GB2492819A - Indicators for confirming decontamination treatment of chemical/biological warfare agents - Google Patents
Indicators for confirming decontamination treatment of chemical/biological warfare agents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2492819A GB2492819A GB1112054.0A GB201112054A GB2492819A GB 2492819 A GB2492819 A GB 2492819A GB 201112054 A GB201112054 A GB 201112054A GB 2492819 A GB2492819 A GB 2492819A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- text
- chemical indicator
- indicator
- susceptible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/208—Hydrogen peroxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/26—Accessories
- A61L2/28—Devices for testing the effectiveness or completeness of sterilisation or disinfection, e.g. indicators which change colour
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/228—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for peroxides
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
A chemical indicator for providing visual indication that a decontamination process consisting of a strong oxidant vapour and an alkaline gas has occurred, wherein the indicator comprises a base substrate, at least one patch of a first dye applied to the base substrate, wherein the dye is initially coloured and is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by a nucleophile, as a result of which the dye becomes colourless, but is unaffected by a strong oxidant alone. Preferably, the nucleophile is base-activated hydrogen peroxide, in particular, hydrogen peroxide activated by ammonia. Preferably the dye is an azo dye or a triarylmethane dye. The chemical indicator may further comprise one or more patches of a second dye, having a different colour to that of the first dye and being susceptible to oxidative attack by an oxidising agent as a result of which the dye become colourless. The chemical indicator may further include one or more patches of a third dye, having a different colour to that of the first and second dyes and being susceptible to oxidative attack by an oxidising agent as a result of which the dye become colourless at a greater exposure than the second dye. The second and/or third dye may be a triarylmethane dye. The patches may be formed by dissolving the dye in a polymer base.
Description
Indicators for Confirming Decontamination Treatment of Chemical/Biological Warfare Agents The present invention relates to indicators for confirming that the decontamination treatment of surfaces which have been exposed to biological and/or chemical warfare agents has been successfully completed.
It has been found that hydrogen vapour peroxide (HPV) 13 in combination with ammonia (NH3) gas can be successfully used to deactivate chemical warfare agents (CWAs) . This process is advantageous due to the fact that it is quick and can be run leaving no residues.
w008/l45987 describes a method of rendering harmless chemical/biological warfare agents, This comprises exposing the agents to an atmosphere which includes a peroxide/water vapour, and causing the peroxide vapour to condense on surfaces exposed to the chemical/biological agents; wherein ammonia gas is included in the atmosphere. The ammonia gas is soluble in the condensate to form ammonia hydroxide to react, in conjunction with the peroxide, against the biological/chemical agents.
US Patent No. 7,102,052 B2 and the International Patent Application WO 2005/035067 A2 describe in detail a method of decontaminating surfaces that have been contaminated with both biological and chemical agents. The chemistry of the chemical decontamination using hydrogen peroxide vapour mixed with ammonia gas or other nitrogen containing compounds is fully explained.
PCT/G82011/000254 describes an improved method which takes a shorter period of time to render chemical/biological warfare agents on a surface harmless, and is more efficient than prior art methods. In this improved method the agents are exposed to an atmosphere comprising peroxide vapour, and the peroxide vapour is caused to condense on the surface having the chemical and/or biological agents thereon. After this first step has completed the agents are exposed to an atmosphere comprising further peroxide vapour, and the further peroxide vapour is caused to condense on the surface having the chemical and/or biological agents thereon. This second step is optionally repeated.
The advantages of the techniques described in the prior art are that the gases may be applied either from an external source to an enclosure or generated within the enclosure; that there is no residue or liquid to be removed at the end of the decontamination procedure; and because it is a gaseous process, of which the only by-products are oxygen and water vapour, no damage will occur to sensitive equipment.
Unfortunately the lack of residue may also be considered to be a disadvantage in that there is no obvious sign that the enclosure or items in an enclosure have in fact undergone a decontamination process, thereby posing a possible safety risk.
There is an obvious need for a quick and straight forward method to indicate that items or areas have been successfully decontaminated are safe for use, preferably by means of a clear visual indication that a decontamination cycle suitable for the destruction of CWAs has been successfully performed.
Chemical indicators are already commercially available that change colour when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (the sterilant used in the aforementioned bio-decontamination processes) -Such indicators are able to provide evidence that the "load" (i.e. the surfaces and items within a room/enclosure) has seen the sterilant i.e. verification that at least part of the process has been carried out.
There is, however, no currently available chemical indicator that provides evidence that loads have been exposed to base-activated hydrogen peroxide which is not affected by hydrogen peroxide alone.
Examples of prior art which are available relating to the use of permanent colour change chemical indicators tuned to specific chemicals, include US-B-6267242 which relates to chemical indicator sheets for packaging bags which involves a hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilisation treatment. KR-A- 20060052833 is another example which relates to a chemical indicator that is tuned to react at a certain concentration of vaporised hydrogen peroxide which is used to ensure a process provides a minimum concentration. The paper "Kinetic investigations of azo dye oxidation in aqueous media" by J. Cakes and P. Gratton, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1998, 1857-1364 discusses the oxidation of azo dyes by hydrogen peroxide and indicates that this action proceeds via the perhydroxyl anion (H00).
However none of the known indicators are suitable for providing visual indication that a CW decontamination process consisting of HPV and NH3 has been successfully completed.
The invention therefore provides a chemical indicator S for providing visual indication that a decontamination process consisting of a strong oxidant vapour and an alkaline gas has occurred, said indicator comprising a base substrate, at least one patch of a first dye applied to the base substrate, wherein said dye is initially coloured and is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by a nucleophile, as a result of which the dye becomes colourless, but is unaffected by a strong oxidant alone.
The invention relates to the use of specific chemical indicators tuned to the nucleophilic action of a decontamination cycle used to deactivate CWAs such as one utilising a base-activated hydrogen peroxide.
The nucleophile is preferably base-activated hydrogen peroxide and the hydrogen peroxide is preferably activated by ammonia.
The dye may be an azo dye or a triarylinethane dye.
The indicator may further comprise one or more patches of a second dye, said second dye having a different colour to that of the first dye and being susceptible to oxidative attack by an oxidising agent as a result of which the dye becomes colourless.
One or more patches of a third dye may also be provided, said third dye having a different colour to that of the first and second dyes and being susceptible to oxidative attack by an oxidising agent, as a result of which the dye becomes colourless at a greater exposure than the second dye.
The second and/or third dye may be a triarylmethane dye.
The base substrate is preferably a metal plate or a sticky label.
The patches are preferably formed by dissolving the dye in a polymer base.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings, in which;-Figure 1 is a plan view of an indicator according to the present invention; and Figure 2 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
The indicator 10 of the present invention may be provided using a suitable substrate in a convenient form, such as a metal plate (e.g. in the form of a dog tag) or low-tack sticky label. Applied to a surface of the substrate of the indicator 10 in a suitable manner at least one patches 11 of coloured dye. The patches 11 are formed by dissolving the dye in a polymer, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate or polyvinylbutyral. An adhesive, such as polyvinyl alcohol, is used to affix the patches 11 to the substrate. The adhesive must be applied in a manner so that it does not form a protective layer over the dye and therefore does not prevent contact with a vapour or condensate.
The patch 11 is preferably labelled with legible identifying indicia 12, such as numbers or letters, although other symbols may be used. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1 there is a single patch. The patch 11 starts coloured and become colourless when exposed to a previously validated decontamination process for a particular chemical warfare threat, i.e. a process and parameters that have previously been proven by laboratory analysis to be successful in completely destroying a chemical warfare agent.
The indicium 12 shown in the embodiment of Figure 1 is the letter N which is indicative of a nerve agent threat, e.g. VX. This is an example of an individual cycle indicator.
The dye of patch N is a coloured dye (preferably an azo dye) that is susceptible to nucleophilic attack (or destruction) by a strong nucleophile agent, which may or may not be generated in-situ (e.g. HOOl, such as the nucleophilic action of a base-activated hydrogen peroxide cycle used to deactivate CWAs. After undergoing nucleophilic attack the dye changes to colourless. These can be commercially available azo dyes, triarylmethane or acid dyes, which are specifically selected to be susceptible to destruction and decolouration selectively by the perhydroxyl anion and not hydrogen peroxide alone. The patch N therefore enables an indication to be given only when the indicator has been exposed to an environment consisting of both HPV and NH3. -7-.
The indicator 10 may be enhanced by combining the patch N with other patches which are indicative of other threats, such as those which are described above and are already S known in the art per se. Pn example is shown in Figure 2 which has 3 patches 11 labelled with indicia 12 comprising the letters B, N and H in which:-B is indicative of a biological threat; N is indicative of a nerve agent threat; and H is indicative of a vesicant threat, e.g. mustard gas.
The dye of patch B is a coloured (preferably triarylmethane) dye that is susceptible to oxidative attack (or destruction) by an oxidising agent (e.g. hydrogen peroxide). After undergoing oxidative attack the dye changes from coloured to colourless.
The dye of patch H is another coloured dye (also preferably a triarylmethane dye) that is also susceptible to oxidative attack (or destruction) by an oxidising agent (e.g. hydrogen peroxide), but which is selected to require a greater exposure than the dye of patch B. After undergoing oxidative attack the dye of patch H also changes from coloured to colourless. The initial hue of this dye is easily distinguishable from the dye of patch B. Suitable compositions for the dyes of patches B and N are Lissarnine Green B, Brilliant Blue R, Brilliant Blue G and Methyl Violet 2b. Suitable compositions for the dye of patch H are Orange I, Orange II and Methyl violet 2B.
One or more patches 11 of each dye may be provided on the substrate and other combinations may also be provided indicating other threats.
Claims (1)
- <claim-text>CLAIMS: 1. A chemical indicator for providing visual indication that a decontamination process consisting of a strong S oxidant vapour and an alkaline gas has occurred, said indicator comprising a base substrate, at least one patch of a first dye applied to the base substrate, wherein said dye is initially coloured and is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by a nucleophile, as a result of which the dye becomes colourless, but is unaffected by a strong oxidant alone.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. A chemical indicator as claimed in claim 1 in which the nucleophile is base-activated hydrogen peroxide.</claim-text> <claim-text>3. A chemical indicator as claimed in claim 2 in which the hydrogen peroxide is activated by ammonia.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the dye is an azo dye.</claim-text> <claim-text>5. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the dye is a triarylmethane dye.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising one or more patches of a second dye, said second dye having a different colour to that of the first dye and being susceptible to oxidative attack by an oxidising agent as a result of which the dye becomes colourless.</claim-text> <claim-text>7. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising one or more patches of a -10 -third dye, said third dye having a different colour to that of the first and second dyes and being susceptible to oxidative attack by an oxidising agent, as a result of which the dye becomes colourless at a greater exposure than the second dye.</claim-text> <claim-text>8. A chemical indicator as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7 in which the second and/or third dye is a triarylmethane dye.</claim-text> <claim-text>9. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the base substrate is a metal plate.</claim-text> <claim-text>10. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of claim 1 to B in which the base substrate is a sticky label.</claim-text> <claim-text>11. A chemical indicator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the patches are formed by dissolving the dye in a polymer base.Amendments to the claims have been filed as followsCLAIMS1. A diéiiAsl indicator for thtidIng visth]. indication & óh1inatioi process consisting of a strong ocidafl flpour d an aiicàline &s has Qccune& saId i4i4t dñ 8 subotrats, at. least: one patch of a flrt dyt appiisd to thc substrate, wherein said dye is iitiáfly doicnvi and is. susceptible to nua1ephilic attack by a nucleophile, as a reeult of which the dye bscomes coioutiess and one or more patches of a secon4 4ye said second dye having a differerrt colour to that of the ftra dye and being susceptible to ozidative attack bi s.oxidising agent as a resslt of whIch the second becomes oo1r1ess.9 A tihernica.t tndtcñbr s cidne4 it claicL 1 in hih the O nuc1eopbIe is bae-acUv4ed ythtgen psroxid& 0) 3. & chetd:al indicator a atairtled in citini a IA which the hydosn peroxide is act intd byarnxnonia.4. A chemical indIcator a: diaimed in any one ot the preced:nq 1tims in which ths first dye is an azo dyea 25. dhai4j jndiqflot c]4ird, in any otie f claitna I to 3 in which the f fret dy is a triarylmEthane dye A dhnthal indfratSr aä ølaithed in any' one of the precedirS eIäis further cbn*isir9 one or more patches. of a third 4yt, s1d third dye hyThg a different colour to that of the tint and aecoud dyes nd being susceptible to ocidative attack by an oxidising agent, as a resuj.t of which the dye becomes colourless t a greater exposure than the ecfl é, 7 A hem1dAl indiestor aè claimed th cLa:im 5 tr Clamp G S in which the aócend and/or third dye is a L,ci.tt*tMne dyb.:s, A hernia indicator as caairned in any one e precedije c1aims in which the substrate is tt1 ate, 9. A chemical indicator as claimed it any one of claim 1 o 7 in QMch the substrate t a sticky label, 1 A thertttoa iridicato fl 4althed. in any one cf the v tnrecedirig, claitus in bjch;ts t*tches are tbrnted by di søLyng the:dyg itt 4 pOlç.quer 1a$e Cr)</claim-text>
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1112054.0A GB2492819A (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2011-07-13 | Indicators for confirming decontamination treatment of chemical/biological warfare agents |
| PCT/GB2012/051111 WO2013007976A1 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2012-05-17 | Indicators for confirming decontamination treatment of chemical/biological warfare agents |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1112054.0A GB2492819A (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2011-07-13 | Indicators for confirming decontamination treatment of chemical/biological warfare agents |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201112054D0 GB201112054D0 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
| GB2492819A true GB2492819A (en) | 2013-01-16 |
Family
ID=44586545
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1112054.0A Withdrawn GB2492819A (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2011-07-13 | Indicators for confirming decontamination treatment of chemical/biological warfare agents |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2492819A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013007976A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110538339A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-06 | 衡水诺盾生物科技有限公司 | hydrogen peroxide plasma five-class card sterilization challenge device and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2085915C1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1997-07-27 | Войсковая часть 61469 | Method of quantitative determination of potassium cyanide |
| WO2001040792A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hydrogen peroxide indicator and method |
| WO2005035067A2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-04-21 | Steris Inc. | Activated vapor treatment for neutralizing warfare agents |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3304985B2 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 2002-07-22 | ジョンソン・エンド・ジョンソン株式会社 | Chemical indicator sheet and sterilizing packaging bag using the same |
| US7192554B2 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2007-03-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid indicators and methods |
| US7102052B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2006-09-05 | Steris Inc | Activated vapor treatment for neutralizing warfare agents |
| US7186373B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2007-03-06 | Steris Inc. | Visual detector for vaporized hydrogen peroxide |
| WO2008006152A1 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-17 | Paul Nigel Brockwell | Indicator system for determining analyte concentration |
| GB0710340D0 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2007-07-11 | Bioquell Uk Ltd | Decontamination of biological and chemical agents |
-
2011
- 2011-07-13 GB GB1112054.0A patent/GB2492819A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-05-17 WO PCT/GB2012/051111 patent/WO2013007976A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2085915C1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1997-07-27 | Войсковая часть 61469 | Method of quantitative determination of potassium cyanide |
| WO2001040792A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hydrogen peroxide indicator and method |
| WO2005035067A2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-04-21 | Steris Inc. | Activated vapor treatment for neutralizing warfare agents |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 161, 2009, pages 1114-1121 * |
| Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 58, 1993, pages 6964-6965 * |
| Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 1998, pages 1857-1864 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201112054D0 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
| WO2013007976A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |