GB2490836A - Method and apparatus for controlling temperature in a cryocooled cryostat using static and moving gas - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for controlling temperature in a cryocooled cryostat using static and moving gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2490836A GB2490836A GB1215293.0A GB201215293A GB2490836A GB 2490836 A GB2490836 A GB 2490836A GB 201215293 A GB201215293 A GB 201215293A GB 2490836 A GB2490836 A GB 2490836A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cryogenic cooler
- cryostat
- employing
- links
- sample space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
- F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
- F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
- F17C13/007—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats used for superconducting phenomena
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
- F17C3/085—Cryostats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
- F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
- F17C2227/0383—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0509—"Dewar" vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0527—Superconductors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/17—Re-condensers
Abstract
A cryostat for providing temperature regulation, one purpose being measuring physical properties of materials, the cryostat employing a superconducting magnet assembly (19) for generating variable magnetic field in the sample space (21) and a cryogenic cooler (30, 31, 33, 50, 52) for cooling the sample space. The cryogenic cooler chamber (22) configuration provides for efficient heat exchange between different stages of the cryogenic cooler without the need for physical heat links. This construction enables selective delivery of cooling power from the cryogenic cooler to the desired areas within the cryostat without using flexible physical thermal links. A counter flow exchanger (43) and ambient temperature valves (40, 46) facilitate efficient use of the cryogenic cooler stages (30, 31). The removal of large heat load generated by the superconducting magnet while operating in the sweeping mode is achieved, in part, by employing a solid plate (27) thermal coupling element between the cryogenic cooler chamber and the magnet assembly.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/722,128 US9234691B2 (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | Method and apparatus for controlling temperature in a cryocooled cryostat using static and moving gas |
PCT/US2011/028184 WO2011112987A2 (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Method and apparatus for controlling temperature in a cryocooled cryostat using static and moving gas |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB201215293D0 GB201215293D0 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
GB2490836A true GB2490836A (en) | 2012-11-14 |
Family
ID=44070663
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1215293.0A Withdrawn GB2490836A (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Method and apparatus for controlling temperature in a cryocooled cryostat using static and moving gas |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9234691B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2013522574A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102971594A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112011100875T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2490836A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011112987A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (45)
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ES2730108T3 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2019-11-08 | Mevion Medical Systems Inc | Radiation therapy of charged particles |
DE102006046688B3 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-01-24 | Siemens Ag | Cooling system, e.g. for super conductive magnets, gives a non-mechanical separation between the parts to be cooled and the heat sink |
US20120167598A1 (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2012-07-05 | Quantum Design, Inc. | Vacuum isolated multi-well zero loss helium dewar |
US8338979B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-12-25 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for a superconducting direct current generator driven by a wind turbine |
US10113793B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2018-10-30 | Quantum Design International, Inc. | Cryocooler-based gas scrubber |
DK2637181T3 (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2018-06-14 | Tesla Engineering Ltd | Multi-orientable cryostats |
GB2502629B (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2015-03-11 | Siemens Plc | A closed cryogen cooling system and method for cooling a superconducting magnet |
GB201210927D0 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-08-01 | Oxford Instr Nanotechnology Tools Ltd | Reduction of blockages in a cryogenic refrigerator system |
FR2992978B1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-07-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE FOR GENERATING TARGETS BASED ON HYDROGEN AND / OR SOLID DEUTERIUM |
US20140326001A1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-11-06 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Systems and methods for cryogenic refrigeration |
US20140137571A1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-05-22 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Systems and methods for cryogenic refrigeration |
KR102095739B1 (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2020-04-01 | 지멘스 헬스케어 리미티드 | An assembly comprising a two-stage cryogenic refrigerator and associated mounting arrangement |
CN103424358B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Multi-parameter controllable temperature is simulated vertical atmospheric environment absorption cell device |
US10403423B2 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2019-09-03 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Superconducting magnet system including thermally efficient ride-through system and method of cooling superconducting magnet system |
US20150300719A1 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2015-10-22 | Victoria Link Ltd | Cryogenic gas circulation and heat exchanger |
WO2015159258A1 (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | Victoria Link Ltd | Cryogenic fluid circuit design for effective cooling of an elongated thermally conductive structure extending from a component to be cooled to a cryogenic temperature |
CN103985499B (en) * | 2014-04-19 | 2016-06-08 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院 | High-temperature superconducting magnet liquid nitrogen zero evaporative cooling system |
CN103920303A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Airflow heating defrosting method for cold trap |
WO2016022718A1 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-11 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Systems and methods for electrostatic trapping of contaminants in cryogenic refrigeration systems |
US20160040830A1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-11 | Raytheon Company | Cryogenic assembly including carbon nanotube electrical interconnect |
JP6571915B2 (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2019-09-04 | 英樹 矢山 | Cryostat equipment |
CN104237817B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-11-30 | 苏州露宇电子科技有限公司 | Nmr magnet thermostat |
CN105823261B (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2022-10-28 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Magnetic refrigeration assembly and magnetic refrigeration equipment |
GB201517391D0 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2015-11-18 | Iceoxford Ltd | Cryogenic apparatus |
EP3285032B1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-07-24 | Bruker BioSpin AG | Cryostat arrangement and method of operation thereof |
JP6626816B2 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-12-25 | ジャパンスーパーコンダクタテクノロジー株式会社 | Superconducting coil precooling method and superconducting magnet device |
CN106601422B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-05-04 | 东莞市玻尔超导科技有限公司 | A kind of temperature control system and its control method of conduction cooling high temperature superconducting magnet |
CN106683821B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-30 | 潍坊新力超导磁电科技有限公司 | A kind of cold-junction container for helium gas cooling |
DE102017205279B3 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-09-20 | Bruker Biospin Ag | Cryostat assembly with a neck tube with a supporting structure and an outer tube surrounding the supporting structure to reduce the cryogen consumption |
US11148832B2 (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2021-10-19 | Iris Technology Corporation | Systems and methods for vibration control |
GB2567130B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2022-11-30 | Tesla Engineering Ltd | Cryostat arrangements and mounting arrangements for cryostats |
US11047779B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2021-06-29 | Montana Instruments Corporation | Analytical instruments, methods, and components |
US10724780B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2020-07-28 | Advanced Research Systems, Inc. | Cryocooling system and method |
US11035807B2 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2021-06-15 | General Electric Company | Thermal interposer for a cryogenic cooling system |
US11396980B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2022-07-26 | Quantum Design International, Inc. | Low vibration cryocooled cryostat |
CN109285646B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-08-25 | 合肥中科离子医学技术装备有限公司 | Structure and method for rapidly cooling cold shield |
JP2020106490A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-09 | 横河電機株式会社 | Measuring apparatus, calibration curve creation system, method for measuring spectrum, method for creating calibration curve, analyzer, liquefied gas production plant, and method for analyzing state |
JP7265363B2 (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2023-04-26 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Cryogenic refrigerators and cryogenic systems |
JP7186132B2 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-12-08 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Cryogenic equipment and cryostats |
WO2020234178A1 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Accelerated cooldown of low-cryogen magnetic resonance imaging (mri) magnets |
US10785891B1 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-09-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Superconducting computing system in a liquid hydrogen environment |
DE102020117235A1 (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | Montana Instruments Corporation | Cryogenic analysis systems and processes |
US11674738B2 (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2023-06-13 | Quantinuum Llc | Testing environment for cryogenic chamber |
US11956924B1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2024-04-09 | Montana Instruments Corporation | Quantum processing circuitry cooling systems and methods |
CN113654382B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Superconducting cooling circulation system driven by no-motion part |
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GB2301174A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-11-27 | Toshiba Kk | A cooling system for cooling an object to a low temperature |
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GB2335973A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-06 | Toshiba Kk | Superconducting magnet cooling apparatus |
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-
2010
- 2010-03-11 US US12/722,128 patent/US9234691B2/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-03-11 CN CN201180013515XA patent/CN102971594A/en active Pending
- 2011-03-11 DE DE112011100875T patent/DE112011100875T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-11 GB GB1215293.0A patent/GB2490836A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-11 WO PCT/US2011/028184 patent/WO2011112987A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-03-11 JP JP2012557291A patent/JP2013522574A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2301174A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-11-27 | Toshiba Kk | A cooling system for cooling an object to a low temperature |
GB2318176A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1998-04-15 | Toshiba Kk | A refrigerator having a plurality of cooling stages |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2013522574A (en) | 2013-06-13 |
WO2011112987A3 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
WO2011112987A2 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
DE112011100875T5 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
US20110219785A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
GB201215293D0 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
CN102971594A (en) | 2013-03-13 |
US9234691B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
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