GB2496092A - Water treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

Water is treated using a module which generates microbubbles in the water. The water is further treated using an electrolyser, means for generating far infrared rays and a means for generating a vortex. An electrolyte, preferably sodium hydroxide, is added to the water to raise the pH to between 8 & 14. The water containing the dissolved electrolyte is then circulated through a single or double vortex. The vortex effect generates oxygenated microbubbles in the water. Further, the water is pumped through a pipe containing glass marbles and zeolite. After treatment with the zeolite, the water is pumped to a separate filtration unit which may contain a variety of stones, crystals and minerals. The filtration unit may include zeolite, bakuhan stone, tourmaline, clay, aluminium, tin, silver, kaolin earth, maifanshi, vanadium, muyu jade stone, nano silver powder and obsidian. The means for generating far infrared rays may be light emitting diodes. Water which has been treated as outlined above can be utilised in a fuel emulsion.

Description

A NEW OH WATER-GAS TECHNOLOGY FOR OIL

FUEL EMULSIONS USING A SODIUM

HYDROXIDE ELECTROLYTE WITH MULTIPLE

USES IN OTHER WATER TREATMENT

APPLICATIONS

Summary of the invention

This inventios is characterized by a rnicrn-hahh/e mar/n/ar pipe attaehmøii an elecrmli'zei hhr Infrared Rays, a double vortex in line ppe using a sodium hydroxide or an alternative sodium carbonate electmivte.

These technologies are used synergistically to generate a stable super-saturated hydrogen-oxygen waler Jor any type afflict emulsion. Its flexible modular design can be scaled to any size. The invention is cal/ed Of Iwo ter-gas Tech n oiog and ii has tn iilriple applications n a rn process as leg i a/en

Brief description of the invention

A synergistic technology tbr the production of a new type, of water the fliel emulsions, incorporating a certilied food grade (depending on application) sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte, a Micro-Bubble, Far Infrared, Waler-Conditioning and Mineralizing technologies using additional super efficient Elecirolyzers.

And (Mme generators.

This process restructures city water, from a high positive Oxidation Reduction Potential (01W) to a highly beneficial micro-clustered negative ORP Ol-Iwater-gas.

An exiernal source of For Infrared (herewith know as FIR) such as Light Emitting Diodes (herewith known as LEDs) arc incorporated anywhere on the OHwater-gas system in order to thither vibrate or resonate the water molecules to a namnv hand FIR tequency or as close to 10 o 15 microns as possible. This 10 micron vibration resonates the bonds of the atoms which are holding together the svater molecule, causing them to begin to dissociate in the electolyte solution.

(las marbles are simultaneously used within this device to generate mini-vortexes that thrther stmcture the water and also provide a reflective surface for photons emitted from the LEDs (see Fig. 1 and 3). The LED process further aids in dissociating the water molecules. ihercby releasing snore hydrogen and oxygen into the watet This invention is characterized in its application in that the OHwater-gas generated is suitable for generating a stable fuel emulsion without requiring chemical synthetic surfactants. The OHwater-gas generated can be optimized as a heahhy mineral water drink, The teclmology is modular in design and can be inexpensively altered for a multiple of other applications, including any industry that would benefit from enriched ozone or oxygenated mineral water.

A super-efficient electrolyzer is incorporated and conditioned in such a way so as to generate a catalytic layer on the 316L or 3l7L stainless steel eleetrolyzers plates or tubes. This generates a higher percentile production of two higher energetic gasses in the OHwater-gas known as ortho-hydrogcn and monatomic hydrogen for Iktrther improving the combustion efficiency of any fuel emulsion. When used for drinking water the preferred plates are made of Titanium. The ORwater-gas after going through the micro babble modular attachment further stabilizes the oxygen and hydrogen gases generated in the water.

Sodium hydroxide (herewith known as N-aOH) is the optimum waler electrolyte [be this application to create an K to 11.5 pl-1 water. th certain applications a certified food grade sodium hydroxide is the prefer-ted choice. Distilled water does not conduct electricity on its own. thereibre a catalyst will aid the eleetrolyzers in order to efficiently generate oxy-hydrogen gases.

An ideal catalyst has a substance that enables the reaction to take place without becoming part of the reaction. A 12 p]-I sodium hydroxide solution in distilled water is 0.04% NaOH at 0.01 moles per litre. A water pH of above 10 pH can have an ORP of over -300 mY. The pH scale is a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration and the p1-I may be considered as the power of hydrogen". This scale means that each whole pH value above 7 is ten times more alkaline than the previous whole numben For example, p14 11 is ten (imesmore alkaline thanpl-I 10 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than 9pH.

The Ol-Iwater-gas generated will further improve The stability and combustion efficiencies of ethanol-fuel-emulsions, coal-m-watcr Rid emulsions, Tall-Oil-fuel emulsions, Castor-oil-hid emulsions, a variety of blended thel emulsions, and any other oil or hydrocarbon water fuel emulsion.

There are ninny other applications for the Ollwaier-gas generated from this device including dramatically reducing industrial launderetic heating, cleaning and detergeni costs. The OZONE-rich ORwater-gas wasic water from any commercial launderette cleaning process can be further recycled as a water for fuel emulsion and used in the launderettes beating system with no waste water disposal. In this application the ozone waler musi nol have chemical detergents added. Costs can be reduced to over 80% when this launderette process is fully optimized.

This Ol-Iwaler-gas technology has a great deal of flexibility due to the modular design and the combination of filtration devices containing a diverse variety of stones, erystahs and minerals.

Detailed Description of the Invention

This Ol-Iwater-gas Technology is modular in design and can be scaled to any size. The O[-lwater-gas may he stoic in pressurized or non pressurized containers. The micro-bubble modular attachment facilitates long term storage of gases which are generated by or injected tutu the Ol-iwater-gas using ozone generators or super-efficient eleetrolyzer.

City water either direct from the mains supply or contained in a storage vessel is used for this application.

At 20°C city water has a surtlace tension of 72.8 Dynes/em and wifl have an Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of' between +250 wV and +400niV, This city water without expensive surlhctants, will not create a stable fuel emulsion for inure than a few minutes. In the prior art, water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion require expensive surfactants or technologies to keep the fuel permanently emulsified or it separates within a few minutes. The following patent is one of the latest examples in the prior art of an on-demand focI emulsifier: W02008/l 15345 Al.

This invention is eharacterhed in it application in that the ORwater-gas goes a long way to resolving this problem in the prior art, not requiring expensive machinery or the use of chemically synthetic expensive surfactants which can effoet the combustion efficiencies of the fuels.

The invention is characterized in its application in that the electrolyte Sodium hydroxide is added to the volume of water (city waler, distilled waler or preferably reverse osmosis waler) to raise the pH to between g & 14 pH although 9.5 to I.SpI-l is preferred for fuel emulsions, however this is not intended to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in it application in that the OfTwater-gas containing the dissolved NaOl-I electrolyte is then circulated through a sine or double vortex attached to the in-line water flow pipe, although this is not meant to limit the invention in any way This invention is characterized in it application in that all the processes combined help effect a dramatic reduction in the Ofiwater-gas Dynes number to sub-43 Dynes. The vortex effect generates oxygenated micro-bubbles in the water containing the NaOH electrolytes, however this is not intended to hnñt the invention in any way.

The invention is characterized in its application in that the double vortex cflbct instantly creates a negative zeta-potential in the NaOl-l waler and this effect can he verified by a Zeta probe, however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in it application in that this newly structured Ol-Iwater-gas generated in this modular technology can now be recirculated in both figure 1 and 3 as required and test meters eon evaluate the water -at each stage as a feedback loop before going to the next stage of the OHwater-gas process.

The Japanese oil emulsion Patent Number 056762 states that, The ion-eitchange resin serves to eliminate metal ions, such as calcwm, magnesium, iron and the like fi'om water to provide soft water and especiallj' to lower hardness to a level close to zero. The ion exchange resin used includes: a strongly acidic CatIon-exchange resin (I&cO$Na) obtained kt' isni/ôrnily sii/bnacing a sphere-shaped styrene-divinyibenzine copolymer The above Japanese oil emulsion patent requires expensive ion-exchange water softeners and the waler generated by this patent is not generally lower than 65 dynes. This is a disadvantage as the water has a higher surfhee tension for fliel emulsions. The electrolyzed water generated from the Japanese patent is limited in that it only uses a tournudine detachable cartridge for a very weak eleefrolysis of the water and this can be negatively affected during operation and especially as the tourinaline is slowly used up in the water during its natural 90 day cycle opening to question the reliable and consistent quality assurance of this water' br fuel emulsions.

The aibrementioned disadvantage potentially dilutes the water characteristics for a fuel emulsion along with the waters claim of consistent higher calorifie burn when used as an oil emulsion. The ion-exchange waler softener requirement in this Japanese patent is a disadvantage due to the cost of the ion-exchanger. cost of replacement chemicals, flushing the system and downtime, the percentage of waste water generated during the process along with essential maintenance. The ion-exchanger is problematic and more costly in areas where the water is very hard such as Yorkshire, England. A characteristic of the application of this ORwater-gas technology invention is that it does not operate with a costly commercial Ion-exchange water softener, although this is not meant to lint it the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the Ollwater-gas is generated by using distilled, reverse osmosis or filtered water. This invention is characterized in its application in that zeolites beads can be incoporated into cartridges or mothdar water flow pipe or it can use any modular pipe or tube attaclnnent. (See figures 1 & 3). This invention is characterized in it application in that the zeolite is not primary used for eliminating either hard water, nor to act as a water softener but rather to mainly help to dissociate the hydroxyl ions.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the OHwater-gas structured water is now pressurized and pumped through a pipe containing the clear glass marbles and zeolite (Fig. I and 3), although this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in it application in that the pipe containing the zeolitc and glass marbles can be transparent or made ftom any appropriate material.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the glass marbles generate multiple mini-vortexes or mechanical perturbations or agitations although this is not meant. to limit the application in any way. The aforetncntioncd mini-vortex effect generates small air bubbles that am enveloped into the vortexes, further oxygenating the water as it is subjected to FIR waves, however his is not meant to limit the application of the invention in any way.

This invention is eharacieriied in its application in that the zeta-potential ofeolire is dependent not only on the pH of the electrolyte solution but also on the ionic strength of the suspension and, in addition, on tIre Al content of its framework thereby emitting a large amoLurt of anions and supplying oxygen when set up as described although this is not meant to limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the specific type of zcolite structure used defines the number of silanol and alutuinol groups at the crystal surface. The hydroxide groups at the zeolite Y surface can easily he dissociated. When the zeolite-Al ratio in zeolite decreases, this effect countcraets the effect of protonation of the silanol groups in acidic solutions generated by the Al ions.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the zeolile surface will remain negatively charged due to the dissociation of the hydroxyl group which is supported by the high pT-I of the NaUB in solution.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the zeohte beads arc affected by the higher pH of NaOH creating a high negative zeta-potential in the water.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the effect described above further enhances the efficient protonatioa of the hydroxyl ions.

This invention is eharacteri.d in its application in that the surface charge of the zeolite V particles, in order for the zeolite to be as negative as possible, is best fulfilled at between 10 and 11.5 pH. Due to the presence of alumina, zcolites exhibit a negatively-charged framework, which is counter-balanced by positive eations resulting in a strong electrostatic field on the internal sLuface. Negative ions improve oxygen absorption in watet-.

This invention is characterized in its application in that LED's entitling Far Infrared (herewith known as FIR) rays intensify the effect of the water molecules resonating as the water traverses the glass beads and zeolite, however this is not meant in limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the glass marbles, zeolite and LED's are positioned as described in Figures 1 and 3 fbr maximum died although this is not meant to limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that any additional external FIR generating material can be used on the modular pipe, cartridges, etc. and that the example of the LED lights positioned around the tube, cartridge or pipe containing the glass beads and zeolite or other stones, crystals or minerals does not limit this invention's application ot FIR waves.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the aforementioned process will efficiently reflect and contain the light generated, however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the light emitting diodes generate specific frequencies of Far Infrared wavelength.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the additional FIR wavelengths help further vibrate the water molecules within the transparent tubes or pipes, reflecting the light emitted in every direction, although this is not meant 10 limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its appliealion in that a newly designed and lubricated 2-colour Infrared Light Emitting Diode emitting in the FIR wavelength region of 3-4 microns and 5-10 microns is preferred for this invention however this is not nteant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the zeolite is used to initially affect the structured OHwaler-gas, and equally, it can also act as a catalyst if mixed with tourinaline in the sante cartridge, pipe comainers or when incorporated into modular pipe-work. however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the type of zeolite structure defines the number of Silanol and Alwninol groups existing at the crystal surfaces, increasing the Al atoms shifts the iso-Electric Point lowering the p1-I values, which is attributed to the high acidic strength of the Al atoms. This effect can he countered by using a higher pH water generated by NaOH.

This invention is characterized in its application in that after the water has been conditioned by the rcohte beads and LEDs FRI rays, it is pumped to a separate unit containing a number of water filtration cartridges, tubes or pipes containing a variety of stones, crystals and minerals, although this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

A variety of suggested materials for the filters are stated below but this is not meant to limit the invention in any way, these include zeolite, Bakahan stone, tourmaline, clay, alunununt, tin, silver, kaolin earth, rnaifanshi, vanadium, tnuyu jade stone, far inlrared, nano silver powder and obsidian. The atbrctnentioned materials in the filters combined with the NaUI-l electrolyte increase the negative ions in the water and flirther benefits the -ORP and p1-1 of the water, This invention is characterized in its application in that the number of filters can be increased or rdueed depending on the volume of water to be treated.

This invention is characterized in its application in that when mixing the zeolite and toumialine in a modular cartridge and using heat or agitation or both in the waler, it produces a higher concentration of negative ions and improved electrolysis effect from the tourmaline, however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the effects of zeolite and tourtnaline combined in a single cartridge can he further enhanced by the presence of the other source of FIR such as the LEDs, as shown in Figs. I and 3, although this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This ORwater-gas, now mineralized and further elecurolyzed is then pumped to the micro-bubble device (Fig.2).

This invention is chin-acterized in its application in that the micro-bubble generator creates micro-bubbles of lower than Si) microns in size that help stabilize the gases generated in the water at every stage of the process in this OHwater-gas technology. however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way. The micro-bubble gcnei-ator is preferably manufactur-ed from marine-grade stainless sLed.

This invention is charactcrizcd in its application in that the micro-bubble generator is a reliable modular attachment and it can he positioned or set-up in multiply areas in this water technology design and is not limited to any lived position.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the water is discharged into the micro-bubble generator front slits at the base of the. generator.

This invention is characterized in us application in that there are len slits, each of 0.6 nun width set in array which are angled against the main-flow direction of the pipe, however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the modular micro-bubble attachment can be scaled up to any size required.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the whole OHwater-gas Thchnology System can he scaled up to any size commercial or industrial application.

This invention is characterized in its application in that these slits have the characteristic of a very large velocity aradicnt which represents the rate of change of the flow velocity of the water throuØt the angled slits (between an angle of 20-70 degrees) and the stationery surrounding water in the tank.

This invention is characterized in its application in that when thc mineralized and electrolyzed waler is discharged fl-ow the slits into the tank a shearing three is produced due to the accelerated water flowing through the shls quickly decelerating upon discharge into the lank through the 20-70 de'ee angled slits.

This suddenly changes the flow direction and produces a shearing flow at the corner of the slits characteristic of the Kelvin-Hclmholti. instability in the separated shear layer which produces this shearing force. The increased flow velocity in the slit generated is a result of the small cross-section area.

This invention is characterized in its application in that if these slits in the micro-bubble generator are specifically angled at 61) degrees it will produce smaller water bubbles with a diameter of less than 50 microns however, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the micro-bubble generating system is low-cost, simple to manufacture, robust and reliable, sealable to any required size for its application however, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way. The schematic diagram in Fig. I shows the micro-bubble generator.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the eleetrolyzers generate ortho-hydrogen and monalomie hydrogen gas of a very high purity in this ()Hwater-gas and this application further benefits the ealorifie value and eonthttslion of any emulsion huid, however, this is nol meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application is that the electrolyzers generate a higher percentage of oriho-hydrogen and ntonalomie hydrogen gas as it mixing with the flowing watet This invention is characterized in its application is that the water upon entering the micro-bubbler generator and then exiling the slits, the gases are stabilized and stored lbr a long lime in the Ol-Iwaler-Qas, which is then available ibr any specific fuel emulsion application however, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application is Ihat by incorporating an olPIhe-sheif square-wave Pulse Width Modulator, a higher percentage of the ortho-hydrogen and monatonuc hydrogen created in the eleetrolvzers however, this is not meant to htnit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the gases generated from the electrolyzers can be mixed into the OHwater-gas at any point prior to the micro-bubble generator as in Fig.2, however this does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the OHwater-gas generated can be converted to a higher concentration of electrolyzed ORwater-gas by redirected the Ol-Iwater-gas to travel through the eleetrolyzer cell and return to the water flow pipe prior to being directed to the micro-bubble generator entry pipe, however this does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that depending on the electrolyte pH of the NaOH, the plates or tubes should he spaced 1 mm apart in the electrolyte cells however this does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that any number of electrolyzers can be added to this Ollwater-aas technology.

This invention is characterized in its application in that there is no waste of the heal generated in the water by the electrolyzers or heat loss itt the water from the electrolyzers however, this is not n]eant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application is that the ozone or oxygen gas can he injected to the micro-bubble generator in a number of possible entry points however, this does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in that the ortho and monalomic gas in the structured waler in this invention electrically binds itself molecularly to the thel when emulsified, increasing the fuel volume by up to 25%.

For this to happen ii needs to be pumped through a 3-5 micron filter so that the waler-gas and fuel become intimate in this filler arrangement however, this is not meant to limit the invenlion in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that in that the gas front the eleetrolyzers or ozone generator can be. directly pressure pumped into a fuel emulsion howevet; this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application is that the Ollwater-gas generated does not need to be stored in a pressurized container although this does not limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in thai the gases have longer stability in the Ol-Iwater-gas after being process by the micro-bubble generator however, ths is not meant to until the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that carbon dioxide gas (C02) can be injected into the micro-bubble generator to reduce the pH of the water however ibis does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that when (i02 gas is mixed utto this OFlwatcr-gas technology it can tbrm a weak cai-bonic acid which reacts with NaOH to thrrn sodiLtm bicarbonate howcvet; this is not meant to htnit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that by injecting nronatomie or ortholwdrogen gas into the micro-bubble generator an enhanced stable super-saturated hydrogen and oxygen water is made available for emulsion fuels that has the characteristic of creating a super-efficient combustion above the 1003⁄4 calorifie value generated by a similar non emulsified fossil fuel or renewable oil fuel, however this does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the gas generated by the eleetrolyzers can he separately injected into the hydrocarbon thels when it is being emulsified or pressure mixed with any renewable or non-renewable fossil fuel e.g. by applying a simple hydraulic pressure pump.

This invention is characterized in its application in That the ORwater-gas can he splash mixed with any petrochemical or ienewahle 0)1 prior to mixing ia a hydraulic pressure pump or any oilier device.

This invention is characterized in its application in that any fuel cmnulsifter can be attached to this Ofiwaler-gas Technology System however this does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its applicalion in that the OHwater-gas can be generated as required at any 1kw rate on-demand and pumped directly to an cntulsiticr or water storage container or recirculated in any water system where it can be used immediately as a fUel emulsion or stored for later use however, titis does limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the OHwater-gas technology is nmodtilar in design with great flexibility with regard to manufacturing and ease in the replacement of parts.

This invention is characterized in its application in tltai the negative ions in the Oliwater-gas can benefit by being protected from anti-static or any positive ion overdose by grounding the system or flooding it naturally with negative ions, however this is not meant to lintitthe invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the OJ-lwater-gas technology is grounded to the earth so that the fUll Oliwater-gas generating device and fUel emulsion generated front the Oliwater-gas is further flooded with negative ions from the earth or additional source, however, this is not meant to hnnl the invention in any way.

This invention is charactetized in its application in that when this OHwater-gas generating system is used for an emulsion fUel system in power stations. sonic of the exhaust gasses front the generators can also he injected fur reeireulation into this OHwater-gas via the modular micro-bubble unit for generating a fuel emulsion.

This invention is characterized in its application in that in Fig I., there is the option of multiple gas injection poinis.

This invention is characterized in its application in that when the gasses (ozone. oxy-hydrogen. ortho-hydrogen, rnonatoinie hydrogen gas, oxygen, C02 ete) are inieeted into this OFiwater-gas, the water falls like a waterfall, through a metal mesh sieves into a storage container, however this is not meant to limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that tin or aluminum mesh wire or any type of either may be added after the bubbler to generate more hydrogen gas in the high pH NaDE! water.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the micro bubbles can be situp to fall through numerous stones, crystals and minerals. This invention is ehai-acterized in its application in that when using this water for a fuel emulsion, its temperature can he set to range from 20 C to 35 C: hut 32 C is preferred for the best fuel emulsion mixture.

The invention is characterized in its application in that aluminum or tin can be used when the Ol-Iwater-gas is heated from 50 C. to 80 C for generating more hydrogen gas in this ORwater-gas however this is not meant to limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the water can be used immediately to generate an emulsion fuel or it can be pumped for storage.

This invention is characterized in its application in that any additional devices can be interfaced with the OHwater-gas technologies for any specific application however, Ihis is not meant to hmit the application in any way.

This inventmn is characterized in that the application in the OHwater-gas water can be injected into the engine air supply of a diesel generator or burner at 5 to 15 microns as ultra tine water droplet which explodes as a higher etuiciency than ordinary water however this is not meant to limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that any solar technology can interface with the OHwater-gas Technology to feed electricity to tile cleetrolyzers allowing them to operate in low cost electrical production mode however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

This invention is characterized in its application in that the OZONE-rich OHwater-gas waste water front any commercial laundererte cleaning process can be further recycled as a water fur fuel emulsion and used in the launderettes heating system with no waste water disposal. In this application the ozme water must not have chemical detergents added howevm; this is not meant to limit the application in any way.

This invention is characterized in the application in that Ia1! Oil can he fully emulsified with this OHwaier-gas by mixing with a small percentage of sulfonated castor oil or a higher percentage proportion of castor oil however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.

Synthetic chemical surfaetants are expensive and often result in dc-rating of the burner This invention is characterized in its application in that this OHwateigas resolves the problem in the prior art whereby the usage of synthetic chemical surfactants in fuel emulsions often results in the dc-rating of the burners or generators, which does not happen when using this Ol-Iwater-gas, This invention is characterized in that the water generated for any emulsion the] makes a significant difference to the efficiency of (he combustion process, compared to ordinary water commonly used, if not exclusively thr emulsion fucls, The problems and solutions for emulsion fuels A reduction o the amount of non-renewable energy usage in conformity with entbrcement o the Kyoto Protocol Aureement is still perceived as a serious slumbling block in many countries throughout the world.

Encouraging alternative and innovative solutions are finally emerging to educe this goliath non-renewable energy demand that has been necessary to lubricate the wheels of industry and the modern world.

The ongoing research into wind, solar, renewable fuels and specifically emulsion-type water-mixed fuels has led to methods for filing a plethora of patent applications relating to innovative emulsifying technologres.

This includes surfaetants to bind the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type emulsions. This may well prove to he a significant contribution for reducing pollution and energy consumption, especially dwindling supplies of non-renewable fossil lücls, helping to conserve this precious resource thr future generations.

The projected rising costs of crude oil extraction mean that a new types of water-fuel emulsions have the potential to be a realistic solution. Implementation, research and development of new emulsion fuels with potentially hiaher calorific values than 100% fossil fuels alone otTer real key solutions to the atbrementioncd problems.

If we are to be encouraged to switch to using ethanol, bio-dicsel and renewable fUel-emulsions a new type of water is required.

In the last 40 years there has arisen the technology for the application of emulsified fuels, due 10 (he higher cost of crude oil. This is divided into two types: W/0 and 01W. Water-in-oil emulsion has dispersed many fine water particles into the base oil/ffiel. Oil-in-waler has inversely, dispersed many fine oil/fuel particles into the water phase.

The water generated for any emulsion fuel makes a significant difibrenee to the efficiency of the combustion process, compared 10 ordinary waler commonly used, if not exclusively fUr emulsion fuels.

Class 6 heavy oil or furnace oil is a heavy, viscous hydrocarbon oil which is difficult to handle or atomize.

Utilizing hi2li air pressure, the thrnaee oil burners can only atomize the the1 into droplets of 50-200 microns in size.

The burning only takes place in the exposed surface of the droplet. Larger droplets therefore do not hum, leaving large carbon deposits. This invention is characterized in that the water generated for any heavy oil emulsion fuel makes a significant difference to the efficiency of the combustion process, compared to orchnary water which is almost exclusively for etnulsion ftwls.

In emulsified fUels, the embedded water droplets arc 5-20 microns in size. The flame temperature causes the water embedded in the emulsion fUel to burst into steam, increasing its volume 1700 times. This rapid expansion shatters the host petroleum or oil droplets into 10-15 micron sized oil droplets, thus having 1,000 times greater surthee area.

The, unique combustion characteristics of emulsified fuels are known as "secondary atomization". In an as yet little understand process, the combination ot low pressure and a high temperature flame paiitally dissociates the embedded waler, releasing a small quantity of hirhly-combusrihle hydrogen. This invention is characterized in application in that the water generated contains higher energetic oxy-hydroge.n gases that further enhance any emulsion fitch.

This ORwater-gas generated for heavy oil emulsion fuel niakes a significant ditTeren to the energy released during combustion due to the saturation of the emulsified fuel with orthohydrogen and monatotnie hydrogen gas, oxygen and ozone gas stored in the water of this invention.

Emulsion fitels reduce pollution and significantly increase thermal yields over normal furnace oil.

According to the study of thc National Risk Managemeni Research Laboratory on behalf of the EPA (USA), eniulsitied class 6 heavy oil (containing 10% water) released 16,604 l3TlJs per pound while normal class 6 heavy oil (furnace oil) released only 10,390 BTUs per pound.

Partial dissociation of the waler droplets into hydrogen and oxygen during emulsified finnace oil combustion is evident from the rise in oxygen lcvels in the flue gasses. Hydrogen thus contributes to the conibustion whilst oxygen acts as an intcal oxidizer.

Link reference for emulsion fuels: The water generated from this device will mix with Tall Oil, Casthr oil and Turkey Red oil to generate a very stable fUel emulsion. Both Turkey Red oil, which is another name for sulfonated castor oil and Tall oil, generated front the paper mill industry, are both anionic.

The combination of these fUels using the water outlined in this device generates a uniquely stable fuel due to the anionic nature. Mixing additional eleetnilytes into this water means that the afoivmentioned fuel can be stable for over six months.

Additional higher quantities of castor oil may also be emulsified with this water and Tall oil. Castor oil is the only oil that has both polar and non-polar bonds, hence it is fully miscible in water in the form of Turkey Red oil.

This unique OHwatcr-gas-gas technology has enormous f!cxibhity depending on its application and can be modular in desian, scaling up or downto encompass any volume of water and any specific application.

If this structured OHwaWr-gas was used for an industrial launderette, the only gas that would he injected is ozone gas and this, depending on its concentrations, would be an excellent cleaning detergent for laundcrettcs thereby eliminating the need for detergents.

In this application the water temperature would be dramatically reduced and no detergent would be required for cleaning purposes due to the flexibility of the ozone concentrations and its capacity for long term storage in the OHwater-gas.

This OTiwater-gas can also have agricultural ctillivation applications. The structured OHwater-gas can increase plans growth and certain minerals contained in this water have been shown to impact milk production when ingested by dairy cows.

This highly negatively charged ionic OHwater-gas can he produced for sale as a supcr-oxygcnatcd mineralized drink. This would simply require makings light adjustments to the set up (if the water technologies modular desiaris using certified food grade sodium hydroxide in distilled water.

As the OHwatcr-gas system is modular in nature, adaptations arid changes for different applications arc relatively casy to initiate. Also, numerous tcst meters can he used to measure the high oxygen levels, p11 and zeta potential, etc. This further validates the waters capacity to store ozone, hydrogen and oxygen gasses.

Background of the uvention

Ever since the Big Bong, everything in the universe vibrates. All matters, atoms, molecules and all kinds of' substances vibrate ti'he,i energy is applied. We can not see energy hut we can see the ejfrctc of energy by observing different kiuds f vibrations Throng/i these vibrations, energy is tra nVerred from one substance to another.

Far Infrared Radiation The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into three segments of wavelength, measured in micnms or micrometers (a micron 1/1,000,000 or a micron or (1000,001): 0.076 to 5.6 middle or intermediate. 5.6 to 1000 far or long wave infrared.

The segment of the electromagnetic spectrum occurs just below or "infra" to red light as the next lowest energy hand. This band of light is not visible to human eyes hut can he seen by special cameras that translate infrared into visible colors, such as done by thermal cameras.

Far infrared(FIR) is one range of the electromagnetic spectrum of waves emitted by the sun. [Iwnans can not see this Lirht, but know of its existence front the warmth they feel. Far-infrared can penetrate up to 4 cm (about 11⁄4 thebes) in the human body. The sun produces most of its energy in the infrared segment of the spectrum. Our atmosphere has a window" in it that allows infrared rays in the 7 to 14 micron ranges to safely reach the earth's surface. When warmed, the earth radiates infrared rays in the 7 to 14 micron bands, with peak output at [1) microns. -,

long in length; closest to microwaves; short in length about 7-14 microns; closest to visible light about average length - -emits thermal energy 0.7 -1.1 microns; have no about 3 -5 microns: used 1 used in saunas and clothing used in remoie-for thernial imaging labries; control devices i easily absorbed by human 1 eel1s Our bodies radiate infrared energy through the skin at 3 to 50 microns. with the most output at 9.4 microns.

Our palms emit infrared energy in the level of 8 to 14 microns.

NASA calls it Bioenergetie Rays'; bm ii is a given thai fri infrared have woven to be as important to human life as is oxygen, food, and water. NASA has used far infrared for cardiac conditioning. Recent biological and biophysical research has revealed that fbi-infrared rays are eltëctive to human body when their wavelength is with in tile range from 6 microns to 4 microns (the fbi-infrared rays have wavelength ranring from 4 microns to 1,000 microns). Within this range of wavelength, the fbi-infrared rays cause resonance with inoleeolar oscillation of water involved ia cellular tissues of human bein2 end can penetrate the body of human being.

At absolute zuro temperature (-273.15(2 or -459.67F), all matter ceases to vibrate. As temperature increases, so does vibration. The velocity and frequency of vibration depends on the substance: molecular weight, molecular structure, the size of mechanical structure, etc. When a tuning thrk is struck, it vibrates with a particular pitch which is its own resonant frequency. The striking energy is transferred into a sustaining tone, although this energy does not vibrate at that frequeney The str g energy is an impulse energy that contains a wide range of frequencies, each with a very small aniouni of eneny. The tuning fork converts the entire striking energy into a single tone of vibration.

When we pass 60Hz (cycles per second) electrical current through a substance, tungsten, it converts the energy into very high frequency vibration, namely the visible light frequency. The resonant frequency of tungsten is the visible light frequency. That's how the electric light bulb works. The natural resonant frequencies of molecules of water and organic substances are within the far-infrared (FIR) wave frequencies (wavelength of 5 to 15 microns); therefore, water and organic substances absorb energy easily fl-ow this radiated FIR wave. Since it is their resonant frequcucy, they vibrate vigorously at that frequency and become the radiator of the frequency as well as its iteeivet Mineral oxides such as silica (Si02), alumina (Al203) can convert any normal energy into FIR waves in a most efficient manner so that, in room temperature, most of the ambient energy will he converted into FIR wave energy. Most of us have seen an aluminum plate that melts ice right in front of our eyes. This plate is made of FIR resonant frequency material that changes the ambient energy to FIR energy which, in turn, reso ales water molecules in the ice Ia melt it. If a metallic or ceramic sw-face is coated with ibis type of FIR radiating material and the surface is heated by conventional heating method such as oil or electricity.

the surface will generate smmg FIR wave.

Every kind of germs and viruses has its own unique molecular lhrmula; that means they all have diflhrent resonant frequencies. Omanie substances may have more than one resonant frequency. The sum of these frequencies form a unique cotnpound frequency.

FIR resonance causes ionization of water into hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion at extremely high speed (10/12 sec.). This ionization is called "activation atwater".

The infrared rays from the sun are peak at 3.5 to 10 microns of wavelength. Thereibre it can be easily undersIood thai the infrared rays 016 lo 14 microns are particularly important thr a living things.

Zeolite -the Stone that Boils Zeolites (Greek, zein, "to boil"; lithos, "a stone") are minerals that have a micro-porous structure. The term zeolite' was originally coined in the 8th century by a Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronsiedt who observed, upon rapidly heating this natural mineral, that the stones began to dance -b()lt as the water evaporated. Using the Greek words which mean "stone that boils", he called this material zeolite. Zeolites are a volcanic rock composed of hydrated alununo-silicates of the alkali earth metals. They have three dimensional crystalline frameworks of tetrahedite silica or alumina anions bonded strongly at all corners.

Channel sizes of the zeolite structure range from 2.5 to 4.3 angstrorns in diameter (according to zeolite type). Specific channel size enables zeolites to act as molecular gas sieves, Zeoliles have a high affinity for water and have the eapabili' of adsorbing and desorhing ii without damage to the crystal structure.

More than 1500 zeolste types have been syiithcsrcd and 48 naturally occurring tcolites are known.

Zeolites are similar to clay minerals and both are alumtno-siheates. They do differ, however, in their crystalline structure.. Many clays have a layered crystalline structure (similar to a deck of cards) and arc subject to shrinking and swelling as water is absorbed and removed between the layers. In contrast, zeolites have a rigid, 3-dimensional crystalline structure (similar to a honeycomb) consisting of a network of interconnected tunnels and cages. Water moves freely in and out of these pores but the zeolae framework remains rigid.

Zcolitc also has the unique ability to exchange ions, makthg it a highly cilicient catalyst. Certain commercial applications use an electrostatic fleld within the zcolite to increase its adsorption qualities. The elcetrostafie field creates a polarization that repels or attracts molecules within zcolite's lattice structure.

creating a use and cleaning effect that increases the filtration properties of zeolite. Aquaculture farms use zeolite filtration systems to clean and purify water and clean waste. Tests conducted using manufactured zeolite flats indicate thai zeolite removes arsenic front water to levels low U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, thus increasing water safety.

Zeolites are similar to clay minerals and both arc alumnino-silicates. They do differ, however, in thcir crystalline structure, Many clays have a layered crystalline structure (similar to a deck of cards) and are subject to shrinking and swelling as water is absorbed and removed between the layers. In contrast, acolites have a rigid, 3-dimensional crystalline structure (similar to a honeycomb) consisting of a network of interconnected tunnels and cages. Water moves freely in and out of these pores hut the zeolite framework remains rigid.

It is important to remember that not all of these minerals are the same. Some help to assist plant growth white others make excellent filtration media, but the same icolitc will not necessarily do both well. It is critical to understand how zcolites differ so that only the appropriate types and source materials are selected for this application.

Exchange sites on a particular zeolite may contain nearly all K, nearly all Na, some Ca or Mg, or a combination of these. It is important to take these diffcmnces into account when assessing which zcolite to use for the application of the above invention.

Mineral oxides such as Silica (Si02), and Alumina (A1203), can convert any nominal energy into FIR waves in a very efficient manner, so that in room temp. most of the ambient energy will be converted to FIR waves energy. This plate is made of FIR Resonant fi'cqucumcy material that changes the ambient energy to FIR energy, which, in turn, resonates water molecules in the ice to melt it. ii' a metallic or ceramic surface is coated with this type of FIR radiating material and this surface is heated by conventional heating, the surface will generate strong FIR waves.

A strong electrostatic field within a zuolite cavity results in a very strong interaction with polar molecules, such as water. Non polar molecules are also strongly absorbed due die the polarizing power of these electric fields Because cations are free to migrate in and out of zeolite structurus, zeolites are often used to exchange their cations for those of surrounding fluids The inclusion of aluminum into zcolite structure ltas two major effects: an increase in the negative net charge-which are neutralized from the protons hydrogen bonded to the loan pairs of the bridging oxygen. These acidic sites place a significant role in the zeolite catalytic activity. The reta potential of the zeolite depends not only on the pH, but also on the ionic strength of the suspension. and the Al framework.

The zeolite surface remains negatively charged due to the disassociation of the hydroxyl group, Tourmalinc Tourmaline, having electric properties emits far mYra red light anions when heated, Zeolites store water withm numerous nano-pores, and generate valer vapor in healed waler emitting a large amount of anions and supp]ying oxygen.

Research on purification treatment of water with cbrotnium-6 and tourmaline found that the resulting waste water qualified for national discharge standard. The purification was attributed to the absorption of the chrorninn-6 ions by electrostatic charge around the field of the tourmaline and the subsequent precipitation in the presence of OH. Ten grams of lourmaline were stirred in the water at a high pH for forty minutes at degrees Celsius. Under the action of an e]ectrostatic field water molecules arc clectrolyzed and hence produce active molecules H30-t-and OH (-), in which the former attracts dirt or impurities to the tourmaline surfacc, thus purifying the water, whcrcas the latter combines with water molecules to form negative ions.

The results show that thc static voltage of tourmaline crystal ends enhance gradually with enhancing pressure, hut thcnc is no linear function between each other.

Tourmahuc is a kind of silicate minentl with ringed (molecular) stmcture. Its characteristics and functions such as a spontaneous electrical polarity, thermoelectric, piezoelectric water molecule activation, ion with electric absorption, far-infrared radiation, and anion-releasing capabilities.

Tourmalinc structures make it tiroduce negative ions from one side where water is absorbed to the other side, and to absorb negative ions when the water is removed. When mixtures of zeolites and tourmalinc arc shaken it produces negative ions. This happens because zeolite is a strong absorbents of water so they produce moisture to tourtnallne and it produces increased negative ions.

Fig. 4 shows the chemical composition of the tourinaline group.

Bakuhazi Stoae Bakuhan Stone has been found to increase the alkalinity of water and to increase the dissolved oxygen content of water as it becomes conditioned in the presence ofwater. Ii also lowers surface tension.

A number of tests can be carried out to identify energy components found in ground rock dust. If the dust clearly shows an influence on water then it follows that it will have an influence on human metabolism. In an adsorption test for residual chlorine, it showed about 90% in 300 minutes. The level of the adsorbed residual chlorine was adhered to the hiakuhan Stone was also investigated. When a test solution, which turns blue in the presence of chlorine., was mixed into the water treated with Bakuhan stone for 300 minutes, little action was observed ( an obvious result as 90% of the chlorine had been adsorbed). However, when a few drops of the test solution were dropped onto the Bakuhan Stone which had adsorbed 90% of the chlorine and had been removed from the watcr, the Bakuhan Stone which should have reacted and caused a blue colour, showed little sign of reaction.This means that the residual chlorine was no longer present in the Bakuhan Stone, and can he considered as proof that Bakuhan Stone not only possess an adsorption reaction hut also a degadative action.

It has been said that judging front the diffraction peaks when the components of Bakuhan Stone were analyzed using an X-ray powder diffraction method, Ilakuhan Stone was found to consist of more than 25,000 varieties of substances. The test showed randotuly placed very high peaks with stuahl peaks present in the middle of such large peaks. This is extremely rare and expert analysts are convinced that the reasons for the power of Bakuhan must lie in the peaks.

Rakulian stone possesses a catalytic action and accelerates chemical reaction, and the catalytic power is enhanced because it has a multi-substance composition. The enhanced catalytic power means that there is a heightened ability for the substance to he changed into reactive zones. The Baktdan Stone contains iron, titanium, copper, manganese, zinc and vanadium demonstrates an oxidative and decomposing action on organic compounds.

Stretch Vibrations Wami water vibrates thr longer time. A Dutch researcher has investigated the behavior of vibrating water molecules. He studied the 01-I (-) stretch vibrations in water. He found that the lifetime of the OH (-) stretch vibration, a vibration of a hydrogen with respect to the oxygen atom, was extremely short in water, just 2.06 picoseconds (0.26 millionth, millionth of a second). The energy is then transferred from the OH (-) stretch vibration to a bond vibration in water. At higher temperatures the lifetime of the vibration increases. This is completely contrary to the expected behavior, in water, however, higher temperatures weaken the hydrogen bonds and as a result of this the lifetime of the vibration increases. At a certain period of time, the hydrogen atom will stop vibrating with respect to the oxygen atom and the vibrational energy will then be transferred to other movements.

If the molecule has a hydrogen bond, the frequency of the (Mi (-) stretch vibration decreases and the lifetime of the vibration changes. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and the oxygen atom in another molecule. These hands bind the individual molecules together.

Vim Ocr Waals Interactions (a universai glue): all molecules interact with one another through Van Dci Waals Interactions. These are weak electrical interactions that arise 1mm the movement of negatively-charged elections around positively-charged nuclei, These movements lead to a weak and "flickering" electrical field, a temporary dipole, around each molecule.

When vibration is applied to piezoclectric ceramics an electric current is produced. Infrared radiation means below red and these invisible rays have frequencies lowerthan visible red light. Infrared radiation is the scientific name fhr heat rays. Heat rays elevate the temperature of matter and excite matter into movement. Intense infrared radiation can cause tnatter to ignite, combust, melt or vaporize.

At 10 microns water begins to vibrate. This vibration reduces the bonds of the atoms which are holding together the nioleenle of water. As the breakdown of the water irtoleeule occurs, encapsulated gasses and other toxic materials are released.

Among the simplest possible nuelcophilie reagents is the hydride ion. However, because of the low soluhility of alkali metal hydrides in organic solvents and their strong basicity. these reactants cannot be used as sources of nueleophilic hydride ions. On the other hand, complex reagents in which hydride is bonded to boron or aluminum arc soluble in organic solvents, can provide the equivalent of the hydride ion as a nucleophilic. However the addition of a hydride ion to a carbonyl group affects net reduction.

University studies confirm silica-hydride is a powerful ann-oxidant. Hydrogen is the smallest known element. What many have forgotten is that it also contains a negative ion or an electron. This electron is very tightly hound and takes a tremendous amount of energy to release it. It is well known in chemistry that you can create a hydride ion by adding a loosely-hound negatively-charged ion to a hydrogen atom.

C02: Its shape is linear; ii has low polarity. It dissolves in water due to chemical reaction with water to give carbonic acid. This is a very weak aeid'base.

Due to the presence of alumina, zeolites exhibit a negatively-charged framework, which is counter-balanced by positive cations resulting in a strong electrostatic field on the internal surfitee.

Zeta potential The presence of cta potential in structured water can be observed by noting that any water containing suspended minerals, if lefi standing for a period of time, does not precipitate material to the bottom of the vessel. Smaller eulloids or silicates result in a stronger zeta potential.

Water at 20 C has a surface tension of 72.8 Dynes. Surface tension means. "when you stretch something, how hard does it try to pull back?' Acetone is soluble in oil because it has both polar and non-polar parts. [Is non-polar parts would be dissolving in the oil since oil is non-polar. The surface tension of acetone at 20 C is 25.2 Dynes.

Colloids are small pailieles, which tend to he surrounded by an electric double layer" of absorbed molecules or ions. The zeta potential refers to the electrical properties of this layer which, by causing like-charged particles to repel each othei; keeps them from settling out therefore the gi-eater the zeta potential, the more likely the suspension will he stable and the charged particles repel one another and thus overcome the natural potential to aggregate.

Blended Fuels In the last 40 years there has arisen the technology for the application of emulsified titels, due to tlte higlter cost of crude oil. This is divided into two types: W/0 and 07W. Water-in-oil emulsion has dispersed many line water particles into the base cu/ltd. Oil-in-water has inversely, dispersed many fine oil/fuel particles into the water phase.

In good quality emulsified thels. the embedded waler droplets are 5-20 microns in size. The flame temperature causes the water embedded in the emulsion fuel to burst into steam, increasing its volume 1700 times. This rapid expansion shatters the host petroleitrn or oil droplets into 10-15 micron sized oil droplets, thus having 1,000 times greater surface area. The unique combustion characteristics of emulsified fuels are known as "secondary atomization". In an, as yet little understand process, the combination of low pressure and a high temperature flame partially dissociates the embedded waler, releasing a small quantity of highly-combustible hydrogen. This invention is characterized in application in thai the water generated contains higher energetic oxy-hydrogen gases that father enhance any emulsion fuel.

By way of example, Class 6 heavy oil or frn-nace oil is a heavy, viscous hydrocarbon oil which is difficult to handle or atomize. Utilizing high air pressure, the furnace oil burners can only atomize the fuel into droplets of 50-200 microns in size. The burning only rakes place in the exposed surface of the droplet.

Larger droplets therefore do not burn, leaving large carbon deposits. 3-5 microns is effectively a pre-atomized fuel and this would be the optimum micron size during combustion.

A recent scientific report confirms 33 % thermal efficiency operating with fast response fuel blending of petrol or diesel. The most fuel-efficient diesel generator in the world is the Wartsila RTA96C which converts 50% of its fuel into power.

An example of further fuel blending to improve efficiency is that a simple cocktail of gasoline and diesel runs 20% moi'e efficient than either alone at fill operating loads. The blend was 85% petml and 15% diesel.

These are. the auto-ignition temperatures for commonly used fuels: diesel 210 C, gasoline 246-280 C, vegetable oil 315 C, ethanol 363 C, hydrogen 536 C. According to a recent study, efficiency improvements to an internal combustion engine can reach 30% by 2020 and up to 50% by 2030 (HA Foundation: 50 by 50: Global Energy Initiative).

Oil prices surged to SI 50 per barrel in 2008. Only to collapse to $30 per barrel by the years end. The 2008 rise Was because light sweet crude was not available in the quantities required to meet the demand for low-sulfUr diesel. It was a case of crude everywhere but not a drop worth processing. No one noted the Ihet that high-sulfur crude oil makes up perhaps three-quarters of world supply.

Nobody noticed thai the world refining industries lacked the capacity to remove the required sulthr amounts from sour crude. It could take 10 years and 510Gb to fix the refining industry Saudi Arabia is a large sourcc thr sulfur crude and Nigeria is a large source of supply for sweet crude oil. This invention is charaeleri2ed in its application in that the waler generated can blend with higher sullitr tilel contents and coinbust move efficiently wiih lower emissions.

Another example of fuel blending is that Rapeseed oil viscosity is 3 times higher than diesel and this negatively effects the quality of' the spray pattern during any combustion process. Low volatility of rapeseed oil aggravated both by a high flash-point (220-28(1 C) and auto-ignition temperatures reaching up to 320 C may effect fuel evaporation.

Ethanol has 19 times lower molecular weight tItan rapeseed oil and its viscosity at 40 C is 27 times lower than rapeseed oil, which along with a low pour point (-40 C) reduces the viscosity, improves its cold-flow properties and injection. fuel-spray penetration and atomization. Ethanol's eetane rating: 8, rapeseed oil cetane rating: 44-48, ethanol high auto-ignition temperature is reaching up to 420 C. The high viscosity of rapeseed oil could atso be diminished by blending it with mineral petrol. The miscibility of petrol with rapesecri oil (petrol & rapeseed oil blend -PRO) is excellent as being 4.3% lighter than ethanol. In addition, blends of petrol and rapeseed oil are stable arid rio phase stratification takes place during storage. This allows us to regard them as one fUel.

For fUel blending, low octane petrol (grade A-76/80) with the eetane number 20-25 and auto-ignition temperature of slightly lower (300 deg. C) than that of rapeseed oil. Petrol extends evaporation temperature range from 35 to 195-210 C. Rapeseed oil's higher start vaporization (299 C) and diesel fuel (177.8 C) and nearly the same vaporization end (245-346 C).

Petrol diminishes viscosity of rapeseed oil by 14,1°/a 24.8% and 31.7% at 2.5 vol.%, 5 vol.% and 7.5 vol.% respectively. Heating rapeseed oil from ambient temperature of 20 C up to 60 C diniiaished rapeseed oil viscosity of petrol-rapeseed oil (PRO) blends by three times e.g. initial viscosity of 84 imn2/s of rapeseed oil with petrol at 7.5% and 60 C temperature was reduced to 15.6 nim2!s.

Hydrogen requires ignition temperatures of 585 C' to initiate combustion in ambient pressure air.

Combustion resulting in a turbulent flame is the most used for industrial applications because turbulence helps the mixing process between the fuel and the oxidiin.

Diesel engines are not limited by knock because burning involves a ditThsion flame instead of flame propagation. When hydrogen is added to a fuel mixture, the high flame speed helps to maintain flame stability, even when excess air is present.

Hydroren diffusion properties increase the flame speed in a mixture, decreasing burning duration and variability. High spontaneous ignition temperature of hydrogen alludes to the idea that hydrogen is knock-resistant iftel. Hydmgen allows ultra-lean mixtures to hum without misfire or high variability. Hydrogen has a high flame speed compared to other brels. Hydrogen-enhanced lean combustion operation has shown a 99% reduction in NOX and a 12% increase in overall mel conversion efficiency.

Coal-Water-Fuel The inherent limitations associated with coal-water fuel cause decreased combustion performance in industrial hoilers. The temperature and heat liberated from coal-water-fuels ate lower than those of oil flames. This is due primarily to the difficulties of the high water concentrations, which mast he. vaporized (this process would be altered by using our stmctured waler fuel emulsion).

Successful ignition and flame stabilization usually require high primary air preheat temperature and/or a pilot Panic. Ignition delays and burn-out times of coal-water-fuel droplets arc larger than those of oil droplets. The residence lime of coal-wa.er-fael droplets in oil tired burners is usually not sufficient tbr complete carbon hum-out. Thus the coal-water-fuel firing rate must be reduced, resulting in a dc-rating of the boiler.

One solution lbr coat-water-fuel is oxygen-enrichment in the combustion air. Moderate amounts of oxygen-enrichment are usually between 1-4 volume per cent. This is already used in industry to either boost production levels or improve combustion efficiency in pulverized coal and oil boilers.

Oxygen-enrichment increased the partial pressure of oxygen leading to the acceleration of the combustion rate. Correspondingly, there is a decrease in the total amount of nitrogen in the combustion air, which reduces the volume of the air and flue gasses. This in turn, causes an increased residence lime of the coal-waler-fuel droplets because of lower gas velocities. Both increased combustion rate and longer residence time will help otTset some of the dc-rating associated with converting to coal-water-fuels.

it can be noted that oxygen, at greater than 95% purity and recycled flue gasses are used for fbel combustion, producing a gas that is mainly (202 and water. Recycled flue gas is also used to control the flame temperature and replace the voluroc of the missing nitrogen needed to carry heat through he boiler.

Because of high concentrations of [02 in water, the furnace gas has a higher miseivity. Flue gas, after recycling, is 80% smaller than conventional combustion and its density is increased.

This means that coal-watcr-ftiel power-generation in the UK could he dramatically improved by use of the structured Oflwater-gas generated by this technology. This would fttrther produce an extremely clean and efficient burn reducing the amount of oxygen enrichment required. This could provide a viable solution for a radically-new and environmentally-friendly "green" coal water fUel emulsion. Certainly an improvement on the present coal-in-water fuel emulsion.

Oxygen enrichment has been used to great success with coal-water-fUel emulsions at various concentrations such as 23% oxygen (2% oxygen enrichment). A 2% increase in 02 content of the primary combustion air provided an 8.7% decrease in the volume of combustion air required and 7.8% decrease in the volume of flue gasses produced along with higher fUrnace temperatures hr the 02 enrichment. With 5% oxygen enrichment the fly ash was reduced by 5%.

The. 02 enriched flames also appear visually brighter and closer to the burner (i.e. a shorter ignition delay).

One of the main issues with pulverized coal combustion is that it needs a longer ignition time with unstable combustion at low load. The boiler consumes larger amounts of fuel oil or gas during stable operation with low load.

Regardless of new fired technologies which have made pulverized coal furnace burning steady oil wastage is still vast; pilot flame support can account for as much as 25% of the total heat input. The lower cost solution is still only oxygen-enrichment combustion. However, this new saturated gas water is set to alter all the parameters for thel efficiency and higher flame temperatures in any future coal-water-firel pmcess in Industrial boilers.

By way of example. the ignition of C02 in the air is 822 degrees Kelvin hut in pure oxygen ii is only 660 degrees Kelvin (270 degrees Kelvin equals zero degrees Celsius). Therefore, the combustion with oxygen-enrichment can not only reduce the ignition temperature but will also be conducive to the complete combustion reaction and will thereby eliminate the dust from the fundamentals.

Experiments proved that the theoretical combustion lemperature 1', which is got by hunting liunite with 26.7% of the oxygen-enriched air or burning anthracite with 21.8% of the oxygen-enriched air which is as much as T which is got by hurnin2 heavy oil with ordinary air. It indicated burning coal with oxygen-enrichment can replace burning coal with oil and is of great significance for the UK as it has vast untapped coal reserves.

Lignite: lowest range of coal and referred to as "brown coal"; basically young coal, although it has still been formed over millions of years and used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam electrical power. High ash content and a very high moisture content (up to about 45%). Around 80% of all lignite goes into the production of electricity and the rest is channelled toward the production of ga and a small amount used as an ingredient for fertilizer. Tiny amounts are used in homes for fuel burning. Lignite is 5300 Keal-kg. Its cost is on average a third of anthracite.

Anthracite coal is a hard compact mineral coal. It has the highest carbon count of any coal and contains fewer impurities despite its low calocific content.

fly way of example, comparison of the burning speed of fuel in airand pure oxygen is outlined below: Hydrogen is 280 em per second in air compared with the pure oxygen in the combustion rate of 1,175 cm per second which is 3.2 times larger than the volume of air and 10.7 times that of natural gas. Applying oxygen aid-eonthuszion means that we make a short flame, increase burning speed and strength and get better heat conduction. As the temperature is increased it will benefit the combustion reaction thus fundamentally eliminating the soot pollution completely. It should also he noted that the ignition point of C02 is 609 degrees e in air hut only 388 degrees e in pure oxygen. Oxygen-enriched aided-combustion can reduce the ignition point of fuels, improve the intensity of the flame and increase the heat released.

This patented structural OUwater-gas-titel emulsion is also able to emulsif' coal dust mixed in with oil emulsions for higher flame temperatures compared to using ordinary water for the fuel emulsion. This is another unique claim thr this OHwater-gas.

in common air for combustion-supporting. when the temperature of the thrnace is 1,300 degrees C, the use of available heat is 42%. But with 26% of oxygen-enriched combustion heat, the available heat is increased from 42% to 56%. Tltis is another example of how altering the oxygen content changes the combustion efficiencies. 9.,

There is a smaller difference between near-burner and hack-end temperatures as oxygen is added to the combustion process. This is clearly beneficial to the combustion process. It should be noted that in a titmace test, when the temperature was adjusted to 1,300 degrees Celsius the proportion of energy saved represented a 34% energy saving by using oxygen enrichment with a coal-in-water Fuel emulsion.

Structured water (OHwater-gas).

Structured OT-Iwater-gas is our term used to describe the water generated in this patent process.

The viscosity of waler has a close relationship with the inter-molecular potential energy including hydrogen-bond energc Therefore, the increase in hydrogen-bonded water molecules could be inierpreted as the increase in viscosity of water. On the oiher hand, the viscosity of water determines the diffusion rate of substrate and also regulates the enzyme action rate. Hence, when the intra-cellular waler of agriettitural products becomes structured, metabolic activities are thought to he suppressed.

in order to estimate the increase in viscosity in structured water, Nucleai-Mauneuc Resonance measumments can be employed. Increase in viscosity can be estimated through decrease in spin-lattice relaxation time. Among non-polar gasses that can form stractured watet; inert gasses are most suitable since they can be expected not to cause biochemical changes in cells because of the low chemical reactivity.

(Inc particular inert gas showed the greatest soluhiliry br the tonnation of structured water compared to the other inert gasses. During this test, the dissolved oxygen would need to be removed by flushing triple-distilled water several tinte with nitrogen gas.

Castor oil Castor oil is composed of ricinoleic acid 90%, oleic acid 3-4%. linoleic acid 3-4% and unsaponiflables 0.5- 1%. It is also known as ricinus oil. It is a triglycyride. Its glycerol is linked to ricinolcic acid (90%), oleic acid and linoleic acid. Rieinoleie acid is an 18 carbon monounsaturated fatly acid. A variety of castor oil grades are commercially available with different acid values, moisture levels, colour and purity.

Energetically, rieinoleic acid is highly unusual because of its hydroxyl function moup on the 12 carbon.

This fUnctional group confers a high degree of polarity to the oil that, in turn, energizes its chemical derivatizalion. The hydroxyl group also renders ricinoleic acid much more valuable as chemical feed-stocks than other oils. It is the only source of an 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acid with double bond rieinoleie acid (12 hydroxyl oleic acid). Soluble in alcohols; limited solubility in aliphatic petroleum solvents.

Global output of castor oil is around 500,000-550,000 tonnes per annum with India contributing more than 50%. Gujarat is the leading producer of castor oil with 85% of the output tbllowed by Andhra Pradesh.

Pns tend to show inter-seasonal variation. The thll.owing are prices of castor oil from 1996 to 2007: Pris are in Indian Rupees per Torine: 1996 23,581 K 1997 25,790 R 1998 35.204K 1999 35,145 It 2000 34,699 K 2001 25,998R 2002 30,229 R 2003 39,492 K 2004 39,408 K 2003 35,305K 2006 35,398K 2007 44,123 R The castor seed price between 2005 and 2008 rose from 1,400 R to 2,700 K. The seed can also he used as a Source for fuel.

Castor oil is also available indigenously in Pakistan where it has been converted successfully to bio-diesel and blended to 10% quantity (by volume) with high speed mineral diesel (HSD) fUel. This the! was tested in a compression-ignition engine in order to assess its enviromnental emissions as well as engine performance parameters. The blended fUel was found to give lower environmental emissions in most accounts except for higher C02 and higher NOX, In addition, three engine performance parameters Were assessed, which were engine brake power, engine torque and exhaust temperature.

in the fast two cases, blended bio-dicscl fuel gave lower figures than pure mineral diesel due to lower calorific value. However, its higher flash point resulted in higher engine exhaust temperatures than pure mineral diesel. Overall, in terms of engine 1rfbrmance, castor wlbio-diesel (flow non-edible oil of castor bean -growing on marginal lands of Pakistan) fared better in comparison to canola oil hio-diesel (from expensive edible oil) and can he recommended for thither tests at higher blend ratios.

Pakistan, being an energy deficient country tends to import toixign petroleum fuel in order to sustain. This has lead to loss of revenue in addition to the non-harnessing of indigenous resources to meet the energy demands of an ever growing population.

Petroleum the' is well known to he pitsent in limited supplies throughout the workl and have thus been classified as non-renewable sources ot energy These fuels also tend to produce harmful emission products of combustion that cause major damage to the ecological environment. Such alarming impacts are easily visible within rIte urban environments of Karachi.

As a result, a new alternative is being sought in order to try and circumvent the damage caused by harmful pollutants into the environment. In this respect, bio-diesel has emerged as an ideal candidate for adually replacing mineral diesel fuel in the near fUture. [ho-diesel has shown tremendous environmental benefits as an alternative fuel and has thus been considered to he implemented slowly and steadily in this country.

The government of Pakistan has passed a recent law that by the year 2015, at least 5-10% of Mo-diesel must be blended with mineral diesel fUel for use in the diesel am automobile industry. Various organizations in Pakistan have begun work in this regard but the hieralure lacks relevant results from their endeavors.

The exhausi gas temrature measurements showed that for mineral diesel fuel the temperature is less as compared to hio-diesel blended fuel inixtu-es. This is basically due to a lower burning tempemture developed in the combustion chamber when using mineral diesel as fuel, The burning of blended castor bio-diesel was found to have the highest exhaust temperature as compared to blended canola bio-dies&, due to its higher heating value and higher flash point.

Reference: NED UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF RESEARCI-I, VOL VI, NO. 1,2009 17 Bio-diescl, having a higher oxygen content (as well as higher flash point) tends to burn at higher tcmpcratutes than nuneral diesel fuel. In addition, the amount of injected fliel increases with the engine speed in order to maintain torque and power output [213. Hence, the heat release rate and the exhaust temperatures front hunting [rio-diesel risc with the increase in engine speed. One possible drawback of this is higher NOX emissions, which may possibly he reduced by employing exhaust gas rccirculation (EUR) technology.

Following conclusions may he drawn from the study reported in this paper: 1. Pin-diesel gives far less emissions than mineral diesel, except for carbon dioxide and NOX. Higher C02 is released due to higher oxygen and carbon contents of bio-dicscl, thus signifying complete combustion of the thel in compression-ignition engines. Higher NOX releases are due to higher temperatures of combustion than mineral diesel the!, but this could be reduced by employing catalytic converters or EGR.

2. The brake power and engine torque obtained with blended bio-diesel thel is less than that for mineral diesel fuel. This is mainly because of a lower calorifle value of bio-diesel in comparison to diesel.

3. Castor oil 810 gave higher brake power and engine torque in comparison to canola oil Bit) (blended at 0% by volumeL 4. Engine exhaust temperatures of blended hio-diesel fuel mixtures are higher than that of pure mineral diesel, mainly due to the oxygenated nature ofbio-dicscl, 5. Castor oil 1310 gave higher exhaust temperatures than canola oil 1310. Overall, castor oil Ho-diesel was band to give a better engine performance titan canola oil hio-dicscl. This result is very positive because castor oil is not only non-edible hut the castor bean plant can easily grow on marginal lands, thus making it a very valuable raw material [hr bio-diesel production in Pakistan. However, before the castor oil can be.

recommended furthet; more work is necessa)' in trying to reduce its viscosity so that its hio-diesel could meet the ASTM 1) 6751 standard limit [173. If this could he achieved, higher blend ratios could he investigated in further work.

These figures indicate that a viable fuel emulsion with the special waler front this generator could he produced front castor oil and sulfonated castor oil as an alternative renewable fuel [hr anywhere in the world. Its also clear that setting up an operation in India to process the seeds is advantageous in that it will allow for the creation of both an emulsion fuel and biomass fuel.

Sulfonated Castor Oil can be prepared by using sulfur trioxide which gives a higher degree of sulphonation ihan the conventional route via sulfuric acid. Hydroxyl group content of unsaturated oils, acids and esters eon be increased by partially sulphonating the unsaturated bonds followed by the hydrolysis to remove the. sulphate group for replacement by the hydroxyl group.

Castor oil can be transformed from an oil to a water soluble surthetant. dending on the moles of ethylene oxide added to its hydroxyl roup. A40 ethylene oxide adduct of castor oil, known as PEU-40 castor oil, is a surthetant that has co-solvent properties. Pesticide emulsions can he stabilized using ethoxylatcd castor oil PE(i-40 hydrogenated castor oil. When the system is used as an emulsion fuel it has very high stahihty and sulfonated castor oil is used as a linking oil at a very small percentage.

Ii should be noted that sulfonaied castor oil is the only oil thai is fully miscible in water due to its polar bonding arrangement. Castor oil also has a negative Zeta potential.

Turkey Red oil and Tall oil: A furthc.r claim is made that the. water generated horn this device will mix with Turkey Red oil and Tall oil to generate a very stable fuel emulsion. Both Turkey Red oil, which is another name for sulfonated castor oil and Tad oil, generated from the paper mill industiy, are both anionic.

The combination of these fuels using the water outlined in this device generates a uniquely stable fuel due to the anionic nature. Additional electrolytc means that this litel can he stable for over six months.

Additional quantities of castor oil may also be emulsified with Tall oil. Castor oil is the only oil that has both polar and non-polar bonds hence it is fUlly miscible in water in the form of Turkey Red oil.

Turkey Red oil auto-ignites at 445 C. The appearance of the oil is that of a brownish yellow oil. It is anionic and miscible in water. The specific gravity is 0.98.

Cremophor EL is the registered trademark of BASE corporation. Its version of polyethyloxilated castor oil is prepared by mixing 35 moles of ethylene oxide with each mole of castor oil, Cremophor EL is a synthetic, non-ionic surfaelant. Its utility comes from its ability to stabilize emulsions of non-polar materials in aqueous solutions.

Synthelie Delergents There are numerous hio-surfaclants on the market that would enable Ibis fuel to remain fully emulsified with a high water content for between six months and a year (however very specific emulsions are required for this because the water is ionic), It should be noted that this emulsion at 30% water content and above can be stabilized for one year by adding in specific electrolytes to the water prior to emulsification. The water can also he emulsified on demand at any boiler plant or power generation site. This would requite the use of an expensive in.line emulsifying system.

The uniqueness of this OHwater-gas fuel means that it can he simply splash-mixed prior to on-demand usage at any given percentage the client requires. This gas entulsion generates very high temperatures due to the gasses embedded in the water-thel mixture compared to any other emulsion fttel.

Components of a synthetic detergent can he classified into two categories: * tile surfactant (abbreviation tbr surfitee-active-agenti * the builder The sLu'face-acftvc-agent is the principal component of a synthetic detergent. Builders such as the phosphates, metasiliates and carbonates aid in emulsifying soils and suspending dirt in aqueous solutions.

The surface-active-agents are compounds that have two groups present in the molecule: one being hydrophobic in nature and one being hydrophilie. This is simply defined as water-hating or oil-liking compared to water-liking. A surfactant has the ability to atfeet the interfacial relationship between two dissimilar substances such as oil and water.

Surface active agents are classified into three goups: the anionies, calionics and non-ionics. Surfaetants from natural origin (vegetable or animal) ate known as oleo-eheniieals. Surfaetants from synthetic origin are lutown as pctro-chemical and are derived from petroleum.

Anionic surfactants: in solution, the head is negatively charged. They react with positively-charged water hardness ions (Ca and Mg) which can lead to partial deactivation. The more calcium and magnesium in the watet; the inure, the anionic surfactant suffers from deactivation. Th prevent this the anionic surfactants need help from other ingredients such as builders (Ca and Mg sequestrants). The most commonly used anionic surfactants are alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethyloxilates and soaps.

Cationie surfaetants: in solution the head is positivcly charged. There arc threc different categories of cationics, each with their respective applications. In laundry detet-gcnts, cationic surfactants (positivc charge) improve the packing of anionic surfactant molecules (negativc charge) at the stain-water interface.

This helps to reduce the dirt-water interfacial tension leading to a more robust drrt removal system.

Non-ionic surfactants: these surfaetants do not have an electrical charge, which makes them resistant to waler hardness deactivation. Many laundry detergents contain both non-ionic and anionic surfaclants as they compliment each others' cleaning action, Non-ionic surfactants contribute to making the surfactami system less hardness sensitive. Non-ionic surthetants are ethers of fatty alcohols.

Amphoteric-zwitterionic surfactants: very mild. They can be anionic, cationic or non-ionic in solution depending on pH or acidity. They are compatible with all other surfactants, soluble and effective in the presence of high concentrations of electrolytes (acids and alkalis).

Electrolyzers Electrolysis of water was discovered in year 1800 by Nicholson and Carlisle. ft was further investigated by Michael Faraday. Re presented his results in a very technical and scientific format which are not understood by most ordinary people.

in simple terms, he tell us that the antounr of hydroxy gas produced is proportional to the current flowing through the water so as to increase the rate of gas production, you need to increase the current flow. Also.

he found that the optimum voltage between the two electrode" plates is 1.24 v.

The electrolyzer cell itself is frwn 14 to 150 stainless steel plates in series or parallel. Each cell is isolated from the others in that they are not connected by the water and elecirolvIe (KOH 28% or NaOH 20%).

Very efficient electrolyzers are designed with square wave pulse width modifiers. Water and electricity is supplied to the electrolyzer at which the water is dissolved to hydrogen and oxygen through clectrolysis.

A Pulse Width Modulator (hereafter referred to as a PWM) can he attached to an electrolyrer in order to gcnerate a higher energetic gas fr improved combustion efficiencies.

ii is simply an electronic switch that turns on and offal a very fast rate of speed varying the percentage of time on vs. off. To the load it appears smooth because it's so fist, just like our vision can barely detect the flicker of a fluorescent bulb even though it goes completely off and back on again 120 times a second. The duty cycle of a PWM is the percentage of on-time vs. off-time. A Pulsed Width Modifier" DC Circuit creates a pulsed DC squnre wave signal to produce ortho' hydrogen.

A PWM does not always make more hydrogen/oxygen than direct DC does, it just makes a different kind of "ortho" hydrogen, span in a different spin state. This different spin state of the molecules, makes the hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrocarbon chain of molecules to cluster and magnetically stick to each other, rather than repel. 2.4x's to 4x's more powerful than regular: "Pam' hydrogen (tank hydrogen) is non-magnetically attracted and wants to repel and escape from other molecules it conies in touch with. Also found. that it' you make "ortho' hydrogen, your also making" ortho" oxygen, in which takes out the Nox CifiNstofli Ortho hydrogen molecules will multi-cluster logether with oxygen and can gain 2.4x to 4x's more power than reular 1-1110 gas. when running about 1.8-3 volts between the plaies or tubes.

Claims (2)

1. <claim-text>I. This invention is characteriscd in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas generated using a combination of micro bubble technology, vortex technologies and various crystals, zeolites, electrolytes and tuned geometries is suitable for generating a stable fuel emulsion for any type of burner, engine or generator or steam engine using standard fuels such as diesel, petrol, renewable fuel, including coconut oil, castor oils, olive oil, pcanut oil, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that a low cost Micro Bubble Technology (MBT see figure 1) has been designed for generating a stable water-gas interface and a very low micron waterfall effect for water electrification. This MBT is effectively a pipc with angled slits at a 30 to 60 dcgrcc angle, preferably 60 dcgrcc angle, against the water flow direction for micro bubbled watcr. Thc micro bubble unit further incorporates its own double vortex pipe section, a crystal glass vortex unit a multiple gas injection section, angled slit array for creating the microbubbles and, a screw on pipe section immediately after the angled slits incorporated into the design. The screw on modular çs,j attachment to the MBT is filled with crystals, stones or aluminium and gallium. The MBT can be altered to incorporate its own electrolysis cell r within the modular attachment however this is not described in figure 1.The slit array generates the lowest micron waterfall effect at 60 degrees o and any number of slits can be incorporated depending on the application.The overall device generates water that is super-saturated with active LI) hydrogen, oxygen, ozone, oxyhydrogen or any other gases into the water.</claim-text> <claim-text>C The crystals, etc can be optionally heated in this screw on section for greater effects and depending on the modus opcrandi, the type of crystals, etc can be changed depending on its application. This also creates water with excellent stable negative zcta potential, negative ions, ORP etc. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 3. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment such that when the OHwater-gas is used as a fuel emulsion, it does not require complex mixing of any chemical synthetic surfactants, nor complex expensive fuel emulsification technologies as it can simply be splash mixed, however this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment such that when the Ol-Iwater-gas is used for generating any fuel emulsion, it can mix in a natural stabiliscr and Xanthan Gum (a polysaceharide) is the preferred stabiliser. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.</claim-text> <claim-text>5. This invention is characteriscd in its application and embodiment such that the OHwater-gas generated can be optimized as a healthy mineral water drink. The technology is modular in design and can be inexpensively altered for a multiple of other applications, including any industry that would benefit from enriched ozone or oxygenated mineral watet However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas goes a long way to resolving water-fuel mixing problems in the prior art of fuel emulsions by not requiring expensive machinery or the use of chemically synthetic expensive surfactants which can effect the combustion efficiencies of the fuels. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 7. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas process can operate with pure or waste glycerin as the fuel emulsion and represents a unique solution to waste glycerin problems and further to this, it will combust at a higher calorific value with the Oflwater gas Technology compared to 100% pure glycerin. The OHwatcr-gas has a dramatic reduction in all pollutants when added to any fuel to convert it to a water fuel emulsion. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 8. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwatcr-gas generates a higher calorific fuel emulsion compared to 100% fuel. With 40% OHwater-gas addition to kerosene the flame temperature was raised over 350 deg C above the test flame temperature when burning 100% kerosene in a burner. As a comparison our Ol-Iwater-r gas also generated over a 350 deg C higher flame temperature compared to the Sosei-sui fuel emulsion Kerosene Burner Test in this YouTube video N-which shows a flame temperature of 1,183 degree C: 509/0 Fuel Oil O (kerosene) 50% Sosei Water Emulsion English Subtitle as seen at this link below. This Sosei-Sui water fuel emulsion is mentioned in our patent I.!) description and it is considered as one of the most advanced fuel emulsions 0 in the world. http://www.youtube.com/watch7vsmM9U_T2G3s 9. The invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the electrolyte Sodium hydroxide generates a 10 to Il.5p1-1 water. Sodium borohydride is added to the Ol-Iwater-gas at the appropriate stage (city water, distilled water or preferably reverse osmosis water) to generate up to a minus -l000mV water. This I 1.5pH water is first filtered through a zeolite bed which increases the negative zeta potential and ORP. 11.SpH is the preferred pH during the natural zeolite filtration method described above for fuel emulsion applications as the first stage in a step-by-step process to generate higher combustion flame temperatures in the water fuel mixtures in comparison to using 100% fuel. This OHwater-gas cannot be ever compared to ordinary water added to standard fuel emulsions which are incapable of generating higher flame temperatures with 40% to 50% water. However this is not intended to limit the invention in any way.10. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas containing the dissolved NaOH electrolyte is circulated in a cycloid spiralling and incorporating special forms of tuned geometry and light frequencies for water resonance within an appropriate vortex funnel shaped vessel or in-line spiral pipe for double vortex effect.Ceramic pellet are also used to condition the structured water. This new OHwater-gas process increases the biophotonic energies within the water.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.11. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the synergistic stcp-by-stcp processes to generatc thc OHwatcr-gas effect a dramatic reduction in the Ol-Iwater-gas Dynes number for fuel emulsion applications. However this is not intended to limit the invention in any way.12. The invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the zeolitcs generate a very stable negative zeta-potential in the NaOH water of close to -65mV for the highest possible stability and gas absorption and to prevent flocculation. Natural zeolites are preferred, although man-made zeolites may be used if deemed appropriate to each individual design specification. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.13. The invention is charactcrised in its application and embodiment in that noble gas [ID lights, specifically Xenon and/or Xenon gas is used to convert water to structured water. The Xenon gas can be mixed in the water and scientific research has verified through nuclear magnetic resonance measurements that it will create structured water. In our process, the Xenon gas can be applied to the Ol-Iwater gas through resonance frequencies to create vibrational signatures within the water.The water may be charged with Xenon contained in an enclosed vessel r rather than being bubbled into the water. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.14') 14. The invention is charaeterised in its application and embodiment in o that additional LED coloured light frequencies are directed at the specific combination of crystals for generating the OHwater-gas such as light Emitting Diodes of the following frequencies which are preferable: 656.3nm, 410.l7nm, 486.lnm, 1450nm, 706nm and 632nm. This energises and resonates the water molecules to a greater effect in C02 water. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.15. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that this newly structured OHwater-gas generated in this modular micro bubble technology can now be recirculated as many times as required.Specific test meters can evaluate the water at each stage as a feedback loop before going to the next stage of the OHwater-gas process. A Gas Discharge Visualisation Analyser can test the biophotonic emissions within the newly structured water to confirm the increased energetic signature of the OHwater-gas. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.16. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas can be mixed with glycerin for a fuel emulsion which then recirculates throughout the whole invention to convert waste glycerin to a super-charged fuel emulsion. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.17. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that zeolites are not primary used for eliminating hard water cations in order to convert hard water to soft water, rather its function is to dissociate the hydroxyl ions in a high 11.5 pH electrolytic water to produce an electrically conductive medium with a zeta potential of up to maximum of minus -ô5mV for excellent stability of colloids in the structured water for fuel emulsion applications and a low cost form of ascorbic acid can be used to reduce the p1-I if required. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.18. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas structured water can be pressurized and pumped through a pipe containing the clear glass or crystal spheres or ellipsoid shape (Fig. 2). 1-lowever this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.19. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the pipe containing the glass or crystal spheres can be transparent or made from any appropriate material that allows the water to be impacted with specific LED lights. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.20. This invention is characterised in its application in that the glass or crystal shapes generate multiple mini-vortexes or mechanical perturbations or agitations. The aforementioned mini-vortex effect generates small air bubbles that are enveloped into the vortices, further oxygenating and 1 structuring the water as it is subjected to FIR waves (far infrared) and LED lights (light emitting diodes). However his is not meant to limit the application of the invention in any way.21. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in LI) that the zeta-potential generated in the water by the zeolite is dependent C not only on the pH of the electrolyte solution but also on the ionic strength of the suspension. Natural zeolites are preferable and synthetic zeolites can also be incorporated. The Al content of its framework emits a large amount of anions, supplying oxygen. During testing, the positive effects of the OHwatcr-gas is reduced if this procedure is not carried out at the specification of its design. It will then counter act hydroxyl protonation.However this is not meant to limit the application in any way.22. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the zeolite surface will remain negatively charged due to the dissociation of the hydroxyl group which is supported by the high pH of the NaOH in solution. This prepares the water for a high gas saturation.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.23. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the natural zeolite stones or beads are positively affected by the higher to 11.5pH of NaOH for a maximum beneficial negative zeta-potential in the water.24. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the surface charge of the zeolite Y particles, in order for the zeolite to be as negative as possible, is best fulfilled at between 10.5 and 11.5 pH.Due to the presence of alumina, zcolites exhibit a negatively-charged framework, which is counter-balanced by positive cations resulting in a strong electrostatic field on the internal surface of the zeolites. Negative ions further improve stable oxygen and hydrogen absorption in water.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.25. This invention is characterised iii its application and embodiment in that LED's emitting Far infrared rays intensify the effect of the water molecules resonating as the water traverses the glass/crystal beads and zeolite for further hydrogen and oxygen dissociation. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 26. This invention is eharacterised iii its application and embodiment in that the glass/crystal spheres or ellipsoid shapes, zeolite and LED's are positioned as described in Figure 2 for maximum effects on the water molecules. However this is not meant to limit the application in any way.27. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that any additional external FIR (Far Infrared) generating material can be used within or external to the modular pipe, cartridges, etc. The LED lights positioned around the tube, cartridge or pipe containing the glass/crystal beads and zcolitc or other stones, crystals or minerals generating FIR energy. However this does not limit the invention in any way.28. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the light emitting diodes generate specific frequencies of a Far 1 Infrared wavelength for the OHwater-gas Technology to have its N maximum effect. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any O way.29. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in LI) that the additional Far Infrared waveLcngths generated by any other means C help further vibrate the water molecules within the transparent tubes or pipes, reflecting the light emitted in every direction and contained within the sealed vessel and protected from other external light sources. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.30. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that a newly designed and fabricated 2-colour Infrared Light Emitting Diode emitting in the Far infrared wavelength region of 3-4 microns and 5-10 microns is preferred for this invention. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 31. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that whilst the zeolite is used to initially alter the NaOI-1 (sodium hydroxide) water, it can also act as a catalyst if mixed with tourmaline in the same vessel for intensifying the negative ions generated within the water. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.32. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the type of zeolite structure defines the number of Silanol and Aluminol groups existing at the crystal surfaces. Increasing the Al atoms shifts the Iso-Electric Point lowering the pH values, which is attributed to the high acidic strength of the Al atoms. This effect can be countered in a number of ways and specifically by using a higher pH water generated by NaOl-I. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.33. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that after the water has been conditioned by the zeolite beads and LEDs FRI rays, is then circulated to a container with crystals, stones, ceramic balls and separate vortex vessel or vessels in order to generate a greater gas absorption within the water. This water then exits to be recycled through various flow-forms and falls in a waterfall vortex effect to a very specific variety of stones, crystals and minerals contained in a separate vessel preferably made up of graphite. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.34. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that a variety of crystals, stones, metals and FIR ceramic spheres are incorporated to generate the OHwater-gas, such as: zeolite, Bakuhan stone, tourmaline, aluminium, gallium, tin, silver, copper, maifanshi, vanadium, muyu jade stone, far infra-red, nano silver powder, obsidian, jade, spodumene stone, quartz crystal, enhydro quartz, blue topaz, etc. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.35. This invention is characterised in its application in that the crystals, stones, ceramic pellets when subjected to heat or agitation or both within the water, stimulates higher concentration of FIR and/or negative ions as well as smaller water micro-clusters. This generates a stable gas-water.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.N 36. This invention is charactetised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas, is recirculated to the micro-bubble device (Fig.1) for If) further water spray electrification at approximately 50 microns. This water O is further subjected to various tuned geometric forms, vortex technologies and ccrtain crystals, stones and metals. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.37. This invention is characteriscd in its application and embodiment in that the micro-bubble generator creates micro-bubbles of lower than 50 microns in size which help stabilize the gases injected or generated in the water at every stage of the process in this Oflwatcr-gas technology.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way. (the micro-bubble generator is preferably manufactured from marine-grade stainless steel).38. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the micro-bubble generator is a multiply functional low cost, sturdy and unique modular attachment and it can be positioned or set-up in multiply areas in this water technology design and is not limited to any fixed position. The MBT modular attachment set up to act as an intemal eleetrolyser with an electrolysis platinum plat set up within the screw on attachment pipe containing the crystals etc. This can beset up by any other means. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.39. This invention is characterised in its application in that the water is discharged into the micro-bubble generator from precisely angled slits at the base of the generator to have maximum shear effect from the flowing water. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.40. This invention is characterised in its application in that the micro bubbler unit has multiply slits, preferably ten to twenty slits, each of 0.6 mm width set in array which arc angled against the main-flow direction of the water within the micro bubble attachment pipe. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.41. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the modular micro-bubble attachment can be scaled up to any size required. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.42. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that these slits have the characteristic of a velocity gradient to facilitate the rate of change of the flow velocity of the water through the angled slits (between an angle of 20-70 degrees). However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.43. This invention is charactcriscd in its application and embodiment in that when the OHwater-gas is discharged from the micro bubble generator, a shearing force is produced due to the accelerated water flowing through the slits quickly decelerating upon discharge into a separate water vessel.This suddenly changes the flow direction and produces a shearing flow at çs,j the corner of the slits characteristic of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.The increased flow velocity in the slit generated is a result of the small r angled cross-section area.N 44. This invention is charactedsed in its application and embodiment in that the slits in the micro-bubble generator creates a 50 micron water spray.LI) This waterfall effect and shear force absorbs the different gases into the O water to a very high saturation level. This can include, oxygen, ozone, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, active hydrogen etc. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 45. This invention is characterised in its application in that the micro-bubble generating system is low-cost, simple to manufacture, and scalable to any required size for its application. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way. The schematic diagram in Fig. I shows the micro-bubble generator.46. This invention is charactcriscd in its application and embodiment in that the platinum or stainless steel electrolyzers generate ortho-hydrogen and monatomic hydrogen gas of a very high purity in this OHwater-gas for any emulsion thel or water applications. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 47. This invention is charactcriscd in its application is that the electrolyzers generate a higher percentage of ortho-hydrogen and monatomic hydrogen gas as it mixing with the flowing water and incorporates a pulse width modulator to to incorporate the desired Hertz frequency into the OHwater-gas. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.48. This invention is eharacterised in its application and embodiment in that the water, as it traverses the micro-bubbler generator and additional vortex machines, the gases are fully stabilized and easily stored for an extended duration in the OHwater-gas, in order to enhance any specific fuel emulsion application. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.49. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that by incorporating an off-the-shelf square-wave Pulse Width Modulator, a higher percentage of the ortho-hydrogen and monatomie hydrogen created in the electrolyzers enhances the OHwater-gas applications.However, this is not mcant to!iniit the invention in any way.50. This invention is eharacterised in its application and embodiment in that the gases generated from the electrolyzers can be mixed into the OHwater-gas at any point prior to the micro-bubble generator. However this does limit the invention in any way.51. This invention is characterised in its application in that the OHwater-gas generated can be converted to an electrolysed OI-Iwatcr-gas by redirected the OHwater-gas to travel through the eleetrolyzer cell and return to the water flow pipe prior to being directed to the micro-bubble generator entry pipe. This means in this application that all the water is slightly electrolysed by the eleetrolyser cell rather than the electrolysis unit C\J being isolated to only generate oxy-hydrogen gas. However this does limit r the invention in any way 52. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in o that depending on the electrolyte pH of the NaOH, the plates or tubes should be preferably spaced 1 mm apart in the electrolyte cells. However If) this does limit the invention in any way.53. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that any number of electrolyzers can be added to this OHwater-gas technology. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.54. This invention is eharacterised in its application and embodiment in that there is no waste of the heat generated in the water by the electrolyzers or heat loss in the water from the electrolyzers when all of the electrolysed water is used for the fuel emulsion. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.55. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the ozone or oxygen gas can be injected to the micro-bubble generator in a number of possible entry points and can generate further oxygen gas using zeolites via a process called Pressure Swing Adsorption. However, this does limit the invention in any way.56. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the ortho and monatomic gas and ozone in the structured water in this invention electrically binds itself molecularly to the fuel when emulsified, increasing the fuel volume. The aforementioned gases can equally be bubbled into the fuel separately and this can also be circulated through a separate storage vessel device with stones and crystals incorporated to intensify the Far Infrared energies in the fuel prior to emulsification.Equally, the emulsified fuel can be recirculated throughout another separate vessel containing specific stones and crystals. The fuel can also be atomised for increased effectiveness during the recirculation process.The water fuel emulsion can be splash mixed and then pumped through a low micron filter so that thc water-gas and fuel become intimately bonded together. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.57. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the gases from the electrolyzers or ozone generators or oxygen generators can be directly pressure pumped into a renewable fuel oil or ethanol. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.58. This invention is characteriscd in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas generated does not need to be stored in a pressurized container for extended stable gases within the water. However this does not limit the application in any way 59. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the gases have longer stability in the OHwater-gas after being process by the micro-bubble generator, vortex and water structuring technologies and affected by the crystals and stones. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.60. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in C'SJ that carbon dioxide gas (C02) is generated in the OHwater-gas process and can also be injected into the micro-bubble generator to reduce the pH N of the water and to absorb the FIR energies to transmit it to the oxygen and hydrogen molecules. Oxygen molecules without the help of the C02 0 molecules will not vibrate or resonate by the far infrared energies.It) However this does limit the invention in anyway.O 61. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that when C02 gas is mixed into this OHwater-gas technology it can form a weak carbonic acid which reacts with NaOH to slightly reduce the pH level. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 62. This invention is charactcrised in its application and embodiment in that by injecting monatomic or orthohydrogen gas into the micro-bubble generator an enhanced stable super-saturated hydrogen and oxygen water is made available for emulsion fuels that has the characteristic of creating a super-efficient combustion above the 100% calorific value generated by a similar non emulsified fossil fuel or renewable oil fuel. However this does limit the invention in any way.63. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that manganese ions, copper ions, platinum ions and palladium ions mixed in the water in fixed specific concentrations, improve the OHwater-gas for friel emulsion applications. These specific ions within the uniquely created OHwater-gas stabilise higher concentrations of ozone, oxygen, active hydrogen etc. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 64. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the injected gases and or electrolysed water generated by the clcctrolyzers can be injected into any renewable oil, hydrocarbon, alcohol or glycerin fuels prior to emulsification or pressure mixing. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 65. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the oil for the fuel emulsion can float on top of the OHwater-gas during the electrolysis process whereby the electrolyser cell is submerged in a volume of water and mechanically withdrawn prior to mixing of the water and fuel. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 66. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas can be splash mixed with any petrochemical or renewable oil prior to optional mixing with an ultrasonic or hydraulic pressure pump and micron filter or any other device such as a commercial whisk. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.67. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that any fuel emulsifier mixing technology can interface to this OHwater-gas Technology System if required to generate a clear nanoemulsion.However this does limit the invention in any way.68. This invention is characterised in its application in that the OHwater-gas can be generated as required at any flow rate on-demand and pumped directly to an emulsifier technology or water storage container or recirculated in any water system where it can be used immediately and 1 mixed with fliel just prior to combustion or the OHwater-gas can be stored for weeks stored for later usage. However, this is not meant to limit the invention iii any way.69. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in If) that the OHwater-gas technology is modular in design with great flexibility C with regard to manufacturing and ease in the replacement of parts.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.70. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the negative ions in the OH water-gas can benefit by being protected from anti-static or any positive ion overdose by grounding the system or flooding it naturally with negative ions. This newly structured super-saturated water however is very stable and the high negative zeta potential protects the negative ions and active hydrogen within the OHwater-gas along with the manganese or copper ions etc and therefore it is very difficult to destroy this negative ion effect. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.71. This invention is charactcrised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas technology is grounded to the earth so that the full OHwater-gas generating device and fuel emulsion generated from the OHwater-gas is further flooded with negative ions from the earth or additional source. This keeps the water or fuel emulsion stable in its negative charge and protects it from static charge and the flood of positive ions. The electrolytes in the OHwatcr-gas acts as a liquid static protection within the fuel. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.72. This invention is eharacterised in its application and embodiment in that when this OHwater-gas Technology generating system is used for an emulsion fuel system in power stations, some of thc exhaust gasses from the generators can also be injected for reeireulation into this OHwater-gas via the modular micro-bubble unit for generating a the water for the fuel emulsion. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.73. This invention is eharacterised in its application and embodiment in that the micro bubble generating device in Fig I., has an option of multiple gas injection points.74 This invention is eharaeterised in its application and embodiment in that when the gasses (ozone, oxy-hydrogen, ortho-hydrogen, monatomie hydrogen gas, oxygen, C02 etc.) are injected into this OHwater-gas via the micro bubbler generating device, the water falls like a waterfall, through a metal mesh sieves into a storage vessel filled with specific crystal and stones or aluminium and gallium metal (for generating additional hydrogen gas release) and the gallium acts as a catalyst for super-efficient conversion of aluminium to hydrogen gas. However this is not meant to limit the application in any way.75. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that tin or aluminum and or any type of either may be added after the bubbler to generate more hydrogen gas in the high pH NaOH water. In the C\J event of using aluminium, the OHwater-gas is preferably heated to a 1 temperature of between 30 and 60 deg C and the water must be chlorine free. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.o 76. This invention is eharacterised in its application and embodiment in that the micro bubbles can be set up to fall through numerous stones, I.!) crystals and minerals. This invention is characterised in its application in 0 that when using this OHwater-gas for a fuel emulsion, its temperature can be set to range from 20 C to 35 C but 32 C is preferred for the best ffiel emulsion mixture as the oil can be at the same temperature. However, the mixture requires no heating whatsoever to form a perfect emulsion and in the case of heating solar vacuum tubes can be incorporate for generating a water temperature of 32 deg C. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.77. The invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that aluminum or tin can be used when the OHwater-gas is heated from 50 C to 80 C for generating more hydrogen gas in this OHwater-gas however this is not meant to limit the application in any way.78. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater-gas can be used immediately to generate an emulsion fuel or it can be pumped for long term storage. If necessary the water can be recharged by a modular attachment that can be incorporated into the fuel line with stones, crystals or ceramic balls from our secret formula for fuel emulsions. If the water is mixed with any fuel for long term storage and the high flame temperature drops after 6 months of storage, it can easily be recharged prior to combustion in a furnace, boiler or generator.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.79. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that any additional devices can be interfaced with the OHwater-gas technologies for any specific application. However, this is not meant to limit the application in any way.80. This invention is characterised iii that the application and embodiment in the OHwater-gas as a fuel emulsion can emulsify and include mixtures of glycerin, waste glycerine, coal dust, hydrogen peroxide, renewable oil, oxyhydrogen gas, ozone etc. Glycerin or oil mixtures can be injected into a diesel generators air supply as aS to 15 microns ultra fine fuel emulsion.This water emulsion atomised spray is injected duriiig the intake stroke of a petrol or diesel engine or generator for dramatically improved efficiency and fuel reduction. This is a unique claim as the fuel savings are considerable when atomising the OFiwater-gas emulsion. However this is not meant to limit the application in any way.81. This invention is characterised in that the application and embodiment in the Oflwater-gas water can be injected into the engine air supply of a diesel generator or burner at 5 to 15 microns as an ultra fine water droplet which explodes at a higher efficiency than ordinary water during the compression stroke due to the high concentration of oxygen and hydrogen safely bonded to the OHwater-gas. However this is not meant to limit the application in any way.r 82. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that any solar technology or steam engine generator can interface with the O OHwatcr-gas Technology to feed electricity to the electrolyzers allowing them to operate in low cost electrical production mode. However this is LI) not meant to limit the invention in any way.83. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OZONE-rich OHwater-gas waste water from any commercial launderette cleaning process need not be flushed way. The waste water can be further recycled and mixed as a water-for-fuel emulsion and used in the launderettes boiler heating system with zero waste water disposal. In this application the ozone water must not have chemical detergents added as the ozone OHwatcr-gas cleans without requiring any detergents.However, this is not meant to limit the application in any way 84. This invention is characterised in its application in that Tall Oil can be perfectly fully emulsified with this OHwater-gas. Manganese sulfate or a small percentage of sulfonated castor oil or a higher percentage proportion of castor oil can be mixed into this Tall Oil. However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 85. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that this OHwater-gas resolves the problem in the prior art whereby the usage of synthetic chemical surfactants in fuel emulsions often results in the dc-rating of the burners or generators, which does not happen when using this OHwater-gas as chemical surfactants are not required. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.86. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated for any emulsion fuel makes a significant difference to thc cfficiency of the combustion process, compared to ordinary water or municipal water. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.87. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas flowing over a vortex vessel or in-line pipe containing the gass!erystals are preferaNy eleetro polished in pure silver and gold and some remain transparent. These in-line pipes are manufactured with spirals. However this is not meant to limit the invention in anyway 88. This invention is eharaeterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated over the various crystals, LED's noble gases imparts natural oscillations and this resonance or transfer of frequency from one object to another can happen both with or without direct contact producing a dynamically harmonised water for numerous applications. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.89. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated for thel emulsions can inject ozone gas to castor oil, sulfanated castor oil or olive oil in high concentrations for safely C\J mixing into the water gas. However this is not meant to limit the invention r in any way.90. This invention is characteriscd in its application and embodiment in 0 that the OHwater gas generated can benefit from small amounts of ascorbic acid or citric acid dissolved into the high pH water as this acts as a buffer especially so when the OHwatcr-gas is further doped with NaBH O (sodium Borohydritc). However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.91. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated for thel emulsions can contain up to 10% of sulphonatcd castor oil which can be mixed into the OHwater-gas fuel emulsion along with hydrogen peroxide. If hydrogen peroxide is used with up to 80% to 98% water concentrations, it must be affected by the whole OHwater-gas technology. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.92. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwatcr gas generated with the addition of copper ions, palladium ions and platinum ions help to further stabilise the active hydrogen generated in the OHwatcr-gas for fuel emulsions should be protected from sunlight or daylight for long storage option. When using the OHwater-gas for drinking purposes only a very small amount of copper ions are required in the water to stabilise the active hydrogen. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.93. This invention is characteriscd in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated traverses spherical shapes within a vessel or pipe. The spherical shapes are preferably made of glass or crystal and are perfectly copied from the lattice network of hexagones. The prefered structure is a minimum of 332 hexagons and 12 pentagons on the surfaces.The bottom of each dimple on the spherical glass or crystal ball is flat and the edges curved. The enclosed vessel can be transparent in order to absorb the Far Infrared frequencies and lights from the LED's. See figure
2. 2. This specific geometric design minimises turbulence and drag in the water flow, structures the water and increases the gas absorption capabilities of the Oflwater-gas, espeeiafly when used as a fuel emulsion.However, this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.94. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated for ftiel emulsions, manganese and magnesium sulfate can be mixed into the friel emulsion is small doses.The former mixed into an alkaline water with high oxygen content, will oxidise manganese ions to the tetravalent state which is beneficial to the fuel emulsions. The magnesium sulfate is used for the absorption of sound within the water to benefit the far infra-red and any additional sound vibrations such as ultrasonics. This combination also thither facilitates very high levels of oxygen within the water and the very small quantities of sulfate and manganese supports the fuel emulsification process and its combustion capability. This requires very small amounts of the above C\J chemical should they be deemed necessary, depending on the specific 1 application. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.N-O 95. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in L_Q that the OHwater gas generated for fuel emulsions, the addition of acetone in very minute quantities is mixed into the fuel emulsion. This acetone 0 works with petrol, diesel, ethanol, renewable oils, glycerin etc. The correct acetone allows for a longer burn rate during the latter phase of the combustion process. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.96. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OFiwater gas generated for fuel emulsions incorporates xanthan gum with any volume of glycerin which facilitates the tn-bonding of water oil and glycerin for a very stable fuel emulsion which is capable of very high calorific burn rate greater than any renewable oil without the OHwater-gas incorporated. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.97. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that with the OHwater gas generated for friel emulsions, Cremophor EL may be used as a non ionic surfactant: it synthesised the hydroxyl group from castor oil and will stabilise emulsions of non-polar materials in aqueous solutions. This also facilitates a very long term stability for fuel emulsions. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.98. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated can mix with Tall Oil for a perfect emulsion as it is anionic and will further emulsify with low or high volumes of castor oil which is available and grows wild in south Asia.Hydrogen pcroxidc can also be added to thc thel mixture as a renewable fucl emulsion.99. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OFiwater gas generated can mix hydrogen peroxide into the OFiwater-gas process to support fuel emulsification. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 100. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas can use Swirly-Ho pipes with braehistoehrone helix incorporated for structuring the water or mixing the water-or-oil emulsion.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 101. This invention is charaeterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwater gas generated can have super-saturated oxygen levels in excess of 100mg/I and high quantities of stable active hydrogen. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.102. This invention is characterised in its application and embodiment in that the OHwatcr gas generated is capable of generating a fuel emulsion with a calorific value higher than any fuel on a like-for-like basis with 40% (\J to 50% OHwater-gas mixed into a fuel for a higher caloritie heat stable r fuel. However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.N-103. This invention is characterised in its application in that vibrating O metal rods generating a specific frequency is imploded within this rich Lç) mineral gas water for gas bubble collapse. The vibrating rods can be O incorporated to a water glycerin mixture prior to emulsification with other fuels However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way 104. This invention is characterised in its application in that itis capable of outperforming any present fuel emulsion in the world and generating the highest flame temperature reading on a like-for-like basis with any other fuel emulsion in the world. And further to the aforementioned point, it will equally generate a higher flame temperature reading from any thel.105. This invention is characterised in its application in that any sodium or potassium electrolyte may be used to generate the OHwater-gas.However this is not meant to limit the invention in any way.</claim-text>