GB2496167A - Deployable device comprising an auxetic material - Google Patents
Deployable device comprising an auxetic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2496167A GB2496167A GB1119010.5A GB201119010A GB2496167A GB 2496167 A GB2496167 A GB 2496167A GB 201119010 A GB201119010 A GB 201119010A GB 2496167 A GB2496167 A GB 2496167A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- text
- auxetic
- shape
- deployable
- deployable device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010426 hand crafting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009745 resin transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002174 soft lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
- B31D3/002—Methods for making cellular structures; Cellular structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
- B31D3/02—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section
- B31D3/0207—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section of particular shape or construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/44—Varying camber
- B64C2003/445—Varying camber by changing shape according to the speed, e.g. by morphing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
A deployable device comprising an auxetic material which is transformable from a first shape to a second shape on application of an external force.Preferably, the first shape is cylindrical, or tubular and the second shape ellipsoid. The device may comprise an auxetic material together with another material, an auxetic component may be interposed between non-auxetic components, or a non-auxetivc component may be interposed between auxetic components; the device may exhibit gradient-elastic properties. The device preferably has an outer wall that may be solid or comprise one or more apertures therein. An active ingredient may be stored within the device. The device of the invetion has application where the creation of space or the ability to deploy from one shape to another are required; possible applications include adaptive airfoil, devices for the controlled delivery of active ingredients, cleanable filters, removable cores in composites manufacture, fixation devices, deployable structures for radomes, tents and satellite structures and medical devices.
Description
DEPLOYABLE DEVICES
The present invention relates to a deployable device which is transformable from a first shape to another shape.
Auxetie materials are known. The Poisson's ratio (v) for a material is the ratio of the strain experienced by the material transverse to an applied load (Eftans) to Ike strain experienced by the material in the direction of the applied load (Eaial). That is, v = - (öctrans / 6Eaxia). When most materials are compressed (or expanded) in one direction they expand (or contract) in the two directions transverse to the direction in which the compressive (expanding) force is applied. Such materials have a zero or positive Poisson's ratio. An auxetic material, however, is characterised by a Poisson's ratio, measured in a particular direction with respect to the material, which is negative (i.e. less than zero). As a result, when an auxctic material is stretched in a particular direction by application of a tensile load, the material expands in at least one direction transverse to that direction. Similarly, when compressed in a particular direction, the material contracts in at least one direction transverse to that direction. When subject to an out-of-plane bending moment an auxetic material is characterised by the adoption of a synclastic (dome-like) curved form, as opposed to the anticlastic (saddle-shape) curvature adopted by a material possessing a positive Poisson's ratio under the same out-of-plane bending moment.
Axial compression of a regular cylindrical or tubular structure made entirely from an auxetic structure having uniform mechanical properties merely creates a shorter and thinner cylinder -it is not sufficient to expand the cylinder to a sphere. Similarly, axial extension of a regular cylindrical or tubular structure made entirely from an auxetic structure having uniform mechanical properties merely creates a longer and thicker cylinder -it is also not sufficient to expand the cylinder to a sphere.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a deployable device comprising an auxetic material transformable from a first shape to a second shape on application of an external force.
The first shape may be cylindrical.
The second shape may be ellipsoid-like shape, such as a sphere or spheroid.
The cxternal force may comprise any of compression, applying a tensile load or applying an axisymmetric out-of-plane bending movement.
The deployable device may consist completely of auxctic material or otherwise may comprise auxetic material together with other material. In such circumstances the device may have gradient mechanical properties having regions exhibiting different Poisson's ratios.
The device may have a convex bowing when in the first shape.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of transforming a deployable device comprising auxetie material from a first shape to a second shape by applying an external force.
Depending upon the design of the device, deployment may be achieved either by compressing the ends of the tube or cylinder in a direction along the longitudinal axis of the tube or cylinder, or by pulling the ends apart, i.e. applying a tensile load to the opposite ends of the tube or cylinder along the longitudinal axis of the tube or cylinder, or by applying an axisymmetile out-of-plane bending moment to the cylinder wail. The transition from, for example, a tubular or cylindrical conformation to an ellipsoid-like conformation upon deployment can be accurately controlled by the exact design of the auxetic component.
In accordance with the invention, auxetic materials have been developed for use as components of devices for creating a working space or for deploying from one shape to another. These materials exhibit an auxetic response to an appropriate external stimulus, i.e. the application of a compressive or tensile load in a particular direction, or an out-of-plane bending moment. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device is in the form of a tube or cylinder when in its unexpanded condition. When deployed the tube or cylinder assumes an ellipsoid-like shape, such as a sphere or spheroid.
The device of the invention has application where the creation of space or the ability to deploy from one shape to another arc required. Potential applications for these devices are numerous. For example, these devices may be used in adaptive airfoils for the modification of wing shape to achieve optimal aerodynamic perfonnancc in morphing aircrafq in devices having the ability to both store or entrap guest material in the undeployed configuration and release the guest material in the deployed configuration (e.g. in cleanable filters, or devices for the controlled delivery of active ingredients such as perfumes, odour agents, pharmaceutical ingredients and such like); in composites manufacture as deployable/removable cores; in fixation devices (e.g. where the narrow undeployed shape ftcilitates insertion into a surrounding material and the ability to change shape promotes increased anchoring function); in deployable structures for radomes, tents (civilian and military) and satellite structures (for example, antennae, booms and solar arrays); and medical devices employed within a body during laparoscopic and other medical procedures.
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood specific embodiments thereof will now be described by way of an example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -Figures 1A, 18 and 1C are schematic representations of a cylindrical structure of the invention made from a single type of regular auxetic material: IA at rest; lB subject to axisymmetric out-of-plane bending applied to the cylinder wall; IC subject to a higher axisymmetric out-of-plane bending applied to the cylinder wall; Figure 2 shows a folded paper (solid faces) device corresponding to the schematic shown in Figure 1; undergoing a cylinder-to-sphere transformation upon application of axisymmetrie out-of-plane bending applied to the cylinder wall; S Figure 3 shows a folded paper (semi-solid faces) device corresponding to the schematic shown in Figure 1; the undeployed device is initially contained within a delivery holder and, following extraction from the delivery holder undergoes a cylinder-to-sphere transformation upon application of axisymmetrie out-of-plane bending applied to the cylinder wall; Figure 4 shows a folded plastic (solid faces) device corresponding to the schematic shown in Figure 1; undergoing a cylinder-to-sphere transformation upon application ofaxisymmetric out-of-plane bending applied to the cylinder wall; Figures SA and SB are schematic representations of a cylindrical structure of the invention having gradient mechanical properties corresponding to a combination of non-auxetic and auxetie regions; the cylinder deploys to a non-cylindrical expanded form under tensile axial loading; Figure 6 shows a paper honeycomb cylinder of the invention having gradient mechanical properties corresponding to large negative Poisson's ratio and small negative Poisson's ratio regions; the cylinder deploys to a non-cylindrical expanded form under tensile axial loading; Figures 7A and 7B are schematic representations of a cylindrical structure of the invention having gradient mechanical properties corresponding to a combination of non-auxetic and auxetic regions; the cylinder deploys to a non-cylindrical expandcd form under compressive axial loading; and Figure 8 shows a paper honeycomb cylinder of the invention having gradient mechanical properties corresponding to large negative Poisson's ratio and near-zero Poisson's ratio regions; the cylinder deploys to a non-cylindrical expanded form under compressive axial loading.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows the transformation of a cylinder of auxetic material, at rest in Figure IA to a spherical shape in Figure Ic. cylinder-to-sphere deployment of a regular cylindrical or tubular structure made entirely from an auxetic structure having uniform mechanical properties requires an axisymmctric out-of-plane bending moment to be applied to the cylinder wall which, since it is auxetic, tries to adopt convex curvature locally due to the synclastic curvature characteristic of auxetic materials in bending and, therefore, creates an expanded sphere shape.
Figure 2 shows a simple folded paper structure corresponding to the uniform auxetic wall device of Figure 1 undergoing a cylinder-to-sphere transformation when an axisymmetric out-of-plane bending moment is applied to the cylinder wall. The device shown in Figure 2 has folded faces consisting completely of paper (i.e. solid faces with no apertures).
Figure 3 shows a %lded paper structure having the same folding pattern as the device shown in Figure 2, the device therefore comprising wall material having uniform auxetic properties. The device undergoes a cylinder-to-sphere transfbrmation when an axisymmetric out-of-plane bending moment is applied to the cylinder wall. The device shown in Figure 3 has apertures located at the apexes where adjacent folded faces meet and so the faces are semi-solid faces with apertures.
The wall of the device can then comprise solid material or it can define one or more apertures. The apertures enable visibility to the interior of the device and allow access for the introduction or removal of guest material or instruments.
The device in Figure 3 is initially bided-up inside a tube. The tube can act as a container to ensure the device is kept in the low volume undeployed state for storage and transportation. The tube may also act as an insertion device prior to delivery and deployment of the deployable device.
We have also established that if the cylindrical or tubular structure is pre-designed to define a slight convex bowing in its natural, at rest, state then an axial compression of the bowed cylinder is sufficient to expand the cylinder into sphere form since a component of the axial compression load provides the required out-of-plane bending moment at the bowed part of the cylinder wall. In the case of formation of the cylinder by rolling of an initially flat auxctic sheet, the bending of the sheet will provide for a natural bowing or double curvature tendency leading to a slight convex curvature in the at rest cylinder thus formed.
Alternatively, when bowing of the device (e.g. in Figures 1 to 3) is negligible, or at least insufficiently high to yield the desired out-of-plane bending moment, opposite ends of the device can be adapted so that an axial compression leads to the required out-of-plane bending moment. In a exemplary embodiment this can be achieved by reversing the sense of fold creases in cells at the ends of the device for the folded paper devices shown in Figures 2 and 3. Alternatively, an unbowed device 31 with a uniform auxetie fold pattern can be expallded to a sphere shape by applying a compression slightly offset from the longitudinal cylinder axis, thus giving rise to the necessary out-of-plane bending moment.
The devices are, of course, not limited to paper structures. Figure 4 shows a solid face folded structure of the same fold pattern as used in Figure 2. The structure shown in Figure 4 is made from a folded plastic material, giving illcreased rigidity to the deployed device. Other example materials include metals (e.g. aluminium) and shape memory alloys. Shape memory alloy materials enable deployment mechanisms based on a thermal stimulus in place oL or in addition to, the mechanical stimuli described above.
In further embodiments of the invention the cylindrical or tubular structure can be pro-designed to exhibit gradient elastic properties. As a result, axial loading is sufficient to expand the structure to an ellipsoidal shape.
In a first exemplary embodiment of a graded auxetic structure, illustrated schematically in Figure 5, a cylindrical or tubular structure incorporates an auxetic component interposed between non-auxctic components. In this case, axial tension of the unexpanded structure as shown in Figure 5 in the direction of the arrows shown in Figure 5 results in radial contraction of the non-auxctic ends and radial expansion of the central auxetic region. This leads to the cylindrical or tubular structure bulging (creating space) in its middle region. A similar effect can be achieved by replacing the non-auxetic ends with auxetic regions but which exhibit a lower auxetic response (i.e. expand radially to a lesser degree) to the applied load than the central region.
Figure 6 shows a paper honeycomb cylinder having gradient mechanical properties corresponding to large negative Poisson's ratio in the middle region and small negative Poisson's ratio regions at the ends. The cylinder deploys to a non-cylindrical expanded form under tensile axial loading, and is similar to that shown schematically inFigure5.
In a second exemplary embodiment of a graded auxetic structure, illustrated schematically in Figure 7, a cylindrical or tubular structure incorporates a non-auxetic component interposed between two auxetic components at either end of the structure.
In this case, axial compression of the cylindrical or tubular structure in the direction of the arrows in Figure 7 results in radial contraction of the auxetic ends and radial expansion of the central non-auxetic rcgion leading again to a bulging in the middle of the initially cylindrical structure. Again it is possible to replace the non-auxetic component with an auxetic component having a lower magnitude of negative Poisson's ratio than the auxetic components at the ends. The central auxetic component undergoes a lower level of radial contraction than the end auxetic components leading to a loss of cylindrical character when an axial compression is applied. The change in shape upon axial compression is sufficient to also induce out-of-plane bending and so further axial compression applied to the ends of the devicc also leads to the convex curvature of the graded auxetic structure.
Figure 8 shows a paper honeycomb cylinder having gradient mechanical properties corresponding to large negative Poisson's ratio regions at the ends and near-zero Poisson's ratio region in the middle. The cylinder deploys to a non-cylindrical expanded form under compressive axial loading, and is similar to that shown schematically in Figure 7.
The entire wall of the device may be formed from the auxetic material, or just a part or sub-section of the wall may be formed from the auxetic material. As described above with reference to Figures 1, 5 and 7, the wall may have a single, regular auxetic structure which exhibits a consistent response to an applied load (i.e. a non-graded auxetic material) or it may have a structure which exhibits a variable auxetic response to an applied load (i.e. a graded auxetic material) or it may have a structure which exhibits spatially-dependent auxetic and non-auxetic response to an applied load (i.e. a graded material).
The device can be reliably and repeatedly expanded and unexpanded to allow the device to be re-positioned if necessary within a particular intended working space and/or to be re-used in multiple applications.
The device may be employed on its own or as part of a system containing other components, which may themselves be auxetic or non-auxetic.
It is to be understood that the above described embodiments are by way of illustration only. Many modifications and variations are possible.
The geometrical structures are not limited to the specific folded and truss-like honeycomb structures described here. Alternative lblded and truss-like structures are known.
Manufacturing processes for truss-like structures include, but are not limited to, hand crafting and automated joining and stretching of glued folded strips of material, rapid prototyping, selective laser sintering, moulding techniques (e.g. resin transfer moulding), laser cutting, soft lithography and microelectrodeposition techniques.
KEY TO THE FIGURES
Figure IA = Auxetic cylinder at rest Figure lB Auxetic cylinder subject to axisymmetric out-of-plane bending of wall Figure 1C Auxetic cylinder subject to hrgher axisymmetric out-of-plane being of wall Figure 2 (1st image) = Auxetic folded cylinder (solid fold faces) (2nd image) = Apply slight bend to ends of cylinder to impart convex curvature ($rd image) = Apply axial compression to ends of cylinder to impart increased convex curvature (4th image) Apply further axial compression to ends of cylinder to form sphere Figure 3 (top LH image) = Auxetic folded cylinder (semi-solid fold faces) -in delivery holder (top RH image) = Apply slight bend to ends of cylinder to impart convex curvature (centre LH image) = Partial extraction of folded cylinder from delivery holder (centre RH image) = Apply axial compression to ends of cylinder to impart increased convex curvature (bottom LH image) = Full extraction of folded cylinder from delivery holder (bottom RH image) Apply further axial compression to ends of cylinder to form sphere Figure 4 (1st image) = Gradient cylinder (auxetic in middle) at rest (2 image) = Gradient cylinder (auxetic in middle) subject to axial extension Figure 5 (15t image) = Undeployed (2"' image) = Partially deployed -axial tension applied (31d image) = Fully deployed -higher axial tension applied Figure 6 (1st image) = Gradient cylinder (auxetic at ends) at rest (2 image) Gradient cylinder (auxetic at ends) subject to axial compression Figure 7 (15t image) = Undeployed -in delivery device (2 image) = Undeployed -partial removal from delivery device (3rd image) = Undeployed -full removal from delivery device (4th image) Partially deployed -axial compression applied (5th image) = Fully deployed -higher axial compression applied Figure 8 (1st image) = Auxetic folded plastic cylinder (solid fold faces) -in delivery holder (2 image) = Deployed folded plastic cylinder in form of sphere
Claims (2)
- <claim-text>CLAIMS1. A deployable device comprising an auxetic material transformable from a first shape to a second shape on application of an external force.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. A deployable device according to claim 1, wherein the first shape is cylindrical or tubular.</claim-text> <claim-text>3. A deployable device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second shape is an ellipsoid.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. A deployable device according to any preceding claim, wherein the device consists completely of auxetic material.</claim-text> <claim-text>5. A deployable device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the device comprises auxetic material together with other material.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. A deployable device according to any preceding claim, wherein the device has a convex bowing when in the first shape.</claim-text> <claim-text>7. A deployable device according to any preceding claim, wherein the device has an outer wall, which may be solid or comprises one or more apertures therein.</claim-text> <claim-text>8. A deployable device according to claim 7, wherein the entire outer wall is formed from the auxetic material.</claim-text> <claim-text>9. A deployable device according to claim 7, wherein only a part or sub-section of the outer wall is formed from the auxetic material.</claim-text> <claim-text>10. A deployable device according to any preceding claim, further comprising an active ingredient stored within the device.</claim-text> <claim-text>11. A deployable device according to claim
- 2. wherein the cylindrical or tubular shape is pie-designed to exhibit gradient elastic properties.</claim-text> <claim-text>12. A deployable dcvicc according to claim 9, wherein thc cylindrical or tubular shape incorporates an auxetic component interposed between non-auxelic components.</claim-text> <claim-text>13. A deployable device according to claim 9, wherein the cylindrical or tubular shape incorporates a non-auxetic component interposed between two auxetic components at either end of the structure.</claim-text> <claim-text>14. A deployable device according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the non-auxetic component at either end of the structure may be replaced with an auxetic component.</claim-text> <claim-text>15. A deployable device according to any preceding claim, wherein the external force comprises any of compression, applying a tensile load or applying an axisymmetric out-of-plane bending movement.</claim-text> <claim-text>16. A method of transfonning a deployable device according to any preceding claim, comprising auxetic material from a first shape to a second shape by applying an external force.</claim-text> <claim-text>17. A deployable device or method as defined herein in the description and drawings.</claim-text>
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1119010.5A GB2496167A (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2011-11-03 | Deployable device comprising an auxetic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1119010.5A GB2496167A (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2011-11-03 | Deployable device comprising an auxetic material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201119010D0 GB201119010D0 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
| GB2496167A true GB2496167A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1119010.5A Withdrawn GB2496167A (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2011-11-03 | Deployable device comprising an auxetic material |
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| Country | Link |
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| GB (1) | GB2496167A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3530561A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-28 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Auxetic bi-stable structure |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999022838A1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-14 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Separation process and apparatus |
| US20060163431A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-07-27 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Cover skin for a variable-shape aerodynamic area |
| WO2010147807A1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multi-layer stent assembly |
| US20110029063A1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2011-02-03 | Mkp Structural Design Associates, Inc. | Auxetic stents |
-
2011
- 2011-11-03 GB GB1119010.5A patent/GB2496167A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999022838A1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-14 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Separation process and apparatus |
| US20060163431A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-07-27 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Cover skin for a variable-shape aerodynamic area |
| US20110029063A1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2011-02-03 | Mkp Structural Design Associates, Inc. | Auxetic stents |
| WO2010147807A1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multi-layer stent assembly |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| pasemanadmin, Uploaded: 27 March 2011, 'Negative Poisson Ratio (or auxetic) Material' * |
| Professor Andy Alderson, 27/09/2011, 'Smart Solutions from Auxetic Materials' * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3530561A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-28 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Auxetic bi-stable structure |
| US11131243B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2021-09-28 | Airbus Operations S.L. | Auxetic bi-stable structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201119010D0 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
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