GB2488932A

GB2488932A - Device and method that control travel of tape medium

Info

Publication number: GB2488932A
Application number: GB1209656.6A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Yuhko Mori; Takashi Katagiri; Yutaka Oishi
Original assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Current assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Priority date: 2009-12-22
Filing date: 2010-09-28
Publication date: 2012-09-12
Also published as: CN102687201B; JP5385992B2; WO2011077798A1; JPWO2011077798A1; US20120229931A1; US9251838B2; DE112010004958B4; CN102687201A; US9087549B2; US8913337B2; GB201209656D0; US20160104506A1; US20150340056A1; US9646644B2; US20150124349A1; DE112010004958T5

Abstract

Disclosed is a tape drive controller (16) that improves data writing performance without impairing the achievement of target data reading rates. When a command processing unit (41) receives a synchronization command, a buffer administration unit (42) hands off data within a buffer to a channel I/O unit (43), and the writing of the data to tape is completed, a backhitch determination unit (44) determines whether to backhitch the tape. If the determination to backhitch the tape is made, a speed setting unit (46) sets a tape speed such that the sum of the time required to write data wherein the backhitch is not involved and the time required to write data wherein the backhitch is involved is the minimum such time, with respect to a range wherein a quantity of data used for purposes of monitoring the achievement of target data read rates is written to the tape. An operation signal output unit (49) instructs that the tape speed be changed to the tape speed thus set, after the tape has been backhitched.

Description

[Description] Description

[Title of Invention] apparatus and method for controlling transportation of tape medium

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for controlling transportation of a tape medium. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium.

[Background Art]

[0002] During data writing, some of tape drives to write data to tape media such as magnetic tapes in conformity with IJTO (Linear Tape Open), for example, receive synchronization commands from a host (an application program) at regular or sporadic time intervals. The synchronization command is a command to forcedly write data accumulated in a buffer in a tape drive to a tape medium. Such regular reception of synchronization commands is for an application program to know (assure) that all data sent to the tape drive by the application program itself is already written to the tape medium and is not left any more in the buffer in the tape drive.

When the tape drive receives a synchronization command, the buffer inside the tape drive becomes empty, and the tape medium is transported idly without data to be written. In order to keep an interval between recorded datasets, the tape drive usually performs "backhitch." The backhitch is a series of operations including stopping the transportation of the tape medium once by reducing the transport speed of the tape medium, transporting the tape medium in a reversed direction, thereafter transporting the tape medium again in the original direction until a location of the tape medium targeted for writing arrives, and then writing next data to the location.

This backhitch usually requires a time of approximately two or three seconds. Since the writing of next data starts after completion of this backhitch, frequent reception of synchronization commands leads to considerable reduction in writing performance.

To address this, there have been heretofore proposed techniques of writing without execution of backhitch (for example, see Patent Literatures 1 to 3) [0003] Patent Literature 1 describes an apparatus including a host I/F unit to store a dataset sent from a host into a buffer memory, as well as to take out a dataset stored in the buffer memory and to send the dataset to the host, and a medium I/F unit to take out a dataset stored in the buffer memory and to transfer the dataset to a tape, as well as to store a dataset read from a tape into the buffer memory. The apparatus acquires a transfer rate with the host from the host I/F unit, acquires an error rate in writing to the tape from the medium I/F, determines a tape speed based on the transfer rate and the error rate, and performs control to transport the tape with the determined speed.

[0004] Patent Literature 2 describes a storage apparatus to sequentially write multiple sets of write data to a data recording medium in segment units of a predetermined size. For each of sets of write data, the storage apparatus writes the set of write data to at least one segment of the data recording nediun when the set of write data is received in association with a write command to write the set of write data to the data recording nediun. In the case where the size of one set of write data is smaller than a prescribed size that is determined in advance, the storage apparatus concatenates the one set of write data and nultiple sets of write data written after the one set of write data, anong the nultiple sets of write data sequentially written to the data recording nediun, and then writes the concatenated sets of write data to a smaller number of segnents than the nunber of segnents originally required to write the sets of write data targeted for the concatenation.

In addition, according to Patent Literature 2, the storage apparatus performs backhitchless flush of writing write data to a tape recording medium without executing backhitch, and thereby operates with a higher speed than in the case of executing the backhitch.

[0005] Patent Literature 3 discloses a helical scan tape recorder inciLuding a rotatable scanner, and a transport system for transporting a magnetic tape to a position proximate to the rotatable scanner in such a manner that information can be recorded during a revolution of the scanner. In the helical scan tape recorder, a controller performs, as a pause routine for pausing during a recording operation on the tape, the steps of: determining a tape pause position reference value indicative of a pre-pause last recording position on the tape; recording an erase signal on the tape after the pre-pause last recording position; rewinding the tape; transporting the tape in a forward direction and obtaining a current tape position value; determining when the current tape position value reaches a predetermined value relative to the tape pause position reference value; and at beginning of a next revolution of the scanner, commencing recording of one or more post-pause stripes on the tape.

[Citation List] [Patent Literature] [0006] [Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-318571 [Patent Literature 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-341925 [Patent Literature 3] Published Japanese Translation of PCT International Application No. 2008-533636

[Disclosure of the Invention]

[Technical Problem] [0007] One conceivable method of backhitchless writing is to idly transport a tape (transport the tape without writing data) after receiving a synchronization command until next data is ready to be written. However, since a tine to write data to the tape is proportional to a tape speed, there is a case where a high tape speed is used to reduce the write tine. The use of the high tape speed leads to an increase in the idly-transported length, and thereby causes a problem of lowering the performance in reading.

In contrast, in order to achieve a target value of the performance in reading, there is no way but to make the idly-transported length short, and the backhitch is executed for this purpose. Therefore, a tine of entire write processing cannot be reduced in consideration of an occurrence frequency of backhitch and a time required for backhitch.

[0008] An objective of the present invention is to enhance performance in writing without preventing achievement of a target read data rate.

[Solution to Problem] [0009] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides an apparatus of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, comprising a determination unit that determines a speed for transporting the tape medium in a way that a portion of the tape medium transported without data writing due to skipping of backhitch has a length not preventing achievement of a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium.

[0010] Here, the determination unit may calculate a first required time and a second required time, the first required time being a time required to write data without backhitch within a range of the tape medium where a predetermined amount of unit data is to be written, the second required time being a time required to write data with backhitch within the range, and determine the speed for transporting the tape medium based on the first required time and the second required time.

[0011] In addition, the determination unit may calculate the first required time based on a first count number that indicates the number of times data is writable without backhitch within the range, and calculate the second required time based on a second count number that indicates the number of times data needs to be written with backhitch executed in advance within the range. In this case, the apparatus may further include a storage unit that stores time history information indicating a record of a time after writing of data to the tape medium and before writing of next data thereto, and count history information indicating a record of the number of times data is written in order to write the unit data to the tape medium, and the determination unit may calculate the first count number based on the time history information, and calculate the second count number based on the first count number and the count history information.

[00121 Moreover, the determination unit may calculate the first reguired time based on a first time being a time reguired to write data without backhitch, and calculate the second reguired time based on a second time being a time reguired to execute backhitch and then to write data. In this case, the apparatus may further include a storage unit that stores time history information indicating a record of a time after writing of data to the tape medium and before writing of next data thereto, and data amount history information indicating a record of a data amount written to the tape medium per writing, and the determination unit may calculate the first time based on the time history information and the data amount history information, and calculate the second time based on the data amount history information and a time required for backhitch that is calculated by using a predetermined value.

[0013] Further, the present invention also provides an apparatus of controlling transportation of a tape mediun during data writing to the tape mediun, the apparatus including: anacquisitionunit that acquires a target read data rate in reading written data fron the tape nediun; and a deternination unit that deternines a speed for transporting the tape mediun based on a first required tine and a second required time, the first required tine obtained by multiplying a time required to write data without backhitch and the number of times data is writable without backhitch within a range of the tape medium where a predetermined amount of unit data is to be written in order to achieve the read data rate acquired by the acquisition unit, the second required time obtained by multiplying a time required to execute backhitch and then to write data, and the number of times data needs to be written with backhitch executed in advance within the range in order to achieve the read data rate acquired by the acquisition unit.

[0014] Here, the determination unit may calculate a plurality of sums one of which is a sum of the first required tine and the second required time corresponding to each of a plurality of speeds of the tape medium, and determine a particular speed as the speed for transporting the tape medium in a case where the sum corresponding to the particular speed is the smallest among the plurality of sums.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, the method including the steps of: acquiring a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium; and determining a speed for transporting the tape medium in a way that a portion of the tape medium transported without data writing due to skipping of backhitch has a length not preventing achievement of the target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium.

[0016] Still further, the present invention also provides a program causing a computer to function as an apparatus of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, the program causing the computer to function as: an acquisition unit that acquires a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium; and a determination unit that determines a speed for transporting the tape medium in a way that a portion of the tape medium transported without data writing due to skipping of backhitch has a length not preventing achievement of the target read data rate acquired by the acquisition unit.

[Advantageous Effect of Invention] [0017] According to the present invention, high performance is obtained without preventing achievement of a target read data rate.

[Brief Description of Drawings]

[0018] [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a tape drive to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of correspondence among a speed level, a tape speed and a read data rate.

[Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method for calculating T(x) according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of a controller according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the controller according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of a backhitch determination unit in the controller according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 7] Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of a speed determination unit in the controller according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Description of Embodiment]

[0019] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in details with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a tape drive 10 to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied. This tape drive 10 includes a host interface (hereinafter, referred to as "host I/F") 11, a buffer 12, a channel 13, a head 14, and a motor 15. In addition, the tape drive 10 includes a controller 16, a head position control system 17, and a motor driver 18. Moreover, Fig. 1 also illustrates a tape cartridge 20, because the tape cartridge is mountable in the tape drive 10 by being inserted thereinto.

This tape cartridge 20 includes a tape 23 wound around reels 21 and 22. With rotations of the reels 21 and 22, the tape 23 is transported in a longitudinal direction, i.e., in a direction fron the reel 21 to the reel 22 or a direction fron the reel 22 to the reel 21. Note that, a nagnetic tape is illustrated as the tape 23, but any tape nediun other than the nagnetic tape is usable.

[0020] Here, the host I/F 11 communicates with a host 23 that is an example of an upper level apparatus. For example, the host I/F 11 receives a command to write data to the tape 23, a command to read data from the tape 23, a command to transport the tape 23 to a target location, and a command to forcedly write data accumulated in the buffer 12 to the tape 23 (a synchronization command) . Here, SCSI is illustrated as a communication standard used by the host I/F 11. In the case of SCSI, the first command corresponds to a Write command, the second command corresponds to a Locate command or a Space command, the third command corresponds to a Read command, and the fourth command corresponds to a WriteFM non-immediate command. In addition, the host I/F 11 returns to the host 30 a reply indicating a success or failure of processing in response to any of these commands.

[0021] The buffer 12 is a memory in which data to be written to the tape 23 and data read from the tape 23 are accumulated.

For example, the buffer 12 is formed of a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) . In addition, the buffer 12 includes multiple buffer segments, and each of the buffer segments stores a dataset that is a unit of data for writing to and reading from the tape 23. The channel 13 is a communication path for use to send the head 4 data to be written to the tape 23 and to receive from the head 14 data read from the tape 23.

The head 14 writes information to the tape 23 or reads information from the tape 23 while the tape 23 is moving in the longitudinal direction.

The motor 15 rotates the reels 21 and 22. Incidentally, although Fig. 1 illustrates one rectangle for the motor 15, two motors 15 in total are preferably provided for the reels 21 and 22, respectively, on a one-to-one basis.

[0022] Meanwhile, the controller 16 controls the whole of the tape drive 10. For example, the controller 16 controls data writing to the tape medium and data reading from the tape 23 in accordance with commands received by the host I/F 11. In addition, the controller 16 controls the head position control system 17 and the motor driver 18.

The head position control system 17 is a system to track desired one or more wraps. Here, the term wrap means a group of tracks on the tape 23. When the wrap needs to be switched to another one, the head 14 also needs to be switched electrically. Thus, the head position control system 17 controls such a switching operation.

The motor driver 18 drives the motor 15. If the two motors 15 are used as described above, two motor drivers 18 are provided as well.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present invention, even when receiving a synchronization command, the tape drive 10 having the above configuration continuously transports the tape 23 without executing backhitch, and writes next data to the same wrap. This method of writing data to the same wrap without executing backhitch is referred to as SWBF (Sane Wrap Backhitchless Flush) or Skip Sync, and is called SWBF in the

following description.

[0024] In this regard, instead of using a high tape speed in consideration of reduction in the write tine alone, this embodinent chooses an appropriate tape speed fron tape speeds lower than the high tape speed, and uses the appropriate tape to shorten the entire write tine by reducing the nunber of backhitches.

[0025] To be nore specific, in order to achieve the target value of the performance in reading, the tape drive 10 calculates the number of tines SWIBF is executable within a certain range to be monitored and the number of times backhitch occurs within the certain range. Then, based on these numbers, the tape drive 10 calculates a time T(x) required to write data with a speed level x of the tape 23, that is, each of multiple speed levels prepared stepwise. In this way, the maximum performance can be obtained by choosing a speed level that minimizes T (x) [0026] Hereinafter, a specific method for calculating T(x) will be explained.

First of all, S(x) andR(x) are defined as variables used to calculate T(x) . Specifically, when SPx denotes a speed level x of the tape 23 that is one of multiple speed levels prepared stepwise, S(x) is a tape speed [m/sec] at SPxandR(x) is a write data rate [ME/sec] at SPx.

Fig. 2 illustratesvaluesSPx, S(x) and R(x) of the fifth generation LTO as one example of these values.

[0027] Meanwhile, the tape drive 10 calculates a time Tbackhitch(x) [sec] that is required to execute backhitch with SPx by using the following formula. Here, A [m/sec2] denotes a rate of acceleration of the tape 23, and is 10 [m/sec2], for example. In addition, s [sec] is a time required until the tape speed becomes stable after a change thereof, and is 1.0 [sec], for example.

Tbackhitch(x) = (S(x)/A)*4 + s*2 [0028] Moreover, using the following formula, the tape drive calculates a maximum length Max_Length [m] of tolerable idle transport for achieving a target read data rate Target_Data_Rate by data reading with the maximum speed SP1.

Max_Length Max Interval*S(1) Here, Max_Interval [sec] is a maximum time of tolerable idle transport for achieving the target read data rate Target_Data_Rate by data reading with the maximum speed SP1, and is calculated by using the following formula. Here, Target Data Size [MB] denotes a data amount of data targeted for monitoring of Target_Data_Rate.

Max Interval Target Data Size/Target Data Rate -Target_Data_Size/R (1) [0029] In the present embodiment, when receiving data of Target_Data_Size targeted for performance monitoring from the host 30 and writing the data to the tape 23, the tape drive acquires andstoresAverage Interval [sec], Average_Tx [MB] and n as history information. Then, with use of such history information, the tape drive 10 determines an appropriate tape speed based on the latest values of the history information.

Here, Average Interval denotes an average time reguired to reoeive next data after completion of a synchronization and to get ready to start writing of the next data to the tape, Average_Tx denotes an average amount of data transfer between synchronizations, andn denotes the number of synchronizations during writing of Target_Data_Size.

[0030] After acquisition of these kinds of information, the tape drive 10 calculates a maximum value m(x) of the number of synchronizations in which SWBF is executable among synchronizations performed until completion of writing data of Target_Data_Size, by using the following formula.

m(x) Max Length/l(x) Here, 1(x) [m] denotes an idle transport length after a synchronization while the tape 23 is transported with the tape speed corresponding to SPx, and is calculated by using the following formula.

1(x) Average Interval*S(x) Further, the tape drive 10 calculates a time Tswbf(x) [sec] required to write data of Average_Tx by SWBF, by using the following formula.

T_swbf(x) Average Tx/R(X) + Average_Interval Furthermore, the tape drive 10 calculates a time Tnormal(x) [sec] required to write data of Average_Tx by Normal Write (a write method with backhitch), by using the following formula.

Tnormal(x) T_backhitch(x) + Average Tx/R(x) [0031] After acquiring these values, the tape drive 10 calculates the tine T(x) required to write data of Target_Data_Size by using the following fornula.

T(x) = n(X)*Tswbf(x) + (n_m(Xfl*Tnornal(x) Then, when data is written with a tape speed that nininizes T(x), high perfornance is obtained.

[0032] Fig. 3 is a conceptual diagran specifically illustrating this calculation nethod. Note that, in the drawing, Target Data Size is 100 MB, Average_Tx is 10MB and n is 10.

Fig. 3(a) shows a case where Nornal write is executed with a maximum tape speed 5(1) corresponding to SP1.

In synchronizations, 10 MB of data is firstly written, then backhitch is executed, and then next 10 MB of data is written immediately after the 10 MB of data firstly written.

As a result, a portion having the Max tength [m] where no data is written (a portion indicated by a white thick arrow in the drawing) is generated within a range (a range indicated by a black thick arrow in the drawing) where a certain amount of data needs to be written to maintain performance in reading.

[0033] On the other hand, Fig. 3(b) shows a case where SWBF is executed with the tape speed S(x) corresponding to SPx.

In this case, an idle transport is performed as indicated by a white thick arrow after 10 MB of data is written by a first synchronization Sync(1) . Here, since the idle transport is performed over the length 1 (x), the idle transport cannot be performed unlimitedly within the range (the range indicated by the black thick arrow in the drawing) where the certain amount of data needs to be written to maintain performance in reading. For this reason, in the drawing, the nunber of idle transports executable within the range is set to 2, and backhitch is executed from after writing of 10 MB of data by a second synchronization Sync(2) to after writing of 10 MB of data by a fifth synchronization Sync(S) . Then, after 10 MB of data is written by a sixth synchronization Sync(6), an idle transport is executed as shown by a white thick arrow.

Thereafter, backhitch is executed from after writing of 10 MB of data by a seventh synchronization Sync(7) to after writing of 10 MB of data by a ninth synchronization Sync(9) [0034] Next, description will be provided for a functional configuration of the controller 16 to achieve the above operation.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the controller 16.

As illustrated in the drawing, the controller 16 includes a command processing unit 41, a buffer management unit 42, a channel input-output unit 43, a backhitch determination unit 44, a target capacity storage unit 45, a speed determination unit 46, a history storage unit 47, a speed table storage unit 48, and an operation signal output unit 49.

[0035] Among them, the command processing unit 41 receives commands from the host I/F 11. Here, the commands include a Write command to store data into the buffer 12, and a synchronization command to write data stored in the buffer 12 to the tape 23 (a WriteFM command or the like), for example.

The buffer management unit 42 prepares data in the buffer 12 when the command processing unit 41 receives a Write command.

In addition, when the command processing unit 41 receives a synchronization command, the buffer nanagenent unit 42 reads data fron the buffer 12 and outputs the data to the channel input-output unit 43. The channel input-output unit 43 outputs data read fron the buffer 12 by the buffer managenent unit 42 to the channel 13, and stores data received from the channel 13 into the buffer 12.

[0036] The backhitch determination unit 44 determines whether or not to execute backhitch in order to write the target capacity to the tape 23 and to ensure the target read data rate.

The target capacity storage unit 45 stores information on the target capacity to be written out of a nominal capacity of the tape 23.

[00371 The speed determination unit 46 determines the tape speed to ensure the target read data rate in the case where the backhitch determination unit 44 determines to execute backhitch. In the present embodiment, the speed determination unit 46 is provided as an exampie of an acquisition unit to acquire the target read data rate and also an example of a determination unit to determine a speed for transporting a tape medium.

The history storage unit 47 stores history information on data writing in the past. Here, the history information includes information on past records of a length of idle transportation of the tape 23, the number of synchronizations, a time interval between synchronizations, a data size (transaction size) written in response to a synchronization, and the like. Instead, these kinds of information may be stored as the history information only for a range where a certain amount of data is written before a current write location. In the present embodiment, the history storage unit 47 is provided as an example of a storage unit to store the history information.

The speed table storage unit 48 stores a speed table including the multiple speed levels prepared stepwise for the tape 23, and correspondence of each speed level with a tape speed and a read data rate, which are associated with the speed level.

The operation signal output unit 49 outputs to the motor driver 18 a signal instructing execution of an operation determined by the backhitch determination unit 44 or the speed determination unit 46.

Next, operations of the controller 16 will be described.

Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the controller 16. Here, the operation example is assumed to start during writing of datasets in the buffer 12 to the tape 23 in response to a synchronization command.

In the controller 16 during such writing of the datasets, the buffer management unit 42 reads the last dataset from the buffer 12, and passes the dataset to the channel input-output unit 43, and the channel input-output unit 43 writes the passed dataset to the tape 23 (step 401) [0039] At this time, since the buffer management unit 42 is informed that the last dataset is written to the tape 23, the buffer management unit 42 instructs the backhitch determination unit 44 to determine whether or not to execute backhitch. In response to this, the backhitch determination unit 44 performs backhitoh determination processing of determining whether or not to execute backhitch from the standpoints of writing the target capacity to the tape 23 and ensuring the target read data rate (step 402) . Note that, the details of the backhitch determination processing will be described later. Then, the determination result in the backhitch determination processing is outputted to the operation signal output unit 49.

[0040] In response to this, the operation signal output unit 49 determines whether or not the determination result indicates execution of SWIBF (skipping of backhitch) (step 403) Here, if the determination result does not indicate execution of SWIBF, the operation signal output unit 49 outputs a signal instructing a start of backhitch to the motor driver 18 (step 409) On the other hand, if the determination result indicates execution of SWBF, the operation signal output unit 49 returns control to the buffer management unit 42, and the buffer management unit 42 compares the transaction size (expressed as "TR size" in the drawing) and the size of the buffer 12 (expressed as "IBUF size" in the drawing) with each other (step 404) . Here, an average value of the sizes of the last three transactions may be used as the transaction size.

[0041] Then, if the transaction size is smaller than the size of the buffer 12, the buffer management unit 42 instructs the speed determination unit 46 to determine a new speed of the tape 23. In response to this, the speed determination unit 46 performs tape speed determination processing of determining a new speed of the tape 23 (step 405) . Note that the details of the tape speed determination processing will be also described later.

[0042] Thereafter, if the current tape speed is different from the tape speed determined in this tape speed determination processing, SWBF is not executed, but backhitch is executed and the tape speed is changed. Specifically, the speed determination unit 46 determines whether or not the tape speed determined in step 405 is equal to the current tape speed (step 406) . Then, if these tape speeds are equal to each other, execution of SWIBF is determined (step 407) . In contrast, if these tape speeds are not equal to each other, it is determined that the tape speed determined in step 405 is used after backhitch, and the operation signal output unit 49 is informed of the determination result (step 408) . In response to this, the operation signal output unit 49 outputs a signal instructing start of backhitch to the motor driver 18 (step 409) . After the backhitch, the speed of the tape 23 is changed.

[0043] On the other hand, if the transaction size is equal to or larger than the size of the buffer 12 in step 404, execution of SWIBF is determined (step 407) Upon determination to execute SWBF or start of backhitch as described above, information to that effect is returned to the command processing unit 41, and the command processing unit 41 reports the completion of the synchronization command to the host 30 (step 410) [0044] Thereafter, the command processing unit 41 receives the next dataset, and passes the dataset to the buffer nanagenent unit 42, and the buffer nanagement unit 42 stores the received data into the buffer 12 (step 411) Then, the buffer nanagenent unit 42 deternines whether or not datasets sufficient to start new writing are already received (step 412) . When it is determined that the sufficient datasets are not received yet, the buffer management unit 42 advances to determining whether or not a given time period passes after the completion of step 406 (step 413) . When the given time period does not pass yet, the buffer management unit 42 waits for some time (step 414) and then again makes the determination in step 412. When the given time period passes, the buffer management unit 42 passes control to the operation signal output unit 48, and the operation signal output unit 48 outputs a signal instructing start of backhitch to the motor driver 18 (step 416) . In contrast, when it is determined in step 412 that the sufficient datasets are already received, the buffer management unit 42 determines whether or not the interval between the current location of the head 14 and the location of the end of the dataset lastly written is short (step 415) . For example, the determination may be made on whether or not the interval is shorter than a threshold of the dataset interval.

[0045] Here, in the case where the given time periodpasses after the completion of step 410, and where the interval between the current location of the head 14 and the location of the end of the dataset lastly written is long at a time after the reception of sufficient datasets, the buffer management unit 42 passes control to the operation signal output unit 49. Then, the operation signal output unit 49 outputs a signal instructing start of backhitch to the motor driver 18 (step 416) . Then, the buffer management unit 42 reads the datasets from the buffer 12, and passes the datasets to the channel input-output unit 43, and the channel input-output unit 43 writes the datasets to the tape 23 (step 417) On the other hand, if the interval between the current location of the head 14 and the location of the end of the dataset lastly written is short, backhitch is not executed, but the buffer management unit 42 reads the datasets from the buffer 12, and passes the datasets to the channel input-output unit 43, and the channel input-output unit 43 writes the datasets to the tape 23 (step 417) [0046] Thereafter, the channel input-output unit 43 informs the buffer management unit 42 of the history information on data writing, and the buffer management unit 42 stores the history information into the history storage unit 47 (step 418). Here, the history information may include: Accumulated_Interval that is a cumulative total of dataset intervals generated within a range where the unit data (target data) closest to the current write location is written; the tape speed S (x) at the above writing; Average_Interval (an example of time history information) that is an average time required to receive next data after completion of a synchronization and to get ready to start writing of the next data to the tape; AverageTx (an example of data amount history information) that is an average amount of data transferred between synchronizations; and n (an exanple of count history infornation) that is the nunber of synchronizations performed until completion of writing of Target Data Size.

[0047] Next, the details of the backhitch determination processing in step 402 will be described.

Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the backhitch determination processing.

Firstly, the backhitch determination unit 44 acguires mode information stored in an unillustrated memory (step 501).

Then, the backhitch determination unit 44 determines whether or not the mode information indicates the high data rate mode (step 502) . Here, the high data rate mode is a mode supposed to write a target capacity that is smaller than a nominal capacity.

When the mode information is determined to indicate the high data rate mode as a result, the backhitch determination unit 44 acguires the target capacity from the target capacity storage unit 46 (step 503) . Additionally, the backhitch determination unit 44 acguires a total number of datasets C, an effective tape length T, an SWBF margin ratio r, a last data set location p, a last dataset number w, and a dataset length L (step 504) . Among them, C, T and D may be acquired from setting information internally retained in advance. Moreover, r nay be obtained by dividing the target capacity acquired in step 503 by the nominal capacity. Further, since p and w can be obtained when the last dataset is written in step 401, these values may be acquired as p and w.

[0048] Subsequently, the backhitch determination unit 44 determines whether or not the values thus acquired satisfy a conditional expression " (Cxr-w) XL < T-p" (step 505) Here, if the conditional expression is satisfied, the backhitch determination unit 44 acquires Target_Data_Size, Target Data Rate, R(1), Accumulated_Interval, S(x) and 5(1) (step 506) . Among them, Target_Data_Size and Target Data Rate may be acquired from the setting information internally retained in advance. In addition, R(1) and 5(1) may be acquired by searching the speed table stored in the speed table storage unit 48. Moreover, the values stored in the history storage unit 47 in step 418 may be acquired as Accumulated Interval and S (x) [0049] Then, the backhitch determination unit 44 obtains Threshold by a formula "Threshold TargetDataSize/TargetDataRate-TargetDataSize/R(1) -Accumulated Interval*S(x)/S(1)TT (step 507), and determines whether or not Threshold is larger than 0 (step 508) If Threshold is determined to be larger than 0 as a result, a determination resuit is set to execution of SWBF (step 509) On the other hand, in each of the case where it is determined that the mode information does not indicate the high data rate mode in step 502, the case where it is determined that the conditional expression "(Cxr-w) xL < T-p" is not satisfied in step 505, and the case where Threshold is determined to be equal to or smaller than 0 in step 508, the determination result is set to execution of backhitch (step 510) [0050] Next, the details of the tape speed determination processing in step 405 will be described.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the tape speed determination processing. Note that, this operation example is configured to additionally determine which of SWIBF or backhitch to execute at a synchronization timing even though a capacity requirement for SWEF is satisfied.

Firstly, the speed determination unit 46 acquires S (1), R(1), Target Data Size, Target Data Rate, Average Interval, AverageTx, n, A, and s (step 601) . Among them, Target Data Size, Target Data Rate, A, and s may be acquired from the setting information internally retained in advance.

In addition, 5(1) and R(1) may be acquired by searching the speed table stored in the speed table storage unit 48.

Moreover, the values stored in the history storage unit 47 in step 418 may be acquired as Average Interval, Average Tx, and n.

[0051] Then, the speed determination unit 46 calculates Max_Length (step 602) . Specifically, the speed determination unit 46 first caiculates Max Interval from "Max Interval Target Data Size/Target Data Rate -Target Data Size/R(1)" using R(1), Target Data Size and Target_Data_Rate acquired in step 601. Moreover, the speed determination unit 46 calculates Max Length from "Max Length Max Interval*S (1) VT using 5(1) acquired in step 601.

[0052] Thereafter, the speed determination unit 46 calculates T(1) (step 603) . Specifically, the speed determination unit 46 first calculates Tbackhitch(1) from "Tbackhitch(1) (S(l)/A) *4 + s*2TT using 5(1), A and s acquired in step 601.

Then, the speed determination unit 46 calculates Tnormal(l) from TTnormal(1) = Tbackhitch(1) + Average Tx/R(1)" using R(l) and Average Tx acquired in step 601 as well. Morover, the speed determination unit 46 calculates Tswbf(l) from "Tswbf(l) = Average Tx/R(l) + Average Interval" using Average_Tx and Average_Interval acquired in step 601 as well.

In addition, the speed determination unit 46 calculates 1(1) from "1(1) = Average Interval*S(1)" using 5(1) and Average_Interval acquired in step 601 as well. Further, the speed determination unit 46 calculates m(l) from "m(1) = Max Length/l(1)" using Max_Length calculated in step 602.

Furthermore, the speed determination unit 46 calculates T(1) from TT(1) = m(1)*Tswbf(l) + (n_m(l))*Tnormal(1)fl using n acquired in step 601.

(00531 After that, the speed determination unit 46 assigns 2 to the variable x indicating the speed level (step 604) Next, the speed determination unit 46 performs processing of evaluating T(x) in each of the cases where the variable x is 2 to 5.

To be more specific, the speed determination unit 46 firstly acquires 5(x) andR(x) (step 605). Here, 3(x) andR(x) may be acquired by searching the speed table stored in the speed table storage unit 48.

[0054] Then, the speed determination unit 46 calculates T(x) (step 606) . Specifically, the speed determination unit 46 calculates Tbackhitch(x) from "Tbackhitch(x) = (S(x)/A)*4 + s*2 using 3(x) acquired in step 605 and A and s acquired in step 601. In addition, the speed determination unit 46 calculates Tnormal(x) from "Tnormal(x) = T_backhitch(x) + Average Tx/R(x)" using R(x) acquired in step 605 and Average_Tx acquired in step 601. Moreover, the speed determination unit 46 calculates T_swbf(x) from "T swbf(x) = Average Tx/R(x) + Average Interval" using R(x) acquired in step 605 and Average_Tx and Average_Interval acquired in step 601. Further, the speed determination unit 46 calculates 1 (x) from "1(x) = Average Interval*S(x)fl using S(x) acquired in step 605 and Average_Interval acquired in step 601.

Furthermore, the speed determination unit 46 calculates m(x) from "m(x) = Max Length/l (x) TV using Max_Length calculated in step 602. Still further, the speed determination unit 46 calculates T(x) from "T(x) m(x)*Tswbf(x) + (n_m(x))*T_normal(x)vusing n acquired in step 601. Note that, m(x)*Tswbf(x) is an example of a first required time, and (n-m(x) ) *T normal (x) is an example of a second required time.

Moreover, m(x) is an example of a first count number, and (n-m(x)) is an example of a second count number. Additionally, T_swbf(x) is an example of a first time, and Tnormal(x) is an example of a second time.

[0055] Thereafter, the speed determination unit 46 determines whether or not T(x) is smaller than T(x-1) (step 607) . In summary, since the highest performance can be obtained by transporting the tape 23 with the tape speed S (x) in the case where T(x) is minimized, the speed determination unit 46 performs processing of finding out such T(x) If T(x) is determined to be smaller than T(x-1) as a result, the speed determination unit 46 increments x by 1 (step 608) Then, the speed determination unit 46 determines whether or not the incremented x is smaller than 5 (step 609) In other words, the speed determination unit 46 determines whether or not there is a speed lower than S (x), because the speed levels prepared for the tape drive 10 are 1 to 5 in the present embodiment. Then, if the incremented x is smaller than 5, the processing returns to step 605.

Here, let assume that steps 605 to 609 are iterated in the above way, and that, in step 609, x reaches 5 and it is determined that there is no lower speed anymore. In this case, a variable ChosenSpeed expressing a chosen speed is set to S (5) that is the lowest speed among the speeds registered in the speed table storage unit 48 (step 610) . On the other hand, assume that T(x) is determined not to be smaller than T(x-1) in step 607. In this case, the variable ChosenSpeed expressing the chosen speed is set to S (x-1) corresponding to T (x-1) that is the last one before T (x) under evaluation at this time (step 611) [0056] The description of the present embodiment is completed hereinabove.

As described above, the present embodiment is configured to choose a tape speed that can achieve a target read data rate even though idle transport occurs due to SWBF, and to write data while transporting the tape 23 with the chosen tape speed.

In this way, the present embodiment can ensure the target read data rate while obtaining high performance in writing.

[0057] Note that, although the backhitch is executed prior to a change in the speed of the tape 23 in the present embodiment, the present embodiment may be configured to change the speed of the tape 23 without executing backhitch.

In addition, the above description has been provided for the case where the present embodiment is applied to the tape drive 10 configured to change the tape speed stepwise, but the present embodiment is applicable to a tape drive device capable of changing the tape speed in a stepless manner.

[0058] Here, the present invention may be entirely implemented by hardware, or may be entirely implemented by software.

Instead, the present invention may be implemented by both of hardware and software. The present invention may also be implemented as a computer, a data processing system, or a computer program. This computer program can be provided in the form stored in a computer-readable medium. Here, a medium considered usable as the above medium is an electric, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor system (apparatus or device), or removal medium. In addition, examples of the computer-readable medium include a semiconductor, a solid state storage device, a magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), aread-onlymemory (RaM), arigidmagnetic disc, and an optical disc. Examples of the optical disc at the present time include a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a compact disc read/write (CD-R/W) and a DVD.

[0059] The present invention has been described by using the embodiments hereinabove. The technical scope of the present invention, however, is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. It is apparent to those skilled in the art to modify the foregoing embodiments variously or to employ an alternative embodiment without deviating from the sprit and scope of the present invention.

[Reference Signs List] [0060] tape drive 11 host I/F 12 buffer 13 channel 14 head motor 16 controller 17 head position control system 18 motor driver tape cartridge 21, 22 reel 23 tape host 41 command processing unit 42 buffer management unit 43 channel input-output unit 44 backhitch determination unit target capacity storage unit 46 speed determination unit 47 history storage unit 48 speed table storage unit 49 operation signal output unit

Claims

[Description] Claims1. An apparatus of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, comprising a determination unit that determines a speed for transporting the tape medium in a way that a portion of the tape medium transported without data writing due to skipping of backhitch has a length not preventing achievement of a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit calculates a first required time and a second required time, the first required time being a time required to write data without backhitch within a range of the tape medium where a predetermined amount of unit data is to be written, the second required time being a time required to write data with backhitch within the range, and determines the speed for transporting the tape medium based on the first required time and the second required time.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the determination unit calculates the first required time based on a first count number that indicates the number of times data is writable without backhitch within the range, and calculates the second required time based on a second count number that indicates the number of times data needs to be written with backhitch executed in advance within the range.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a storage unit that stores time history information indicating a record of a time after writing of data to the tape medium and before writing of next data thereto, and count history information indicating a record of the number of times data is written in order to write the unit data to the tape medium, wherein the determination unit calculates the first count number based on the time history information, and calculates the second count number based on the first count number and the count history information.
5. The apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the determination unit calculates the first required time based on a first time being a time required to write data without backhitch, and calculates the second required time based on a second time being a time required to execute backhitch and then to write data.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a storage unit that stores time history information indicating a record of a time after writing of data to the tape medium andbefore writing of next data thereto, and data amount history information indicating a record of a data amount written to the tape medium per writing, wherein the determination unit calculates the first time based on the time history information and the data amount history information, and calculates the second time based on the data amount history information and a time required for backhitch that is calculated by using a predetermined value.
7. IAn apparatus of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium; and a determination unit that determines a speed for transporting the tape medium based on a first required time and a second required time, the first required time obtained by multiplying a time required to write data without backhitch and the number of times data is writable without backhitch within a range of the tape medium where a predetermined amount of unit data is to be written in order to achieve the read data rate acquiredbythe acquisitionunit, the secondrequiredtime obtained by multiplying a time required to execute backhitch and then to write data, and the number of times data needs to be written with backhitch executed in advance within the range in order to achieve the read data rate acquired by the acquisition unit.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the determination unit calculates a plurality of sums one of which is a sum of the first required time and the second required time corresponding to each of a plurality of speeds of the tape medium, and determines a particular speed as the speed for transporting the tape medium in a case where the sum corresponding to the particular speed is the smallest among the plurality of sums.
9. A method of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, comprising the steps of: acquiring a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium; and determining a speed for transporting the tape medium in a way that a portion of the tape medium transported without data writing due to skipping of backhitch has a length not preventing achievement of the target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium.
10. A program causing a computer to function as an apparatus of controlling transportation of a tape medium during data writing to the tape medium, the program causing the computer to function as: an acquisition unit that acquires a target read data rate in reading written data from the tape medium; and a determination unit that determines a speed for transporting the tape medium in a way that a portion of the tape medium transported without data writing due to skipping of backhitch has a length not preventing achievement of the target read data rate acquired by the acquisition unit.