GB2487216A - Determining the flow rate of injected fuel - Google Patents
Determining the flow rate of injected fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2487216A GB2487216A GB1100542.8A GB201100542A GB2487216A GB 2487216 A GB2487216 A GB 2487216A GB 201100542 A GB201100542 A GB 201100542A GB 2487216 A GB2487216 A GB 2487216A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- line
- fuel
- flow rate
- injection
- leak
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2432—Methods of calibration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
- F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
- F02D41/3863—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow out of the common rail, e.g. using pressure relief valves
- F02D41/3872—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow out of the common rail, e.g. using pressure relief valves characterised by leakage flow in injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
- F02M65/001—Measuring fuel delivery of a fuel injector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0614—Actual fuel mass or fuel injection amount
- F02D2200/0616—Actual fuel mass or fuel injection amount determined by estimation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
Abstract
Method for determining an injection parameter in an internal combustion engine 50, the engine being provided with an injection line 14 for supplying a fuel quantity to an injector 12 and a leak line 16 for recovering fuel the injector, where the method comprises determining a flow rate in the injection line as a function of the fuel pressure difference measured in injection line, determining a flow rate in the leak line as a function of the fuel pressure difference measured in leak line and determining a flow rate of the injected fuel quantity in the injector as a difference between the flow rate in the injection line and the flow rate in the leak line. The method may also include determining a variation over time of a flow rate of fuel in the injection line and leak line as a function of the fuel pressure in the respective lines and integrating the variation over time.
Description
METHOD FOR DETERMINING INJECTION PARAMETERS IN AN INTERNAL CCI4BUSTION
ENGINE
flfl FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a method for determining injection parameters in an internal combustion engine.
It is known that modem engines are provided with a fuel injection system for directly injecting the fuel into the cylinders of the engine. The fuel injection system generally corrprises a fuel common rail and a plurality of electrically controlled fuel injectors, which are individually located in a respective cylinder of the engine and which are hydraulically connected to the fuel rail through dedicated injection lines.
Each fuel injector generally corrprises a nozzle and a movable needle which repeatedly opens and closes this nozzle; fuel can thus be injected into the cylinder giving rise to single or multi-injection patterns at each engine cycle.
The needle is moved with the aid of a dedicated actuator, typically a solenoidal actuator or a piezoelectric actuator, which is controlled by an engine control unit (ECU). The ECU operates each fuel injection by generating an electric opening corimnand, causing the actuator to open the fuel injector nozzle for a predetermined amount of time, and a subsequent electric closing command, causing the actuator to close the fuel injector nozzle.
The time between the electric opening command and the electric closing command is generally referred as energizing time of the fuel injector, and it is determined by the ECU as a function of a desired quantity of fuel to be injected.
During the development phase of the engine it is essential to accurately correlate the injector energizing time with the performance of the injector and with engine performance.
In fact, the injection rate of the injector and the actual quantity of fuel injected in any injection can vary with respect to nominal values due to numerous factors affecting the fuel flow in the injector line and the injector performance.
Therefore a need exist for an instrument that allows to measure accurately injector parameters and injector performance in the engine development phase.
Art object of an embodiment of the invention is to provide a precise determination of the injection rate and of the fuel quantity injected in each engine cycle.
An object of an embodiment of the invention is to provide a device that allows a precise calibration of engine injection parameters.
Another object is to provide such determination of the injection rate and of the fuel quantity injected without using complex devices and by taking advantage from the computational capabilities of the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the vehicle.
These objects are achieved by a method, by a device, by an engine, by a computer program and computer program product, and by an electromagnetic signal having the features recited in the independent claims.
The dependent claims delineate preferred and/or especially advantageous aspects.
St1MRY An embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for determining an injection parameter in an internal combustion engine, the engine being provided with an injection line for supplying a fuel quantity to an injector and a leak line for recovering fuel the injector, the method comprising: -determining a flow rate in the injection line as a function of the fuel pressure difference measured in injection line, -determining a flow rate in the leak line as a function of the fuel pressure difference measured in leak line, -determining a flow rate of the injected fuel quantity in the injector as a difference between the flow rate in the injection line and the flow rate in the leak line.
An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows to determine the actual fuel injection rate into the injector which is useful to improve the calibration process of the engine itself.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the phases of: -determining a variation over time of a flow rate of fuel in the injection line as a function of the fuel pressure difference measured in that line and a variation over time of a flow rate of fuel in the leak line as a function of the fuel pressure difference measured in that line, -integrating over time the variation of a flow rate of fuel in the injection line to determine a flow rate in that line and integrating over time the variation of a flow rate of fuel in the leak line to determine a flow rate in that line.
An advantage of this embodiment is that it provides a straightforward procedure to determine the actual fuel injection rate into the injector.
S
According to an embodiment of the invention, the fuel pressure difference in the injection line is measured by means of two pressure sensors in two different points in the injection line and the fuel pressure difference in the leak line is measured by means of two pressure sensors in two different points in the leak line.
An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows a precise measurement of the pressure difference in two different points of the relevant conduits of the injection system in order to determine the 1.5 actual parameters of the injection.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the variation over time of the flow rate in the injection line and in the leak line is determined by means of the following equation:
A AGHITI 8A2 where
O is the variation over time of the flow rate, A is the sectional area of the line, 1 is the distance between the two points of pressure measurement in the line, tSp is the pressure difference between two points of pressure measurement in the line, 2 is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, G is the flow rate of fuel in the line, d is the diameter of the line and E5 is the average density of the fuel.
An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows a precise calculation of a relevant parameter of the injection based on the measurement of the pressure difference in the relevant conduits of the injection system.
According to still another errbodiment of the invention, a quantity of fuel injected by an injector is determined, for an injection, by integrating over time the flow rate in the injection line to determine a quantity of fuel through the injection line during the injection and integrating over time the flow rate in the leak line to determine a quantity of fuel through in the leak line as a consequence of the injection, and determining the quantity of fuel injected by an injector as a difference between the quantity of fuel through the injection line and the quantity of fuel through the leak line.
An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows to determine the actual quantity of fuel injected by the injector.
An embodiment of the invention provides a method for operating an internal combustion engine in which the flow rate (G inj) of the injected fuel determined is used to calibrate a subsequent injection Another embodiment of the invention provides for an internal combustion engine equipped with fuel injectors receiving fuel from injection lines, the injectors having leak lines for recovering fuel, the engine having associated sensors for the measurement of pressure differences in the injection line and in the leak line, the engine comprising an Electronic Control Unit configured for carrying out the steps of the method.
The method according to one of its aspects can be carried out with the help of a computer program comprising a program-code for carrying out all the steps of the method described above, and in the form of computer program product comprising the computer program.
The computer program product can be embodied as a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a data carrier associated to the ECU, and the computer program stored in a data carrier, so that the control apparatus defines the embodiments described in the same way as the method. In this case, when the control apparatus executes the computer program all the steps of the method described above are carried out.
The method according to a further aspect can be also embodied as an electromagnetic signal, said signal being modulated to carry a sequence of data bits which represents a computer program to carry out all steps of the method.
A still further aspect of the disclosure provides an internal combustion engine specially arranged for carrying out the method claimed.
BRIEF DESCRIFflCII OF THE DRAWINGS The various embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the device for the actuation of the method of an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 2 is a graph depicting a series of parameters relating to an injection.
DEThILED DESRIPTIC*1 OF THE DRAWGS Preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the enclosed drawings.
In Figure 1 a schematic representation of the device for the actuation of the method of an embodiment of the invention is provided.
The device 10 comprises a plurality of injectors 12, each injector being connected by means of a high pressure injection line 14 to a common rail 20 and being suitable to inject a quantity of fuel into a cylinder 51 of an internal combustion engine 50.
The opening of each injector 12 is controlled by means of a pilot valve (not represented) which is placed inside the injector 12 itself; when the injector is acted upon by the pilot valve a quantity of fuel is expelled outside the injector 12 through the pilot valve and flows through a leak line 16 that goes back to a fuel tank 60 to recover this fuel for future injections.
According to an embodiment of the invention, two pressure sensors 17,18 are provided in an injection line 14. Also, two pressure sensors 21,22 are provided in a leak line 16.
The pressure sensors 17,18 and 21,22 can send pressure data to an Electronic control unit (ECU) 30 equipped with a data carrier 40 and
used to perform the method of the disclosure.
Pressure sensors 17,18 measure a pressure difference áp between two points in the injection line 14 and pressure sensors 21,22 measure a pressure difference zpie between two points in the leak line 16.
From the measured pressure differences, a number of injection parameters can be evaluated; schematically these operations can be represented in the following way: Ap-*O3G3Q where tsp is the pressure difference measured by the two sensors in the respective fuel line, O is the variation over time of the flow rate in the line, G is the flow rate of fuel in the line and Q is the quantity of fuel that passes through the line in a given amount of time.
Specifically, the evaluation of the variation over time of the flow rate 0 through a line, namely the injection line 14 or the leak line 16, starting from the pressure difference tsp that generates it and measured in two different points of a line, can be performed by means of the following equation: (1) A 2Gfr37rd 1 8pA where, O is the variation over time of the flow rate in the line A is the sectional area of the line 1 is the distance between the two sensors in the line tsp is the pressure difference measured by the two sensors in the line 2 is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor.
G is the flow rate of fuel in the line d is the diameter of the line, and is the average density of the fuel.
The above equation (1) is derived from the conservative form of the Navier-Stokes equations and allows to calculate the dynamic flow rate through a line starting from its pressure drop.
To perform this calculation, the variation over time of the flow rate in the line O is calculated using the above equation (1) measuring the pressure difference Ap in the line at time t.
To perform this first step of this calculation the value G of the flow rate of fuel in the line can be set to zero or to another predetermined value.
Then, using the value U calculated at time t, the value G of the flow rate of fuel at time t can be calculated using the above equation (1) in the appropriate form.
The value of G of the flow rate of fuel at time t is then used, together with a new value of Ltp in the line measured at time t+1 for the calculation of U at time t+1.
Therefore the variation over time of the flow rate of fuel G in the injection line 14 and the variation over time of flow rate of fuel in the leak line 16 in a interval of time At can be determined by using equation (1), for each line 14,16, in the manner explained above, using the measured values of the pressure differences Ap and Ap leak.
The length of the interval of time At can be predefined or determined by the ECU 30 and can be set equal to the length of time of an injection.
Then the flow rate of fuel G through the injection line 14 and the flow rate of fuel G1 through the leak line 16 can be calculated by means of an integration over time respectively of 0 and 0 leak for the interval of time At.
Finally the flow rate of the injected fuel into the injector 12 can be determined by means of the difference between 6 and G lk,: Gjnj = -Gleak.
A further integration of G and G1 for the interval of time At can be performed to determine Q and Q1k, namely the quantity of fuel that respectively pass through the injection line 14 and the leak line 16 during time At.
Then also the quantity of fuel Qj that has been actually injected can be determined by means of the difference between Qiw and Q1k: Qi = Q -Q1k.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a device for detennining an injected parameter of an injection in an internal combustion engine 50 is also described.
An embodiment of the device provides for a fuel injector 12, that is connected by means of an injection line 14 to a common rail 20 and has a leak line 16 for recovering a quantity of fuel into a fuel tank 60; the injector 12 is associated with two pressure sensors 17,18 in the injection line 14 and two pressure sensors 21,22 in the leak line 16.
In an embodiment of the invention, each injection line 14 and each leak line 16 of each injector 12 can be equipped with respective pressure sensors.
By means of pressure sensors 17,18,21,22, the device described is capable of determining the actual injection rate and the actual fuel quantity delivered into the combustion chamber in each engine cycle.
This values can be correlated, as exemplified in figure 2, with other parameters of the engine, for example the cylinder pressure 62 measured by a dedicated sensor in order to accurately correlate actual injection rate 61, due to an injection 70, with cylinder pressure for engine calibration purposes.
S While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing surruriary and detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing surrtnary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing at least one exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
REFE NERS
device 12 injectors 14 injection line 16 leak line 17,18 pressure sensors in the injection line common rail 21,22 pressure sensors in the leak line Engine control unit (ECU) 40 Data carrier engine 51 cylinder fuel tank 61 injection rate 62 cylinder pressure injection
Claims (11)
1. Method for determining an injection parameter in an internal combustion engine (50), the engine (50) being provided with an injection line (14) for supplying a fuel quantity to an injector (12) and a leak line (16) for recovering fuel the injector, the method comprising: -determining a flow rate (G) in the injection line (14) as a function of the fuel pressure difference (Ap) measured in injection line (14), -determining a flow rate (Giea) in the leak line (16) as a function of the fuel pressure difference (ápiea) measured in leak line (16), -determining a flow rate (G) of the injected fuel quantity in the injector (12) as a difference between the flow rate (G) in the injection line (14) and the flow rate (G1k) in the leak line (16).
2. Method according to claim 1, further comprising the phases of: -determining a variation over time of a flow rate of fuel (G) in the injection line (14) as a function of the fuel pressure difference (Lp) measured in that line (14) and a variation over time of a flow rate of fuel (G1) in the leak line (16) as a function of the fuel pressure difference (ap1ek) measured in that line (16), -integrating over time the variation of a flow rate of fuel (G) in the injection line (14) to determine the flow rate (G) in that line (14) and integrating over time the variation of a flow rate of fuel (Giea) in the leak line (16) to determine the flow rate (Gieaic) in that line (16).
3. Method according to claim 1, in which the fuel pressure difference (Ap) in the injection line (14) is measured by means of two pressure sensors (17,18) in the injection line (14) and the fuel pressure difference (AP1k) in two different points of the leak line (16) is measured by means of two pressure sensors (21,22) in two different points of the leak line (16).
4. Method according to claim 2, in which the variation over time of the fuel flow rate in the injection line (14) and in the leak line (16) is determined by means of the following equaticn: A 2EGI2rd -2 1 SpA where O is the variation over time of the flow rate, A is the sectional area of the line (14,16), 1 is the distance between the two points of pressure measurement in the line (14,16), tsp is the pressure difference between two points of pressure measurement in the line (14, 16), 2 is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (14,16), 6 is the flow rate of fuel in the line (14,16), d is the diameter of the line (14,16) and,Z is the average density of the fuel.
5. Method according to claim 1, in which a quantity of fuel (Qthj) injected by an injector (12) is determined, for an injection, by integrating over time the flow rate (G) in the injection line (14) to determine a quantity of fuel (Q) through the injection S line (14) during the injection and integrating over time the flow rate (G1) in the leak line (16) to determine a quantity of fuel (Qi) through in the leak line (16) as a consequence of the injection, and determining the quantity of fuel (Qthj) injected by an injector (12) as a difference between the quantity of fuel (Q) through the injection line (14) and the quantity of fuel (Q) through the leak line (16).
6. Method for operating an internal combustion engine in which the flow rate (G j) of the inj ected fuel determined according to claims 1-5 is used to calibrate a subsequent injection.
7. Internal combustion engine (50) equipped with fuel injectors (12) receiving fuel from injection lines (14), the inj ectors having leak lines (16) for recovering fuel, the engine (50) having associated sensors (17,18;21,22) for the measurement of pressure differences in the injection line (14) and in the leak line (16), the engine (50) comprising an Electronic Control Unit (30) configured for carrying out the method according to claims 1-6.
8. A computer program comprising a computer-code suitable for performing the method according to any of the claims 1-6.
9. Computer program product on which the computer program according to claim 8 is stored.
10. Control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, corrprising an Electronic Control Unit (30), a data carrier (40) associated to the Electronic Control Unit (30) and a computer program according to claim 8 stored in the data carrier (40).
11. An electromagnetic signal modulated as a carrier for a sequence of data bits representing the computer program according to claim 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1100542.8A GB2487216A (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Determining the flow rate of injected fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1100542.8A GB2487216A (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Determining the flow rate of injected fuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201100542D0 GB201100542D0 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
| GB2487216A true GB2487216A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
Family
ID=43736371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1100542.8A Withdrawn GB2487216A (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Determining the flow rate of injected fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2487216A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190003414A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Injector delivery measurement with leakage correction |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1457668A2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-15 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine |
| US20060037586A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Method for adjusting the duration of fuel injection through an injection valve |
| US20080302174A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and apparatus for testing a gear-driven fuel pump on a fuel injected IC engine |
| US20090070004A1 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2009-03-12 | Denso Corporation | Fuel Injection Controller |
| DE102008048193A1 (en) * | 2008-09-20 | 2010-03-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Pre-control value determining method for pre-controlling fuel volume flow of metering device of high pressure pump in motor vehicle, involves adding fuel injection-, control- and leakage volume flow rates to entire fuel volume flow rate |
-
2011
- 2011-01-13 GB GB1100542.8A patent/GB2487216A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1457668A2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-15 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine |
| US20060037586A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Method for adjusting the duration of fuel injection through an injection valve |
| US20090070004A1 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2009-03-12 | Denso Corporation | Fuel Injection Controller |
| US20080302174A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and apparatus for testing a gear-driven fuel pump on a fuel injected IC engine |
| DE102008048193A1 (en) * | 2008-09-20 | 2010-03-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Pre-control value determining method for pre-controlling fuel volume flow of metering device of high pressure pump in motor vehicle, involves adding fuel injection-, control- and leakage volume flow rates to entire fuel volume flow rate |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190003414A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Injector delivery measurement with leakage correction |
| US10344703B2 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-07-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Injector delivery measurement with leakage correction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201100542D0 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |