GB2486458A - Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus - Google Patents
Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2486458A GB2486458A GB1021295.9A GB201021295A GB2486458A GB 2486458 A GB2486458 A GB 2486458A GB 201021295 A GB201021295 A GB 201021295A GB 2486458 A GB2486458 A GB 2486458A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- sensor
- water level
- wading
- measurement apparatus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940028444 muse Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N prostaglandin E1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(O)=O GMVPRGQOIOIIMI-DWKJAMRDSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000976416 Isatis tinctoria subsp. canescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/14—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of pressure
- G01F23/18—Indicating, recording or alarm devices actuated electrically
- G01F23/185—Indicating, recording or alarm devices actuated electrically for discrete levels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60F—VEHICLES FOR USE BOTH ON RAIL AND ON ROAD; AMPHIBIOUS OR LIKE VEHICLES; CONVERTIBLE VEHICLES
- B60F3/00—Amphibious vehicles, i.e. vehicles capable of travelling both on land and on water; Land vehicles capable of travelling under water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60F—VEHICLES FOR USE BOTH ON RAIL AND ON ROAD; AMPHIBIOUS OR LIKE VEHICLES; CONVERTIBLE VEHICLES
- B60F3/00—Amphibious vehicles, i.e. vehicles capable of travelling both on land and on water; Land vehicles capable of travelling under water
- B60F3/003—Parts or details of the vehicle structure; vehicle arrangements not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
- B60G17/01908—Acceleration or inclination sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/0195—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the regulation being combined with other vehicle control systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/80—Exterior conditions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
A wading vehicle 100 includes a hydrostatic pressure sensor 114 to measure water depth. The sensor 114 may communicate wirelessly with the vehicle by means of a tyre pressure measurement protocol and may be positioned in the vehicleâ s engine bay. The orientation of the vehicle may also be calculated.
Description
Wading vehicte depth measurement apparatus The present invention is concerned with an apparatus for measuring the water level relative to a vehicle body. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with the measurement of the water level of a wading vehicle and providing such information to a driver of the vehicle.
Off road vehicles are often required to travel through water to reach their intended destination. Travel through deep water (typically up to about 0.75m in depth) is known as "wading". Known off-road vehicles are design to wade, and comprise suitably sealed closures to avoid ingress of water into the passenger compartment.
The engine air intake is positioned at an elevated position (normally directly in front of and below the windscreen) to prevent water being ingested into the engine, and this intake will often dictate the maximum level of water relative to the body that the vehicle can wade through without risking water ingestion and engine damage.
Prior art methods of determining if the water level is safe to wade through include referring to depth gauges, e.g. permanent graduated poles situated within the water in the case of fords and measurement of the depth by the driver using a partially submerged stick or pole.
The former method requires such a pole to be present, and the latter method involves the driver exiting the vehicle. The latter method in particular will often not reveal the deepest point unless the driver wades in, which is undesirable and dangerous.
Both methods only reveal the absolute depth of the water (from the ground to the water surface). This is often not sufficient to make an accurate assessment of the vehicle's capability to pass. The knowledge that the driver requires is, instead, what the water level is relative to a point on the vehicle body (e.g. the air intake). The distance between the bottom of the vehicle tyres and the air intake is variable (due to suspension travel, tyre pressure variations etc) and as such with known methods the driver must take account of a potential margin of error in making his decision. This is undesirable as the driver may decide not to proceed through water which the vehicle is capable of wading through.
An aim of the present invention is to at least mitigate the above mentioned problems.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus comprising a vehicle component having a hydrostatic pressure sensor attached to an exposed surface to measure fluid pressure adjacent thereto in use.
By exposed surface, we mean a surface which is not only contactable by the environment in which the vehicle is immersed, but is immersed to a level representative of the level of fluid extemal to the vehicle. In other words, when the vehicle is wading, the level of fluid above the surface must be the same as the level of fluid external to the vehicle. For example, external surfaces of components in the engine bay are usually exposed surfaces. Preferably the sensor is positioned on a body component; i.e. a component which is substantially fixed in position relative to the engine air intake.
Advantageously, the level of water above the sensor will be generally proportional to the total pressure at the sensor. Therefore by monitoring the pressure at the sensor, and using the known location of the sensor on the vehicle body, the water level relative to the body can be determined.
Preferably the sensor is configured to transmit pressure data wirelessly, more preferably it is configured to communicate with the vehicle CAN bus with a TPMS protocol. The pressure sensor may be a TPMS (tyre pressure monitoring system) sensor. Advantageously, TPMS sensors are installed on many vehicles, and the vehicle CAN bus will be preconfigured to receive and process such data.
Preferably the sensor is positioned as low down on the vehicle body as possible, preferably near the sills. Preferably the sensor is positioned within the engine bay.
More than one sensor may be provided. A further sensor may be provided at a longitudinally spaced position on the vehicle (for example near the rear of the vehicle) to measure vehicle pitch relative to the water surface. A further sensor may be positioned transversely spaced from the first to measure roll relative to the water surface.
Further sensors may also be positioned to verify the reading of the first, or for redundancy.
Preferably the apparatus comprises a memory and a processor, the memory having software thereon configured to, when run by the processor, calculate a water level from the sensor pressure. The apparatus comprises a display configured to display to the driver the water level.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of estimating the water level relative to a wading vehicle comprising the steps of providing a vehicle, providing a hydrostatic pressure sensor on the vehicle, at least partially immersing the vehicle such that the hydrostatic pressure sensor is immersed, measuring a pressure using the sensor, estimating the water level from the pressure measured at the sensor.
Preferably the pressure and therefore level is continuously measured and displayed to the driver.
An example apparatus in accordance with the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures in which: FIGURE 1 is a schematic side view of a wading off-road vehicle comprising a first apparatus according to the present invention, FIGURE 2 is a detail view of a part of the vehicle of figure 1, FIGURE 3 is a schematic side view of a wading off-road vehicle comprising a second apparatus according to the present invention, and, FIGURE 4 is a schematic side view of a wading off-road vehicle comprising a third apparatus according to the present invention.
Referring to figure 1, a vehicle 100 comprises a body 102, a left front wheel 104 and a left rear wheel 106. The wheels 104, 106 (and their counterparts on the right hand side of the vehicle) are connected to the body 102 via a suspension (not shown). The body defines a sill 103 extending longitudinally between the wheels 104, 106.
The wheels can move relative to the body to define a ride height R between the lowermost point of the tyres (where they contact the ground) and the lowermost point on the body. The ride height R varies with suspension travel and may be varied by the driver (for example to move from a on-road mode when R is small to an off-road mode when R is large).
The body 102 comprises a windscreen 108 and a bonnet (or hood) 110 covering an engine bay. On the body 102 between the windscreen 108 and the bonnet 110 there is defined and engine intake orifice 112. The orifice is connected to the air filter and intake manifold of the engine (not shown). The intake orifice 112 is positioned at a height H from the lowermost part of the body 102.
The vehicle 100 is shown wading through water 12 at a water depth D from a ground level 10. The water depth D should be distinguished from the water level represented by L which is the level of the water above the lowermost point on the body 102.
It will be noted that although D can be measured (by a roadside gauge or a measuring stick), the distance L is unknown (as the ride height R can vary). In order to know whether the vehicle can be taken through the water, the distance between the intake orifice 112 of the water level 10 needs to be determined.
Referring to figure 2, the front section of the vehicle 100 is shown. An level sensing apparatus 114 according to the present invention is shown in hidden line and is positioned near the vehicle sill 103, within the engine bay on the engine bay bulkhead.
S The apparatus 114 is positioned below the air intake 112 as this is the critical component which should not be immersed in water when wading. The level sensing apparatus 114 comprises a fluid pressure transducer having a sensing surface exposed to the prevailing fluid (which in the case of figure 2 is the water 12).
The pressure transducer is configured to have a working range suitable for measuring a water level L slightly higher than height H (the maximum wading depth). A water depth of lm above the apparatus 114 will result in a pressure of 9810 Pa (or 0.098 1 bar or about 1.4psi). Therefore the pressure transducer has a working range of within 0 Pa gauge pressure to 0.1 bar gauge pressure.
The pressure transducer is configured to report a range of pressures rather than a simple binary signal, and as such the water level can be calculated and reported to the driver in real time, as opposed to simply telling the driver when a certain level has been exceeded.
According to the invention, a control / diagnostic system is provided (not shown) in which the hydrostatic pressure at the apparatus 114 is used to calculate the water level L, which is then displayed to the driver or used to operate other systems on the vehicle (e.g. a speed limiter). The water level above the apparatus 114 is calculated by dividing the measured hydrostatic pressure by the density of water (1000 kg/m3) multiplied by the gravitational constant (9.8 lmIs2). This is then added to the height of the apparatus 114 above the sill 103 to determine the depth.
Turning to figure 3, the vehicle 100 is shown comprising a PDC (parking distance control) sensor 126. The PDC sensor 126 is capable of detecting the presence of water and as such is used to activate the otherwise dormant apparatus 114.
Referring to figure 4, a vehicle 400 is shown similar to vehicle 100 but having an apparatus 414 positioned proximate the front bumper (i.e. not directly below an air intake 412). The apparatus 414 is positioned at a distance A from the intake 412 horizontally in the vehicle body local coordinate system. As shown, the vehicle 400 is backing down an inclined ramp 6 with a water level 12.
As can be seen, the apparatus 414 will only report a water level L', when it is the water level L directly below the intake 412 that is important.
A vehicle inclination sensor 450 is provided, and can measure an inclination angle B. Because the distance A is known, the level L can be calculated from the level L' by the calculation L = L' + A.tan(B).
Claims (10)
- Ctaims 1. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus comprising a vehicle component having a hydrostatic pressure sensor attached to an exposed surface to measure fluid pressure adjacent thereto in use.
- 2. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus according to claim 1 in which the sensor is positioned on a body component fixed relative to the engine air intake muse.
- 3. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 in which the sensor is configured to transmit data indicative of the water level wirelessly.
- 4. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus according to claim 3 is configured to communicate with the vehicle CAN bus with a TPMS protocol.
- 5. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus according to claim 4 in which the pressure sensor is a TPMS sensor.
- 6. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus according to any preceding claim in which the sensor is positioned near a vehicle sill.
- 7. A wading vehicle water level measurement apparatus according to any preceding claim in which the sensor is positioned in the engine bay.
- 8. A vehicle comprising an apparatus according to any preceding claim.
- 9. A vehicle according to claim 8 comprising a further apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 7 and a control system configured to calculate an angular orientation of the vehicle using the measurements from the apparatus and the further apparatus.
- 10. A method of estimating the water level relative to a wading vehicle comprising the steps of: providing a vehicle, providing a hydrostatic pressure sensor on the vehicle, at least partially immersing the vehicle such that the hydrostatic pressure sensor is immersed, measuring a pressure using the sensor, estimating the water level from the pressure measured at the sensor.
Priority Applications (41)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1021295.9A GB2486458A (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
GB201121622A GB2486958B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading depth estimation |
PCT/EP2011/072991 WO2012080432A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
US13/994,542 US20140184247A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
GB201121629A GB2487112B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle orientation device and method |
US13/994,563 US9815369B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
US13/994,565 US9302586B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
GB201121620A GB2486957B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle display |
PCT/EP2011/072998 WO2012080439A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Ultrasonic wading detection for a vehicle |
EP11817315.2A EP2652457A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Ultrasonic wading detection for a vehicle |
US13/994,483 US9821659B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Ultrasonic wading detection for a vehicle |
PCT/EP2011/072988 WO2012080430A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
PCT/EP2011/072990 WO2012080431A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle orientation device and method |
PCT/EP2011/072999 WO2012080440A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading detection system for a vehicle |
US13/994,504 US9884555B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle control system |
US13/994,586 US9827853B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle advisory speed display |
GB201121621A GB2486790B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | System for a vehicle |
GB201121623A GB2486577B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
PCT/EP2011/072997 WO2012080438A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading depth estimation for a vehicle |
PCT/EP2011/072994 WO2012080435A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
EP11811337.2A EP2652454B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle control system |
GB201121618A GB2486789B8 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle advisory speed display |
PCT/EP2011/072986 WO2012080429A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle control system |
PCT/EP2011/072992 WO2012080433A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
EP11824259.3A EP2652459B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
GB201121626A GB2486580B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading depth measurement apparatus 1 |
US13/994,492 US9291491B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading detection system for a vehicle |
EP11807663.7A EP2652453B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading detection system for a vehicle |
EP11817314.5A EP2652456A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
US13/994,581 US9597961B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
PCT/EP2011/072996 WO2012080437A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle advisory speed display |
EP11811338.0A EP2652455B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle advisory speed display |
US13/994,546 US9533575B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle orientation device and method |
GB201121625A GB2486579B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | System for a vehicle |
EP11807662.9A EP2673596B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading depth estimation for a vehicle |
EP11805822.1A EP2652452A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle orientation device and method |
GB201121624A GB2486578B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Vehicle control system |
GB201121619A GB2486956B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
EP11822864.2A EP2652458A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
EP11826130.4A EP2652460B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading vehicle water level display |
US13/994,507 US9026310B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Wading depth estimation for a vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1021295.9A GB2486458A (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB201021295D0 GB201021295D0 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
GB2486458A true GB2486458A (en) | 2012-06-20 |
Family
ID=43567260
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1021295.9A Withdrawn GB2486458A (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Wading vehicle depth measurement apparatus |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2486458A (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2356602A (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-30 | Rover Group | Vehicle having means to detect the state of a bow wave created while wading |
RU2168419C1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-06-10 | Общевойсковая Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации | Amphibious vehicle |
GB2376929A (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2002-12-31 | Ford Global Tech Inc | Detecting if a vehicle is at least partially immersed in water |
US20050170710A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2005-08-04 | Darby Christopher P. | Amphibious vehicle |
-
2010
- 2010-12-15 GB GB1021295.9A patent/GB2486458A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2356602A (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-30 | Rover Group | Vehicle having means to detect the state of a bow wave created while wading |
RU2168419C1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-06-10 | Общевойсковая Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации | Amphibious vehicle |
GB2376929A (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2002-12-31 | Ford Global Tech Inc | Detecting if a vehicle is at least partially immersed in water |
US20050170710A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2005-08-04 | Darby Christopher P. | Amphibious vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201021295D0 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |