GB2495848A

GB2495848A - Self-powered electronic lock and monitoring a number of such locks

Info

Publication number: GB2495848A
Application number: GB1218777.9A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Douglas Woodbridge
Original assignee: S3 ID Ltd
Current assignee: S3 ID Ltd
Priority date: 2011-10-18
Filing date: 2012-10-18
Publication date: 2013-04-24
Also published as: GB201117976D0; WO2013057498A1; EP2769038A1; GB201218777D0

Abstract

A lock arrangement (10) includes a lock device (12). The device (12) includes an actuator (16) which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator (18, Fig 3) and a first electrically powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action (22). The device is arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action (22). The lock device is self-powered. The lock device may have a transmitter operable to transmit a message to a remote monitoring centre relating to the status of the lock when the lock is operated. The message may contain a lock device ID part (32) and a status part (34) and be encrypted. The lock device may be paired to the receiver of the monitoring centre. The first functional part may be the message transmitter, an RFID card reader or part of the lock mechanism. The lock device may have generated energy storage devices. Locks can be monitored without external power allowing easy installation and functioning during power outages.

Description

Lock Device The present invention relates to lock devices.

Conventionally, lock devices include a lock member, such as a bolt, which is movable between a retracted open position and an extended lock position, which, in the extended position, engages with, for example, a retaining formation, to prevent, for example, the opening of an access member such as a barrier, door or gate. The movement of the lock member may be actuated in a number of ways, eg mechanically, electrically, pneumatically etc. Traditionally, the monitoring of such devices is accomplished by electrical sensors which detect the position of the lock member or the access member and provide signals for example to a monitoring system, which may output or display the status of the lock member or access member or provide an alarm. Such monitoring sensors require the provision of an electrical supply, and if power is lost in the vicinity of the lock device, the monitoring system may lose the capacity to detect the condition of the lock device. In safety or security critical applications, it may therefore be a requirement to provide battery back-up (with increased maintenance costs) or an auxiliary power supply, or duplicate or redundant sensors, to attempt to ensure that the system retains the capacity to detect the condition of the lock device.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lock arrangement, the arrangement including a lock device, the device including an actuator which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator and a first electrically powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the device being arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.

The first functional part may include a card reader, and the action may be the reading of a card. The card may include an RFID tag.

The first functional part may include a lock mechanism, and the action may be the operation of the lock mechanism.

Additionally or alternatively, the first functional part may include a radio signal transmitting device, and the action may be the transmitting of a predetermined radio signal.

The device may include a second functional part, which may be movable between a first position and a second position, and may be movable by the actuator between the first position and a second position as the actuator moves between the first condition and the second condition.

The second functional part may be a lock member. The first position may be a retracted open position and the second position may be an extended position lock position. Alternatively, the second functional part may be, for example, a deadlock mechanism or a tbumbwheel release.

The actuator may include a handle for gripping by a user.

Possibly, as the actuator is operated by a user to move the second functional part, the user is unaware that the action is also being performed.

The device may include a plurality of energy generators, and may include one or more radio signal transmitting devices.

The device may include a generated energy storage device which may store excess energy generated by the generator.

The arrangement may include a receiver for receiving the predetermined radio signal.

The arrangement may include a plurality of lock devices and one or more receivers.

The or each radio signal transmitting device may transmit the predetermined radio signal on a common, shared frequency, or at a different frequency to the other radio signal transmitting devices of the arrangement.

The or each radio signal transmitting device may be paired to a one of the receivers. Possibly, the or each receiver is paired to more than one radio signal transmitting device.

The arrangement may include a controller, which may process the received radio signal(s), and may provide an output which is dependent upon the position of the or each of the movable parts. The output may include a display and/or an alarm.

The radio signal may include an identification signal part, which may be unique to the radio signal transmitting device.

The radio signal transmitted may be dependent on the position or direction of movement of the part, and may comprise a first radio signal if the part has been moved to the first position or a second radio signal if the part has been moved to the second position. The or each radio signal may include a status signal part, which may be dependent on the position of the movable part. The status signal part may comprise a first position signal part, which signifies that the part has been moved to the first position, or may comprise a second position signal part, which signifies that the part has been moved to the second position.

The radio signal may be encrypted.

Thus, in one embodiment, moving the part from the first position to the second position causes the radio signal transmitting device to transmit an encrypted second radio signal comprising a unique identification signal part and a status signal part comprising a second position signal part. Similarly, moving the part from the second position to the first position causes the radio signal transmitting device to transmit an encrypted first radio signal comprising the identification signal part which is unique to the radio signal transmitting device and a status signal part comprising a first position signal part. Thus, both monitored states of the lock device are positively signalled.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lock device, the device including an actuator which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator and a first electrically powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the device being arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.

The lock device may include any of the features described in any of the

preceding statements.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of monitoring the status of a lock arrangement, the method including providing a lock arrangement, the arrangement including a lock device, the device including an actuator which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator and a first electrically powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the device being arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.

The lock arrangement may include any of the features described in any

of the preceding statements.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an actuator device, the device including an actuator which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition. an energy generator and a first electrically powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the device being arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.

Possibly, the actuator device is a lock device. Possibly, the actuator device includes any of the features described in any of the preceding

statements.

Possibly, the actuator device is a card reader.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a lock arrangement; Fig. 2 is a perspective view from the front of a lock device; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the main components of the lock device in an extended lock position: Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the main components of the lock device in a retracted open position; Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another lock arrangement; and Fig. 6 is a schematic view of yet another lock arrangement.

Figs. 1 to 4 show a lock arrangement 10, the arrangement 10 including a lock device 12. The device 12 includes an actuator 16 which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator 18 and a first electrically powered functional part in the form of a radio signal transmitting device 20 for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the transmitting of a predetermined radio signal 22. The device 12 is arranged so that as the actuator 16 is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator 16 causes the energy generator 18 to generate energy, which causes the radio signal transmitting device 20 to transmit the predetermined radio signal 22, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.

The device 12 includes a second functional part in the form of a lock member 14, which in this example is in the form of a bolt. The lock member 14 is movable by the actuator 16 between a first retracted open position and a second extended lock position as the actuator 16 moves between the first condition and the second condition.

The device 12 includes a housing 13. The energy generator 18 and the transmitting device 20 are located within the housing 13. The transmitting device 20 includes an externally mounted antenna 40. The actuator 16 includes a handle 36 externally mounted on the housing 13 and a retaining member 44 located within the housing 13. The retaining member 44 includes an upwardly directed projection 54, a sloping cam surface 56 and a retaining bolt receiving recess 46.

The actuator 16 further includes a retaining bolt 42, a retaining bolt actuator 52 and a switch 48.

The energy generator 18 includes a contactor 58 which could include a roller, and a shaft 60. The generator 18 and the transmitting device 20 are located in a housing 62. The transmitting device 20 includes an antenna 40.

The generator 18 is arranged to generate a relatively short burst of energy when the shaft 60 is moved laterally. In one example, the generator could include electromagnetic and/or piezoelectric components.

As shown in Fig 1, the arrangement 10 could include a plurality of lock devices 12 and a corresponding plurality of receivers 24 for receiving the predetermined radio signal 22. The or each lock device 12 could transmit the predetermined radio signal 22 at a different frequency from the other devices of the arrangement. Each device 12 could be paired in radio frequency to a one of the receivers 24. To provide redundancy in safety or security critical applications, each receiver 24 could be paired to more than one device 12 and vice versa.

The arrangement 10 includes a controller 26, which processes the received radio signal(s) 22, and provides an output which is dependent upon the position of the or each of the lock members 14, which could include a display 28 and an alarm 30.

The radio signal 22 could be encrypted, and could include an identification signal part 32, which is unique to the radio signal transmitting device 20 from which it is generated.

In this example, the radio signal 22 which is transmitted is dependent on the position or direction of movement of the lock member 14, and comprises a first radio signal if the part has been moved to the first (eg, open) position or a second radio signal if the part has been moved to the second (eg lock) position. The radio signal 22 includes a status signal part 34, which is dependent on the position of the lock member 14. The status signal part 34 comprises a first (eg, open) position signal part 34A, which signifies that the lock member 14 has been moved to the first (eg open) position, or a second (eg lock) position signal part 34B, which signifies that the lock member 14 has been moved to the second (eg lock) position.

The combination of pairing and encrypting provides a high degree of security, as the devices 12 are then essentially invisible to non-paired receivers.

Allowing emergency release of a protected door, the device 12 includes an emergency release 38 comprising on the inside a tamper evident', plastic break-dome protected emergency release thumbwheel which over-rides the electromechanical locking and permits actuation of the lock member 14 from the lock position to the open position in an emergency situation using the handle 16, for example, when power has been lost. An alternate configuration is also available using a monitored emergency push bar to exit'.

Optionally, allowing mechanical release from the outside of the protected door, the lock device 12 could be fitted with a suitably protected high security, key released cylinder lock mechanism This similarly permits key actuation of the lock member 14 from the lock position to the open position using the handle 16. In most configurations the key cylinder axis will align directly with the thumbwheel release mechanism.

In use, the actuator 16 is initially in a first condition with the handle 36 in a lock position as shown in Fig 2, and the lock member 14 is in the lock position as shown in Fig 3. The actuator 16 is moved to a second condition by the handle 36 being moved pivotally downwardly to an open position. As the handle 36 moves, the switch 48 is closed and the retaining bolt actuator 52 operates to move the retaining bolt 42 out of the retaining bolt receiving recess 46, permitting the retaining member 44 to move downwardly, moving the retaining projection 54 out of the lock member retaining recess 50, permitting the lock member 14 to move from the lock position to the open position as shown in Fig 4.

As the retaining member 44 moves downwardly, the cam surface 56 engages the contactor 58, moving the contactor 58 and the shaft 60 laterally.

As the shaft 60 moves the generator 18 generates a relatively short burst of energy which is sufficient to power up the transmitting device 20 to transmit the first radio signal 22 which includes the first (open) position signal part 34A.

No other power supply is required by the transmitting device 20 to transmit the signal 22 via the antenna 40.

The signal 22 is received by at least one of the receivers 24, and is forwarded to the controller 26 for processing. The controller thus remotely monitors the position of the lock member 14. If power is lost at the device 12, the controller 26 will still receive signals 22 if the lock member 14 is actuated, for example by the emergency release 38.

Movement of the lock member 14 from the open position to the lock position is similar in many respects to the procedure described above. The handle 36 is moved pivotally upwardly from the lock position to an open position As the handle 36 moves, the switch 48 is opened and the retaining bolt actuator 52 operates to move the retaining bolt 42 laterally to engage within the retaining bolt receiving recess 46, locking the retaining member 44 in a locked position. The lock member 14 is moved to from the open position to the lock position, and the retaining projection 54 moves into the lock member retaining recess 50, locking the lock member 14 in the lock position as shown in Fig 3.

As the retaining member 44 moves upwardly, the cam surface 56 moves upwardly away from the contactor 58, permitting the contactor 58 and the shaft 60 (which could be spring loaded) to move laterally out of the housing 62. As the shaft 60 moves the generator 18 generates a relatively short burst of energy which is sufficient to power up the transmitting device 20 to transmit the second radio signal 22 via the antenna 40. Again, no other power supply is required by the transmitting device 20 to transmit the signal 22. The radio signal 22 now includes the second (lock) position signal part 34 B. The direct linking of the actuator 16 to the energy generator 18 and the transmitting device 20 has a number of benefits. The transmission of the signal 22 is automatic on movement of the actuator 16 without requiring user knowledge or intervention. As the energy generator 18 and the transmitting device 20 are hidden within the device housing 13 and are not visible to a user, monitoring of the operation of the actuator 16 can take place without user knowledge. The signal 22 can be transmitted even in the event of power failure to the device 12. This means that devices 12 could be installed in locations where power supply is non-existent, or intermittent. In safety critical situations, such as oil rigs, the device 12 does not require battery back-up (with increased maintenance costs) or an auxiliary power supply.

Figs 5 and 6 show other embodiments of the invention, many features of which are similar to those already described in relation to the embodiment of Figs 1 and 2. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments will only be described in so far as they differ from the embodiment already described. Where features are the same or similar, the same reference numerals have been used and the features will not be described again.

Fig. 5 shows another lock arrangement 210 comprising another lock device 212. The device 212 includes a second functional part in the form of a lock member 14, which in this embodiment is in the form of a bolt, which is slidably located within a bolt housing 80. A pair of spaced retaining projections 70, 72 extends downwardly from the housing 80. The lock member 14 is movable between a first retracted open position and a second extended lock position.

The device 12 includes an actuator 16 in the form of a gripping part 36 which defines a retaining recess 78.

The device 14 further includes a first energy generator 18A and a first radio signal transmitting device 20A located within a first housing 62A, and a second energy generator 186 and a second radio signal transmitting device 20B located within a second housing 62B.

The lock member 14, the first housing 62A and the bolt housing 80 are mounted to a surface of a movable access member 66 such as a door or gate.

The device 212 includes a bolt receiver 76 for receiving an end portion of the lock member 14 in the lock position. The bolt receiver 76 and the second housing 62B are mounted to a surface of a stationary jamb or post 68.

In use, the actuator 16 is moved from the first condition to the second condition, slidably moving the lock member 14 along the housing 80 to the open position, in which the retaining recess 78 defined by the gripping part 36 receives the first retaining projection 70. The lock member 14 depresses the contactor 58A, causing the generator 18A to generate a relatively short burst of energy which is sufficient to power the first transmitting device 20A to send a first signal 22A, which indicates that the lock member 14 has been moved to the open position.

When the lock member 14 is moved away from the open position, the contactor 58A is released, causing the generator 18A to generate a relatively short burst of energy which is sufficient to power the transmitting device 20A to send a second signal 22B, which indicates that the lock member 14 has been moved to a position away from the open position.

The lock member 14 is slidably moved along the housing 80 to the closed position, in which the retaining recess 78 defined by the gripping part 36 receives the second retaining projection 72. The end portion of the lock member depresses the contactor 58A, causing the generator 1 8B to generate a relatively short burst of energy which is sufficient to power the second transmitting device 20B to send a third signal 22C, which indicates that the lock member 14 has been moved to the lock position.

When the lock member 14 is moved away from the lock position, the contactor 58B is released, causing the generator 18B to generate a relatively short burst of energy which is sufficient to power the second transmitting device 20B to send a fourth signal 22D, which indicates that the lock member 14 has been moved to a position away from the lock poston.

This device 212 provides positive signals indicating when the lock member 14 is in the open position and when the lock member 14 is in the lock position, and furthermore provides positive signals when the lock member 14 has been moved away from the open and lock positions (but may not necessarily have reached the respective opposite lock or open position), so that there can be a high degree of confidence that the lock arrangement 10 has adequate information to provide accurate monitoring.

Each of the radio signal transmitting devices 20A, 20B could generate a radio signal 22A, 22B, each of which includes an identification signal part 32, which is unique to that radio signal transmitting device 20A, 20B. The radio signals 22A, 22B could be encrypted, and could be transmitted on a common shared frequency, or at different frequencies.

Various other modifications could be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The lock device, lock actuator, energy generator and transmitting device could be of any suitable number or number combination, type, size, shape, and configuration, and could be formed of any suitable material. The lock device could be suitable for use in hazardous areas, and could comply with hazardous area standards such as ATEX Zone 1 and 2.

The invention has been described with respect to the operation of the lock member 14. However, the energy generator 18 and the transmitting device 20 could be arranged to transmit a predetermined radio signal 22 when other actions are performed, eg, deadlock setting via a deadlock mechanism, movement of a thumbwheel, breaking of emergency glass.

The lock device could comprise any suitable number or combination of energy generators and/or wireless signal transmitting devices. In one example, a plurality of contactors actuated by different component movements or actuator movements provides energy to a single transmitting device. The contactor of the energy generator could be of any suitable type, shape and configuration.

The lock device could include a generated energy storage device allowing excess energy from the generator to be stored (as opposed to a storage device such as a battery). The generated energy storage device could be of any suitable type. For example, the generated energy storage device could comprise a capacitive circuit or chargeable micro cell. The generated storage device could permit the transmission of additional signals, such as multiple signal bursts.

The ability to transmit additional signals could permit the transmitter to hand shake' with the receiver. The receiver is only looking for transmissions from paired switches. If the signal from the transmitter is not received by the receiver, the transmitter could continue to repeatedly transmit until successful and an acknowledgment is received from the receiver, or the energy storage device runs out of energy.

Different actuator types could be used. The energy generated could be used for different purposes instead of or as well as transmitting radio signals.

In one example, the energy generated could be used to provide electronic actuation of the lock mechanism, possibly as well as transmitting status.

Fig. 6 shows yet another lock arrangement 310 comprising a lock device 312. The device 312 includes a generator 18 and a first functional part in the form of a radio signal transmitting device 20 located inside a housing 13. The energy generator 18 includes an actuator in the form of contactor 58 and a shaft 60-The generator 18 and the transmitting device 20 are located in a housing 62. The transmitting device 20 includes an antenna 40.

The lock device 312 includes a second functional part in the form of a card reader 82, a further second functional part in the form of a lock mechanism 88 and a generated energy storage device 86.

In use, a card 84 is slid into a slot (not shown) defined by the housing 13 and depresses the contactor 58, which causes the energy generator 18 to generate energy. The energy generated is used to power the reader 82 to read the card 84 and the transmitting device 20 to transmit a radio signal.

Excess energy from the generator 18 could be stored in the generated energy storage device 86. The energy generated could be also used to power the lock mechanism 88.

The card 84 could include an RFID tag.

The lock device 312 could be used in conjunction with the lock devices 12, 212 and other components of the previous embodiments. For example, a lock device could include both a card reader 82 and its associated generator and a handle 36 with its associated generator, and both may be required to be operated before the lock can be actuated. The order of operation could be sequential. For example, the card reader could be required to validate a user identity before the handle is able to be operated.

The generator 18 could be different. For example, the generator could comprise a friction wheel, which is forced to rotate as the card is passed thereby, or a pair of wheels, which are forced to rotate as the card is passed therebetween.

The first functional part could be different. For example, the first functional part could be the card reader, or the lock mechanism.

Any of the features or steps ot any of the embodiments shown or described could be combined in any suitable way, within the scope of the

overall disclosure of this document.

There is thus provided a lock arrangement including a lock device which permits the remote wireless monitoring of the status of the lock device which does not require a power supply local to the lock device. The lock device generates its own on-board power via a user operation, but in such a way that the user is unaware of this, and no additional operations are required by the user to operate the lock device.

Claims

<claim-text>Claims 1. A lock arrangement, the arrangement including a lock device, the device including an actuator which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator and a first eIectrcally powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the device being arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. A lock arrangement according to claim 1, in which the first functional part includes a card reader, and the action is the reading of a card, which may include an RFID tag.</claim-text> <claim-text>3. A lock arrangement according to claims 1 or 2, in which the first functional part includes a lock mechanism, and the action is the operation of the lock mechanism.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. A lock arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 3, in which the first functional part includes a radio signal transmitting device, and the action is the transmitting of a predetermined radio signal.</claim-text> <claim-text>5. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the device includes a second functional part, which is movable by the actuator between a first position and a second position as the actuator moves between the first condition and the second condition.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. A lock arrangement according to claim 5, in which the second functional part is a lock member, and the first position is a retracted open position and the second position is an extended lock position.</claim-text> <claim-text>7. A lock arrangement according to claim 5, in which the second functional part is a deadlock mechanism or a thumbwheel release.</claim-text> <claim-text>8. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the actuator includes a handle for gripping by a user.</claim-text> <claim-text>9. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the device includes a generated energy storage device which stores excess energy generated by the generator.</claim-text> <claim-text>10. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the device includes a plurality of energy generators.</claim-text> <claim-text>11. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the device includes one or more radio signal transmitting devices.</claim-text> <claim-text>12. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the arrangement includes a receiver for receiving the predetermined radio signal.</claim-text> <claim-text>13. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the arrangement includes a plurality of lock devices and one or more receivers.</claim-text> <claim-text>14. A lock arrangement according to claim 13, in which each radio signal transmitting device transmits the predetermined radio signal on a common, shared frequency.</claim-text> <claim-text>15. A lock arrangement according to claim 13, in which each radio signal transmitting device transmits the predetermined radio signal at a different frequency to the other radio signal transmitting devices of the arrangement.</claim-text> <claim-text>16. A lock arrangement according to claim 13 or any claim dependent thereon, in which the or each radio signal transmitting device is paired to a one of the receivers.</claim-text> <claim-text>17. A lock arrangement according to claim 13 or any claim dependent thereon, in which the or each receiver is paired to more than one radio signal transmitting device.</claim-text> <claim-text>18. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the arrangement includes a controller, which processes the received radio signal(s), and provides an output which is dependent upon the position of the or each of the movable parts.</claim-text> <claim-text>19. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the radio signal includes an identification signal part, which is unique to the radio signal transmitting device 20. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the radio signal transmitted is dependent on the position or direction of movement of the part, and comprises a first radio signal if the part has been moved to the first position or a second radio signal if the part has been moved to the second position.21. A lock arrangement according to claim 20, in which the or each radio signal includes a status signal part, which is dependent on the position of the movable part and comprises a first position signal part, which signifies that the part has been moved to the first position, or a second position signal part, which signifies that the part has been moved to the second position.22. A lock arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, in which the radio signal is encrypted.23. A method of monitoring the status of a lock arrangement, the method including providing a lock arrangement, the arrangement including a lock device, the lock device including an actuator which is movable between a first actuator condition and a second actuator condition, an energy generator and a first electrically powered functional part for performing, in use, a predetermined action, the device being arranged so that as the actuator is moved from the first actuator condition to the second actuator condition, the actuator causes the energy generator to generate energy, which causes the first functional part to perform the action, without the provision of an external power supply or internal power storage.24. A method according to claim 1, in which the lock arrangement includes any of the features defined in any of claims 1 to 23.25. A lock arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described and/or with reference to any of the accompanying drawings.26. A method of monitoring the status of a lock arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described and/or with reference to any of the accompanying drawings.</claim-text>