an extremely broad optical parametric gain bandwidth near degeneracy (6 gm), at the pump wavelength of 3 gm and QPM period of 150 tn.
(0031]By rotating the Littrow diffraction grating S (FIG.1) or 15 (FIG.2), any resonant signal wavelength (Xe), and a complementary idler wave (Xi), through condition (1), can be selected within the extensive OPO bandwidth, which is typically more than an octave-wide in terms optical frequency. For example, in the case of GaAs OPO (pump at ?=3 tm), the whole range of 4-12 l.im can be accessed. Switching time of less than 1 ms between any two chosen wavelengths within this spectral range can be achieved by rotating the diffraction grating using fast electronically-controlled galvano or piezoelectric scanners with scanning frequencies in the kilohertz range.
[OO32To access shorter and longer wavelength ranges, a big variety of other NLO crystals can be used in the described OPO, e.g. CdSiP2, QPM gallium phosphide (CaP), QPM zinc selenide (ZnSe), QPP4 gallium nitride (GaN) and others.
[0033] The description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, marty modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
- <claim-text>CLAIMSWhat is claimed is: 1. A laser system for producing narrow-bandwidth coherent infrared radiation, comprising: an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) receiving a pump beam; the OPO creating a resonant wave: and a spectrafly selective element positioned inside the OPO that performs double function: it filters the spectrum of the resonant wave and provides a broadband tunability of an output beam over a wavelength range.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the OPO has a nonlinear optical element, which provides gain based on a three-wave parametric process.</claim-text> <claim-text>3. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the tuning between any two wavelengths within the range of one octave is performed at> 1 kl-(z rate.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the tuning is performed continuously.</claim-text> <claim-text>5. The laser system of claim 4, wherein a nonlinear element provides a continuous range of output optical frequencies spanning one octave or mare.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. The laser system claim 1 wherein the resonant wave is a signal wave or idler wave.</claim-text> <claim-text>7. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the OPO operates near degeneracy to provide a broad range for the output wavelength tuning. * ** : 8. The laser system of claim 7, wherein tflç OPO pump wavelength is chosen in such a way that the OPO degeneracy wavelength is close to the wavelength where the OPO's nonlinear optical cnjstal has zero group velocity dispersion. * * * * * S S *5</claim-text> <claim-text>U</claim-text> <claim-text>9. The laser system of claim 1, wherein a diffraction grating in the Littrow configuration is used as the spectrally selective element.</claim-text> <claim-text>10. The laser system of claim 1, wherein the fast OPO wavelength tuning is achieved by rotating the spectrally selective element.</claim-text> <claim-text>11. The laser system of Claim 10, wherein the spectrally selective element is a diffraction grating, and its rotation is performed by a fast galvano or piezoelectric scanner.</claim-text> <claim-text>12. The laser system of claim 1, wherein an overall output wavelength span is determined by the appropriate choice of a pump laser source and a nonlinear crystal.</claim-text> <claim-text>13. The laser system of claim 13, wherein the OPO's nonlinear optical element comprises a ZGP crystal pumped at
- 2.6 microns and tunable over the range of
- 3.8 -8 microns.</claim-text> <claim-text>14. The laser system of claim 13, wherein the OPO's nonlinear optical element comprises a CGA crystal pumped at
- 4.1 microns and tunable over the range of 6 -13 microns.</claim-text> <claim-text>15. The laser system of claim 13, wherein the OPO's nonlinear optical element comprises a PPLN crystal pumped at 0.93 microns and tunable over the range of 1.3-3 *. microns. * * * * *</claim-text> <claim-text>* 16. The laser system of claim 13, wherein the OPO's nonlinear optical element comprises a GaAs crystal pumpq4 at 3 microns and tunable over the range of 4 -12 * * microns. * * S *5 * * * . * *5</claim-text> <claim-text>17. The laser system of claim 131 wherein the OPO's nonlinear optical element is broadly tunable CdSIP2, QPM gallium phosphide (GaP), QPM zinc selenide (ZnSe), or QPM gallium nitride (GaN).</claim-text> <claim-text>18. The laser system ot claim 1, wherein the OPO includes a metal mirror; the metal mirror recycles the pump signal and idler waves for lower threshold of lasing.</claim-text> <claim-text>19. A method for producing narrow-bandwidth coherent infrared radiation within a broadband spectral range, comprising: sending a pump beam in an optical parametric osciHator (OPO), the OPO creating a resonant wave; directing the resonant wave towards a spectrally selective element positioned inside the OPO for filtering the spectrum of the resonant wave and providing a broadband tunability of a output beam over a wavelength range, and outputting a narrow-bandwidth coherent infrared radiation within a broadband spectral range.</claim-text> <claim-text>20. The method of claim 19, wherein the OPO pump beam wavelength is chosen in such a way that the OPO degeneracy wavelength is close to the wavelength where the OPO's nonlinear optical crystal has zero group velocity dispersion. * S S * S*5SS*S * S ** ** * S * 5S * S S. S * *5 * 5,</claim-text>
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/093,509 US8891160B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2011-04-25 | Broadly and fast tunable optical parametric oscillator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| GB201110361D0 GB201110361D0 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
| GB2497066A true GB2497066A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| GB1110361.1A Withdrawn GB2497066A (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2011-06-16 | Broad and fast tunable optical parametric oscillator |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2315360A (en) * | 1996-07-13 | 1998-01-28 | Secr Defence | Laser device |
| US6044094A (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 2000-03-28 | Inrad | Laser system with optical parametric oscillator |
| US20040125434A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-07-01 | Prem Kumar | Microstructure fiber optical parametric oscillator |
-
2011
- 2011-06-16 GB GB1110361.1A patent/GB2497066A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2315360A (en) * | 1996-07-13 | 1998-01-28 | Secr Defence | Laser device |
| US6044094A (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 2000-03-28 | Inrad | Laser system with optical parametric oscillator |
| US20040125434A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-07-01 | Prem Kumar | Microstructure fiber optical parametric oscillator |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| GB201110361D0 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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