GB2476582A - Axial rod and spider wind turbine blade pitch control for tangentially mounted blades - Google Patents

Axial rod and spider wind turbine blade pitch control for tangentially mounted blades Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2476582A
GB2476582A GB1021821A GB201021821A GB2476582A GB 2476582 A GB2476582 A GB 2476582A GB 1021821 A GB1021821 A GB 1021821A GB 201021821 A GB201021821 A GB 201021821A GB 2476582 A GB2476582 A GB 2476582A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
blade
hub
wind turbine
swivel
swivel guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1021821A
Other versions
GB201021821D0 (en
Inventor
Joseph Francis Goodfellow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
C & F Tooling Ltd
Original Assignee
C & F Tooling Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by C & F Tooling Ltd filed Critical C & F Tooling Ltd
Publication of GB201021821D0 publication Critical patent/GB201021821D0/en
Publication of GB2476582A publication Critical patent/GB2476582A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/72—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis parallel to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/76—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism using auxiliary power sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/327—Rotor or generator speeds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y02E10/721—
    • Y02E10/723—

Abstract

A wind turbine blade pitch control arrangement 2 includes a hub 7, at least one blade 8 pivotally mounted tangentially on the hub for swiveling about a longitudinal blade pitch axis and a pitching mechanism 10 within the hub. The mechanism comprises an actuating rod 12 axially displaceable within the main shaft 37 and a swivel guide 24 or spider attached to the rod within the hub. Each blade root 9 has a link arras 26 bearing a pin 29 slidably engaged in slots 30 in the swivel guide such that axial rod movement causes blade pitching. Rod displacement is by an electric screw and a pivot arm at the opposite end of the main shaft on the far side of a generator. A processor uses turbine rpm, pitch and slew positions, vibration, temperature and wind direction as inputs to optimize output. There may be a battery back-up for the electronics and mechanical, e.g. gas spring, failsafe blade feathering.

Description

"A Wind Turbine Blade Assembly"
Introduction
This invention relates to a wind turbine blade assembly and in particular, to a blade pitches control arrangement for the blade assembly.
Wind turbines are devices which convert the kinetic energy in wind into useful energy such as electricity. A wind turbine generally comprises of a rotor hub having plurality of airfoil shaped blades, an alternator, and a supporting structure. The wind turbine blades are oriented in such a position that the wind passing over the blades turns the rotor and rotates the shaft, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. Blade pitch control arrangement for the blade assembly is of paramount importance to the functioning of wind turbine as a machine. Uncontrolled or not-so-properly controlled blade assembly results in malfunctioning or break-down of many wind turbine parts, especially when the aerodynamic power produced by the blades is excessively high.
The current pitch control arrangements for the blade assembly are very complicated, and are very costly to manufacture and maintain.
It is desirable that a simple, efficient and easy-to-operate mechanism is devised to control and adjust the pitch of the blade assembly in such a way that it produces desired/optimum rotor speed to generate electricity.
The present invention is directed towards providing, inter alia, a simple and efficient pitch control arrangement for blades of wind turbine.
Statements of Invention
According to the invention, there is provided a wind turbine blade assembly including: a hub; at least one blade pivotally mounted on the hub for swiveling about a longitudinal axis of the blade; a blade swivel mechanism housed within the hub and operably connected to each blade for swivelling the blade on the hub; and an actuating means for operation of the blade swivel mechanism.
One of the advantages of the blade swivel mechanism an envisaged invention is that it is very simple as far as manufacturing and operation are concerned.
Another advantage of the invention is that from a manufacturing point of view, it is very cost effective.
One more advantage of the invention is that all the moving parts of the pitch control arrangement are sealed and protected within the hub.
In one embodiment of the invention, the blade swivel mechanism comprises a swivel guide which is movable through the hub, said swivel guide being connected to each blade by a drive connector which is operable in response to movement of the swivel guide through the hub to swivel the blade on the hub.
In another embodiment, the drive connector comprises a link arm connected between the blade and swivel guide such that movement of the swivel guide within the hub causes the link arm to pivot within the hub.
In another embodiment, an outer end of the link arm is fixed to the blade and an inner end of the link arm pivotally and slidably engages the swivel guide.
In a preferred embodiment, a pin at the inner end of the link arm slidably and pivotally engages a complementary guide slot in the swivel guide.
In another embodiment, the actuating means comprises an actuating rod connected to the swivel guide and drive means for driving the rod for movement of the swivel guide through the hub.
In another embodiment, the actuating rod is axially movable through the hub.
In another embodiment the actuating rod is mounted within a propeller shaft extending from the hub, the rod being axially movable within a central bore of the propeller shaft.
In a further embodiment, each blade is mounted on the hub such that a swivel axis of the blade is offset from a central rotational axis of the hub.
In another embodiment, the hub comprises a two-part metal casting of clam shell construction.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be more clearly understood by the following description of some embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a wind turbine incorporating a blade assembly of the invention; Fig. 2 is sectional elevational view of the wind turbine; Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view showing a blade swivel mechanism of the blade assembly; Fig. 4 is a partially exploded detail perspective view showing a hub of the blade assembly; and Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail sectional elevational view showing portion of actuating means for the blade assembly.
Detailed Description of the Drawings
Referring to the drawings, there is shown a wind turbine according to the invention indicated generally by the reference numeral 1. The wind turbine 1 incorporates a blade assembly indicated generally by the reference numeral 2 in accordance with the present invention. The wind turbine 1 has a chassis 4 on which an alternator S is mounted. The blade assembly 2 is operable to drive a rotor of the alternator S. The blade assembly 2 has a hub 7. A number of blades 8 extend outwardly from the hub 7. In some of the drawings, only an inner root portion of each blade 8 is shown. In this case, three blades 8 are provided. Each blade 8 has a pivot shaft 9 at its inner end which is pivotally mounted on the hub 7 for swivelling about a longitudinal axis of the blade 8. A blade swivel mechanism 10 housed within the hub 7 is operably connected to each blade 8 for swivelling the blade 8 in the hub 7. An actuating rod 12 for operation of the blade swivel mechanism 10 extends outwardly from the hub 7 through the chassis 4 and is connected by a pivoting link arm 14 with an electric screw mechanism 15 for moving the rod 12 axially back and forth.
Referring in particular to Fig. 3 the hub 7 and blade swivel mechanism 10 is shown in more detail. The hub 7 essentially comprises a two-part metal casting of calm shell construction comprising an inner part 20 and an outer part 21. These two parts 20, 21 are bolted together. A generally cylindrical chamber 22 is provided within the hub 7. A swivel guide 24 is movable through the chamber 22. A link arm 26 has an outer end 27 fixed to the shaft 9 of the blade 8. An inner end 28 of the link arm 26 has a pin 29 which slidably and pivotally engages a complimentary radial guide slot 30 in the swivel guide 24. Each blade 8 is similarly connected to the swivel guide 24. Thus, it will be appreciated that movement of swivel guide 24 through the chamber 22 causes each of the levers 26 to rotate thus simultaneously swivelling the blades 8 to which they are attached on the hub 7.
Movement of the swivel guide 24 through the hub 7 is controlled by the actuating rod 12. An outer end 35 of the actuating rod 12 is attached to the swivel guide 24. The actuating rod 12 is mounted within a propeller shaft 37 which extends inwardly from the hub 7 and is connected via a coupling 38 with a drive shaft 39 of the alternator 5. This drive shaft 39 carries the rotor of the alternator 5. Axial bores 40, 41 in the propeller shaft 37 and drive shaft 39 allow through-passage of the actuating rod 12.
Referring in particular to Figs. 2 and 5, the link arm 14 is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 44 on a mounting bracket 45 on the chassis 4. A lower end 46 of the link arm 14 pivotally and slidably engages an outer end 47 of the actuating rod 12. A pivot pin 49 pivotally connects an upper end 50 of the link arm 14 with the electric screw 15 which is mounted on the chassis 4. The electric screw 15 is operable to pivot the link arm 14 to push and pull the actuating rod 12 for movement of the swivel guide 24 through the hub 7 in order to control the pitch of the blades 8.
It will be noted in particular from Fig. 4 that a swivel axis of each blade 8, that is a rotational axis of each shaft 9, is offset from a central rotational axis of the hub 7.
An electronic control system is provided for control of the blade pitch mechanism.
The control system consists of a microprocessor with inputs and outputs. Various inputs such as turbine rpm, pitch position, slew position, vibration, temperature and wind direction may be provided. After analyzing the various inputs, the system determines the pitch and slew positions of the blades 8 to harvest the most wind without over-speeding. In the event of an error condition, the machine will come to a stop. A text display may be employed to indicate the various conditions of the turbine 1. The system is driven by 24 volt DC provided by an AC mains power supply. This is backed up by a battery to enable operation and safe shut-down in the event of a power supply failure.
The blade pitch is adjusted according to the rpm of the machine. In low wind conditions, the blades 8 are pitched back slightly to get a better rotation from the wind. Then once some speed has been attained, the blades 8 pitch fully forward to a predetermined position where they stay until rpm is approaching 220 rpm. At this point, the blades 8 begin to pitch back to show the rotation speed. If the speed is not reduced before 330 rpm an emergency shut down is actuated which engages a disc brake and pitches the blades 8 fully back.
In operation, the blades 8 are driven by wind to rotate the propeller shaft 37 and drive shaft 39 of the alternator 5 for generating power. The pitch of the blades 8 can be regulated as required by operation of the blade swivel mechanism 10.This causes the actuating rod 12 to push or pull the swivel guide 24 for movement of the swivel guide 24 through the hub 7 in order to swivel the blades 8 by pivoting the link arm 14 to return the blade pitch to a safe (feathered) position.
In the event of an electric failure a mechanically activated fail safe mechanism operates. This may for example comprise a gas spring which acts on the link arm 14 to return the blade pitch to a safe (feathered) position.
It will be appreciated that any suitable mechanism may be provided for moving the actuating rod 12.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described which may be varied in both construction and detail.

Claims (9)

  1. Claims 1. A wind turbine blade assembly including: a hub; at least one blade pivotally mounted on the hub for swiveling about a longitudinal axis of the blade; a blade swivel mechanism housed within the hub and operably connected to each blade for swivelling the blade on the hub; and an actuating means for operation of the blade swivel mechanism.
  2. 2. A wind turbine blade assembly according to claim 1, wherein the blade swivel mechanism comprising a swivel guide which is movable through the hub is employed.
  3. 3. A wind turbine blade assembly according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the said swivel guide is connected to each blade by a drive connector which is operable in response to movement of the swivel guide through the hub to swivel the blade on the hub.
  4. 4. A wind turbine blade assembly according to the claims 1 and 3, wherein the drive connector comprises a link arm connected between the blade and swivel guide such that movement of the swivel guide within the hub causes the link arm to pivot within the hub.
  5. 5. A wind turbine blade assembly according to claims 1 and 4, wherein the outer end of the link arm is fixed to the blade and an inner end of the link arm pivotally and slidably engages the swivel guide.
  6. 6. A wind turbine blade assembly according to claims 1, 4 and 5, wherein a pin at the inner end of the link arm slidably and pivotally engages a complementary guide slot in the swivel guide.
  7. 7. A wind turbine according to the Claim 1, wherein the actuating means comprises an actuating rod connected to the swivel guide and drive means for driving the rod for movement of the swivel guide through the hub.
  8. 8. A wind turbine according to Claims 1 and 7, wherein the actuating rod is axially movable through the hub.
  9. 9. A wind turbine according to Claims 1, 7 and 8, wherein the actuating rod is mounted within a propeller shaft extending from the hub, the rod being axially movable within a central bore of the propeller shaft.
GB1021821A 2009-12-23 2010-12-23 Axial rod and spider wind turbine blade pitch control for tangentially mounted blades Withdrawn GB2476582A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE20090973A IES20090973A2 (en) 2009-12-23 2009-12-23 A wind turbine blade assembly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201021821D0 GB201021821D0 (en) 2011-02-02
GB2476582A true GB2476582A (en) 2011-06-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1021821A Withdrawn GB2476582A (en) 2009-12-23 2010-12-23 Axial rod and spider wind turbine blade pitch control for tangentially mounted blades

Country Status (2)

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GB (1) GB2476582A (en)
IE (1) IES20090973A2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20110545A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-04-15 Enel Green Power Spa WIND GENERATOR WITH ACTIVE SHUTTER PASS CONTROL SYSTEM
ITBA20120041A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Donato Luciano Mascialino AIRBRUSHER OPTIMIZED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IN THE PRESENCE OF TURBULENT AND LOW NOMINAL SPEED FLOWS
EP2906819B1 (en) 2012-10-12 2017-05-03 Joint Blade Rotor A/S Joined blade wind turbine rotor

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE951709C (en) * 1952-10-10 1956-10-31 Fritz Huebner Wing adjustment device for wind turbines
FR1402883A (en) * 1964-02-12 1965-06-18 New type of wind motor
US4029434A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-06-14 Kenney Clarence E Variable pitch mounting for airfoil blades of a windmill or propeller
GB2010980A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-04 Fiat Spa Pitch Regulation Device for the Rotor Blades of a Wind Motor
JPS63124874A (en) * 1986-11-12 1988-05-28 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Power generating device
US5779446A (en) * 1995-11-07 1998-07-14 Sundstrand Corporation Air driven turbine including a blade pitch control system
EP1126163A1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2001-08-22 Turbowinds N.V./S.A. Blade pitch angle control device for wind turbine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE951709C (en) * 1952-10-10 1956-10-31 Fritz Huebner Wing adjustment device for wind turbines
FR1402883A (en) * 1964-02-12 1965-06-18 New type of wind motor
US4029434A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-06-14 Kenney Clarence E Variable pitch mounting for airfoil blades of a windmill or propeller
GB2010980A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-04 Fiat Spa Pitch Regulation Device for the Rotor Blades of a Wind Motor
JPS63124874A (en) * 1986-11-12 1988-05-28 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Power generating device
US5779446A (en) * 1995-11-07 1998-07-14 Sundstrand Corporation Air driven turbine including a blade pitch control system
EP1126163A1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2001-08-22 Turbowinds N.V./S.A. Blade pitch angle control device for wind turbine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20110545A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-04-15 Enel Green Power Spa WIND GENERATOR WITH ACTIVE SHUTTER PASS CONTROL SYSTEM
ITBA20120041A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Donato Luciano Mascialino AIRBRUSHER OPTIMIZED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IN THE PRESENCE OF TURBULENT AND LOW NOMINAL SPEED FLOWS
EP2906819B1 (en) 2012-10-12 2017-05-03 Joint Blade Rotor A/S Joined blade wind turbine rotor
EP2906819B2 (en) † 2012-10-12 2020-07-29 Joint Blade Rotor A/S Joined blade wind turbine rotor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201021821D0 (en) 2011-02-02
IES20090973A2 (en) 2011-11-09

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