GB2482611A

GB2482611A - Adjustable child seat and stroller apparatus

Info

Publication number: GB2482611A
Application number: GB1113510.0A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Zong Wang Cui; Linzhen Zheng; Qingmei Tan
Original assignee: Wonderland Nurserygoods Co Ltd Hong Kong
Current assignee: Wonderland Nurserygoods Co Ltd Hong Kong
Priority date: 2010-08-07
Filing date: 2011-08-04
Publication date: 2012-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-04
Also published as: CN102372019A; CN102372019B; GB201113510D0; GB2482611B

Abstract

A child seat 10 suitable for use with a stroller apparatus (20, figure 11) comprises a seat frame 11, a fabric element 12, a backrest board 14, a seat board 15, and a leg resting board 16. The fabric element is coupled with the seat frame, and is respectively connected with the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board. The backrest board has opposite first and second portions, and the seat board has opposite third and fourth portions. The first portion of the backrest board is adjustable to lie substantially adjacent to and join with an upper portion of the seat frame, the second portion of the backrest board is pivotally connected with the third portion of the seat board, and the fourth portion of the seat board is pivotally connected with the leg resting board via a pivotal connection that is adapted to detachably couple with the seat frame. The leg resting board also has another portion opposite to the pivotal connection that is adjustable to lie adjacent to a lower portion of the seat frame. The child seat can be convenient to operate, and adjustable to receive a child in a position lying down horizontally (figure 2) or in a sitting position.

Description

CHILD SEAT AND STROLLER APPARATUS

[0001] This application claims priority of China patent application no. 20101 0249497.2 filed on August 7, 2010.

[0002] The present invention relates to child care apparatuses, and more particularly to child seats suitable for use with stroller apparatuses.

[0003] Child stroller apparatuses are commonly used to walk a child in a convenient manner. Because the stroller is used for young children, safety design is of fundamental importance. Accordingly, legislation and standard rules have been set to ensure that the stroller is constructed with proper safety features. In addition to safety aspects, it is also desirable that the stroller provides a comfortable environment for the child, and is convenient to operate.

[0004] Most current child strollers are constructed to inbiude a stroller frame, wheels and a seat. The wheels can be connected with lower portions of the stroller frame to allow displacement of the stroller. Convenience features of the stroller usually include a foldable canopy that can provide shading and isolate the child from the surrounding environment, and a basket placed behind the seat at a lower position for disposing diverse objects. In addition, most currently available strollers can also be adjustable to two configurations that allow to install the child either in a seated position, or in a position lying down horizontally. For this purpose, the backrest portion is usually pivotally connected with the seat board, and is adjustable to increase an angle between the backrest portion and the seat board so that the child can lie down horizontally. However, the current designs usually cannot adjust the backrest portion to an angle of 180 degrees relative to the seat board, such that the child cannot lie down in a comfortable position.

[00051 Therefore, there is a need for an improved child seat that is convenient to use, allows adjustable configurations and address at least the foregoing issues.

10006] The present application describes a child seat that is suitable for use with a stroller apparatus. The child seat can be convenient to operate, and adjustable to receive a child in a position lying down horizontally.

100071 In one embodiment, the child seat comprises a seat frame, a fabric element, a backrest board, a seat board, and a leg resting board. The fabric element is coupled with the seat frame, and is respectively connected with the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board. The backrest board has opposite first and second portions, and the seat board has opposite third and fourth portions. The first portion of the backrest board is adjustable to lie substantially adjacent to an upper portion of the seat frame, the second portion of the backrest board is pivotally connected with the third portion of the seat board, and the fourth portion of the seat board is pivotally connected with the leg resting board via a pivotal connection that is adapted to detachably couple with the seat frame.

[00081 In another embodiment, a child stroller apparatus is described. The stroller apparatus comprises a stroller frame, and a child seat installed on the stroller frame and operable to switch between a first configuration adapted to receive a child lying substantially horizontal, and a second configuration adapted to receive a child in a seating position. The child seat comprises a seat frame, a fabric element, a backrest board, a seat board, and a leg resting board. The fabric element is coupled with the seat frame, and is respectively connected with the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board. The backrest board has opposite first and second portions, and the seat board has opposite third and fourth portions. The first portion of the backrest board is adjustable to lie substantially adjacent to an upper portion of the seat frame, the second portion of the backrest board is pivotally connected with the third portion of the seat board, and the fourth portion of the seat board is pivotally connected with the leg resting board via a pivotal connection that is adapted to detachably couple with the seat frame. When the child seat is in the first configuration, the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board are in a same plane and the fabric element forms a region adapted to receive a child in a position lying substantially horizontal. When the child seat is in the second configuration, the backrest board is erected at an angle from the seat board and the leg resting board is inclined an angle relative to the seat board.

[0009] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: [0010] Figure 1 is a side view illustrating one embodiment of a child seat suitable for use with a child stroller apparatus; [0011] Figure 2 is a side view illustrating the child seat in another configuration; [00121 Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating a portion of the child seat; [00131 Figure 4 is a bottom view of the child seat; [00141 Figure 5 is a schematic enlarged view of the child seat; 100151 Figure 6 is a schematic enlarged view illustrating the assembly of a bar linkage with a seat frame in the child seat; [00161 Figure 7 is an exploded view showing the bar linkage and the seat frame illustrated in Figure 6; 10017] Figure 8 is a schematic view illustrating the child seat in one configuration; [0018] Figure 9 is a schematic view illustrating the child seat in another configuration; 10019] Figure 10 is a schematic view illustrating a child stroller apparatus; and [0020] Figure 11 is a partial exploded view of the child stroller apparatus.

[0021] Figures 1 through 11 are schematic views illustrating the construction of a child seat 10 suitable for use with a child stroller apparatus 20. The child stroller apparatus 20 has a stroller frame comprised of a front leg frame 21, a rear leg frame 22 and support brackets 23 pivotally connected with the front leg frame 21. In one embodiment, each of the support brackets 23 can be constructed as a generally horizontal support element in use. Each of the support brackets 23 can have a front end pivotally connected with the rear leg frame 22, and a rear end pivotally connected with the front leg frame 21. The support brackets 23 of the stroller apparatus 20 can be adapted to detachably assemble with the child seat 10. The child seat 10 can be adjusted to two configurations: a configuration suitable for seating a child, and a configuration suitable to receive the child lying substantially horizontal.

[0022] The child seat 10 can comprise a seat frame 11, a fabric element 12, a support frame 13, a backrest board 14, a seat board 15, and a leg resting board 16. The seat frame 11 can include a backrest portion 112 located at an upper region, and a seat portion 113 connected with a lower side of the backrest portion 112. The support frame 13 can have a reverse U-shape having two side segments mounted with the seat frame 11 so that it is partly supported behind the backrest board 14. The support frame 13 is assembled with a middle region of the seat frame 11. The fabric element 12 can be connected with the seat frame 11, and connected with the backrest board 14, the seat board 15, and the leg resting board 16. In particular, the fabric element 12 can have a peripheral region 122 and a bottom region 123. The peripheral region 122 is upwardly affixed with the seat frame 11, and downwardly connected with the bottom region 123.

The peripheral region 122 and the bottom region 123 of the fabric element 12 can define a space adapted to receive a child either in a seating position or lying down horizontal.

The bottom region 123 can have a first portion, a second portion and a third portion successively connected with one another. The first, second and third portions respectively include accommodating spaces to respectively receive the backrest board 14, the seat board 15, and the leg resting board 16. As a result, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15, and the leg resting board 16 can be spaced apart from one another and pivotally connected with one another via the fabric element 12. Moreover, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15, and the leg resting board 16 do not overlap with one another, and can be positioned coplanar. As shown in Figure 2, when they are positioned in a same plane, each of the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 can have two sides respectively connected to the seat frame 11 through the fabric element 12. Moreover, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 define respective planes that are generally parallel to one another. In alternate embodiments, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 can also be positioned in different planes.

100231 In other embodiments, the fabric element 12 can be constructed without the bottom region 123 so that only the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 is connected with the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16, respectively. In this case, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 can be pivotally connected with one another via pivot joints.

[00241 Referring to Figures 1 through 5, the backrest board 14 of the child seat 10 can have a portion located opposite to the backrest portion 112 of the seat frame 11.

The peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 can have an upper portion connected between the upper portion of the seat frame 11 and the backrest board 14. Moreover, the upper portion of the peripheral region 122 can have a first slit (not shown) through which is passed a first strap fastener 121. The first strap fastener 121 can have two ends respectively connected with the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 and a portion of the bottom region 123. The first strap fastener 121 can be formed as a hook and loop fastener including a ioop tape 1211 at an upper end portion, and a hook tape 1212 at a lower end portion. When the first strap fastener 121 is installed through the first slit, the loop tape 1211 is located above the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 and adjacent to the backrest portion 112 of the seat frame 11, whereas the hook tape 1212 is located at a first region of the bottom region 123 of the fabric element 12. When the ioop tape 1211 and the hook tape 1212 of the first strap fastener 121 are attached with each other, an end portion of the backrest board 14 can be adjustably pulled by the first strap fastener 121 to lie substantially adjacent to and join with the backrest portion of the seat frame 11. When the loop tape 1211 is detached from the hook tape 1212, the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 can have a portion that is exposed outward between the upper portions of the seat frame 11 and the backrest board 14. Moreover, a portion of the backrest board 14 can be kept at a distance from the upper portion of the seat frame 11 when the loop tape 1211 and the hook tape 1212 of the first strap fastener 121 are detached from each other. The backrest board 14 can also have another end portion remote from the upper portion of the seat frame 11 that is pivotally connected with the seat board 15 through the fabric element 12, whereby the backrest board 14 can be rotated for adjustment relative to the seat board 15. Preferably, the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 is positioned at an upper opening of the first slit so that a portion of the loop tape 1211 passing there-through can be mounted with a ring fastener (not shown). The loop tape 1211 can also pass through the ring fastener while attaching with the hook tape 1212, which can reinforce the attachment between the loop tape 1211 and the hook tape 1212.

In this embodiment, the first strap fastener 121 can be placed at a middle of the upper portion of the seat frame 11. In other embodiments, the first strap fastener can include two portions respectively provided at two sides of the upper end of the seat frame 11.

The first strap fastener is not limited to the foregoing construction. In particular, the child seat 10 can further include a fastener strap 131 that is positioned at an underside of a bottom region of the fabric element 12 so as to secure the support frame 13 with the backrest board 14 at a position adjacent to the seat board 15. Preferably, the fastener strap 131 is placed at a middle of the support frame 13. However, in other embodiments, the fastener strap 131 can also be provided at each of two sides of the support frame 13 if needed.

10025] Referring to Figures 1 through 7, the seat board 15 can have a portion remote to the backrest board 14 that is passed through the fabric element 12 to connect with the leg resting board 16, whereby the seat board 15 can be rotated relative to the backrest board 14. Preferably, a lock structure 18 can be provided at the pivot connection between the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16. The seat portion 113 of the seat frame 11 can have twO sides mounted with connecting elements 111.

The connecting elements 111 can be detachably installed on the two sides of the seat frame 11, or fixedly connected with the two sides of the seat portion 113. The lock structure 18 can include a bar linkage 181, two springs 182 and two latching elements 183. The two latching elements 183 are respectively assembled around two ends of the bar linkage 181. Each of the latching elements 183 can have a hollow interior 1831 in which is mounted one associated spring 182. Each spring 182 can have a first end connected with an end of the bar linkage 181, and a second end connected with an inner sidewall of the hollow interior 1831 of the associated latching element 183. The bar linkage 181 can be detachably mounted with the connecting elements 111 via the latching elements 183. More particularly, each of the connecting elements 111 can respectively have a slot 1111 adapted to receive one associated latching element 183.

The bar linkage 181 can be mounted through the fabric element 12, whereas the latching elements 183 can be movably assembled with the bar linkage 181 and biased to locked positions via the springs 182. The latching elements 183 can be displaced relative to the bar linkage 181 toward a central region thereof, and then be placed in the slots 1111 of the connecting elements 111. Owing to the biasing action of the springs 182, the latching elements 183 can be kept engaged with the slots 1111. As a result, the lock structure 18 can be engaged with the seat frame 11 via the cooperation of the latching elements 183 and the springs 182.

100261 Referring to Figures 1 through 11, the child seat 10 can further include a second strap fastener 171 that has two ends respectively connected with a lower portion of the peripheral region 122 adjacent to the seat portion 113. A lower portion of the leg resting board 16 can be detachably joined with a lower portion of the seat frame 11 via the second strap fastener 171. More specifically, as shown in Figure 8, the second strap fastener 171 can be similar to the first strap fastener 121 in construction, having two ends respectively provided with loop and hook tapes. The lower portion of the leg resting board 16 can be adjusted to lie substantially adjacent and join with the lower portion of the seat frame 11 by attaching together the loop and hook tapes of the second strap fastener 171. In this manner, the leg resting board 16 and the lower edge of the seat portion can be placed substantially in a same plane. As a result, when a taller child is installed on the child seat 10, the lower legs of the child can be supported on a leg resting board of greater length, which provides more comfort. Preferably, the child seat 10 can further include a mount element 19 provided on the seat frame 11 through which it can be detachably assembled with the stroller apparatus 20.

100271 Exemplary use of the child seat 10 is described hereafter with reference to Figures 1 through 11.

100281 As shown in Figure 2, when the child seat 10 is installed on the stroller apparatus 20 via the mount element 19 and is arranged in a first configuration where the child is lying horizontally, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 are placed in a same plane that is substantially parallel to the plane in which the seat frame 11 extends. Moreover, the peripheral region 122 and the bottom region 123 of the fabric element 12 (corresponding the regions of the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16) can form a space adapted to receive a child in a position lying down horizontally.

100291 When the child seat 10 is turned to a second configuration for seating a child, the loop tape 1211 and the hook tape 1212 of the first strap fastener 121 can be attached with each other to pull up a portion of the backrest board 14, which cause the backrest board 14 to lie substantially adjacent and join with an upper portion of the backrest portion 112. The lock structure 18 then can be moved upward to connect with the connecting elements 111 of the seat frame 10. The latching elements 183 can be caused to slide toward the middle of the bar linkage 181 to unlocked positions until they become respectively aligned with the slots 1111 of the connecting elements 111.

The springs 182 then can bias the latching elements 183 toward the locked positions to engage with the slots 1111' of the connecting elements 111. As the lock structure 18 is moving upward, the backrest board 14 can be connected with the seat board 15 at an erected position that may be inclined an angle so that the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 can form a space adapted to receive a child in a seating configuration. In addition, the leg resting board 16 èan be connected with the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12 at an angle to define a leg resting area. In this configuration, the child seat 10 is adapted to receive a child in a seated position, and the legs of the child can be placed in the leg resting area. Moreover, the support frame 13 can be connected with a lower end of the backrest board 14 via the fastener strap 131 to sustain its bottom and prevent the child from falling outside the child seat 10. When the child seat 10 is used to seat a child of older age, or when the legs of the child cannot be placed in the leg resting area, the ioop and hook tapes of the second strap fastener 171 can be attached with each other to cause the lower portion of the leg resting board 16 to lie adjacent to the lower portion of the seat frame 11. In this configuration, the leg resting board 16 and the lower edge of the seat portion can be positioned substantially in a same plane for placing the legs of a child of higher age.

100301 When the child seat 10 is to be turned to a configuration adapted to receive a child lying substantially horizontal, the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 are placed in a same plane that is substantially parallel to the plane of the seat frame 11. More specifically, the loop tape 1211 and the hook tape 1212 of the first strap fastener 121 can detached from each other. Then, the peripheral region 122 that is connected between a portion of the backrest board 14 and the upper end of the seat frame 11 can be exposed, so that the backrest board 14 can be kept at a distance from the upper end of the seat frame 11. In the meantime, the latching elements 183 can be pushed to slide toward a middle of the bar linkage 181 and compress the springs 182. As a result, the latching elements 183 can respectively disengage from the slots 1111 of the connecting elements 111, and the lock structure 18 can dismount from the seat frame 11. The loop and hook tapes of the second strap fastener 171 can also be detached from each other for exposing the peripheral region 122 of the fabric element 12, such that the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16 are arranged in a same plane. Owing to the connection of the fabric element 12 between the backrest board 14, the seat board 15, the leg resting board 16 and the seat frame 11, the peripheral region 122 and the bottom region 123 of the fabric element 12 (including the backrest board 14, the seat board 15 and the leg resting board 16) can define space adapted to receive a child lying horizontally.

100311 In the child seat described herein, the fabric element is stretched over the seat frame and is respectively connected with the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board. In other words, the fabric element connects together the seat frame, the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board. When the child is placed on the child seat, a portion of the backrest board can be connected with the seat frame, and the pivotal connection between the seat board and the leg resting board can be assembled with the seat frame so that the child can be seated in a comfortable position.

When the child needs to rest horizontal, the connecting region between the backrest board and the seat frame can be dismounted as well as the cOnnection between the seat board and the leg resting board. In this configuration, the seat frame, the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board can be positioned substantially in a same plane owing to the connection of the fabric element with the seat frame, the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board. Accordingly, the child can be laid down horizontally in a comfortable position.

100321 Realizations in accordance with the present invention therefore have been described only in the context of particular embodiments. These embodiments are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims that follow.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A child seat suitable for use with a stroller apparatus, comprising: a seat frame, a fabric element, a backrest board, a seat board, and a leg resting board; the fabric element being coupled with the seat frame, and respectively connected with the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board; the backrest board having opposite first and second portions, and the seat board having opposite third and fourth portions; the first portion of the backrest board being adjustable to lie substantially adjacent to an upper portion of the seat frame, the second portion of the backrest board being pivotally connected with the third portion of the seat board, and the fourth portion of the seat board being pivotally connected with the leg resting board via a pivotal connection that is adapted to detachably assemble with the seat frame.
2. The child seat according to claim 1, wherein the first portion of the backrest board is adjustable to a position adjacent to join an upper portion of the seat frame.
3. The child seat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the leg resting board is adjustable to a position substantially adjacent to a lower portion of the seat frame.
4. The child seat according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pivotal connection between the seat board and the leg resting board includes a lock structure that is adapted to detachably assemble with a plurality of connecting elements provided on the seat frame.
5. The child seat according to claim 4, wherein the lock structure includes a bar linkage, latching elements respectively assembled movably with two end portions of the bar linkage, and a plurality of springs respectively connected between the latching elements and the bar linkage, the latching elements being adapted to detachably engage with the associated connecting elements.
6. The child seat according to claim 5, wherein each of the latching elements includes a hollow interior in which is assembled one of the springs, the spring having a first end connected with the bar linkage, and a second end connected with the associated latching element.
7. The child seat according to any preceding claim, further comprising a first strap fastener, the fabric element being connected between the upper portion of the seat frame and the first portion of the backrest board, the first strap fastener having two portions respectively connected with the fabric element and the backrest board, wherein the first portion of the backrest board is adjustable to adjacently join with the upper portion of the seat frame by attaching together the two portions of the first strap fastener.
8. The child seat according to claim 7, wherein the two portions of the first strap fastener include loop and hook tapes adapted to attach with each other.
9. The child seat according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first strap fastener is mounted adjacent to a middle of the upper portion of the seat frame.
10. The child seat according to any preceding claim, further comprising a support frame having a reverse U-shape with two side segments respectively connected with the seat frame.
11. The child seat according to claim 10, further comprising a fastener strap adapted to affix the backrest board with the support frame.
12. The child seat according to any preceding claim, further comprising a second strap fastener, the fabric element being connected between the leg resting board and a lower portion of the seat frame, the second strap fastener having two portions respectively connected with the fabric element and the leg resting board, wherein the leg resting board is adjustable to adjacently join with the lower portion of the seat frame by attaching together the two portions of the second strap fastener.
13. The child seat according to any preceding claim, further comprising a mount element provided on the seat frame and adapted to detachably assemble the child seat with a stroller apparatus.
14. A child stroller apparatus comprising: astrollerframe; and a child seat installed on the stroller frame and operable to switch between a first configuration adapted to receive a child lying substantially horizontal, and a second configuration adapted to receive a child in a seating position, the child seat comprising a seat frame, a fabric element, a backrest board, a seat board, and a leg resting board; the fabric element being coupled with the seat frame, and respectively connected with the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board; the backrest board having opposite first and second portions, and the seat board having opposite third and fourth portions; S the first portion of the backrest board being adjustable to lie substantially adjacent to an upper portion of the seat frame, the second portion of the backrest board being pivotally connected with the third portion of the seat board, and the fourth portion of the seat board being pivotally connected with the leg resting board via a pivotal connection that is adapted to detachably couple with the seat frame; wherein the backrest board, the seat board and the leg resting board are in a same plane and the fabric element forms a region adapted to receive a child lying horizontal when the child seat is in the first configuration; and the backrest board is erected at an angle from the seat board and the leg resting board is inclined an angle relative to the seat board when the child seat is in the second configuration.
15. The child stroller apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the leg resting board has opposite fifth and sixth portions, the fifth portion of the leg resting board being pivotally connected with the fourth portion of the seat board, and the sixth portion of the leg resting board being adjustable to lie substantially adjacent to a lower portion of the seat frame, whereby the leg resting board and the lower portion of the seat frame are positioned in a same plane.
16. The child stroller apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising a first strap fastener, the first strap fastener having two portions respectively connected with the fabric element and the backrest board, the first portion of the backrest board being adjacently joined with the upper portion of the seat frame when the two portions of the first strap fastener are attached with each other.
17. The child stroller apparatus according to claim 14, 15 or 16, wherein the pivotal connection between the seat board and the leg resting board is detachably mounted with the seat frame, and the seat board, the leg resting board and the fabric element forming a footrest region.
18. The child stroller apparatus according to claim 17., wherein the pivotal connection between the seat board and the leg resting board includes a lock structure that is adapted to detachably assemble with a plurality of connecting elements provided on the seat frame.
19. The child stroller apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the lock structure includes a bar linkage, latching elements respectively assembled movably with two end portions of the bar linkage, and a plurality of springs respectively connected between the latching elements and the bar linkage, the latching elements being adapted to detachably engage with the connecting elements.
20. The child stroller apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 19, further comprising a second strap fastener having two portions respectively connected with the fabric element and the leg resting board, wherein the leg resting board is adjustablc to lie substantially adjacent to the lower portion of the seat frame by attaching together the two portions of the second strap fastener.
21. The child stroller apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 20, wherein the seat frame includes a backrest portion located at an upper position, and a seat portion connected with a lower side of the backrest portion, the backrest board being located at a position corresponding to the backrest portion, and the seat board and the leg resting board being positioned corresponding to the seat portion.
22. The child stroller apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the support frame has two side segments assembled with the seat frame and is partly positioned at a rear of the backrest board.
23. A child seat suitable for use with a stroller apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
24. A child stroller apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.