GB2476069A

GB2476069A - Simulating gravitational attraction

Info

Publication number: GB2476069A
Application number: GB0921567A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Arthur David Tsakok
Original assignee: AD TSAKOK MATH CNTR
Current assignee: AD TSAKOK MATH CNTR
Priority date: 2009-12-09
Filing date: 2009-12-09
Publication date: 2011-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-09
Also published as: GB2476069B; GB0921567D0

Abstract

Two small, preferably spherical, conducting materials 1, 2 are each connected to the terminals of an AC generator via a switch and are separated by an insulating wall 3 of a dielectric material that may surround them. Insulating wall 3 extends to separate masses 4, 5 which experience an attraction force when the conducting materials are connected to the a.c generator. Passing an alternating current through the conducting plates of such a capacitance produces an electric field that creates a gravity-like field. An electric kinetic pulse generator (fig 2) consists of four closed hollow prisms such as cylinders 5, made of conducting material and holding a vacuum. An insulated target plate 6 in the end of each is connected in parallel, in pairs, to opposite terminals of an alternating current (a.c.) generator and to earth via switches. The other sides of each prism are connected via a switch to a battery terminal of the same polarity as that of charges introduced symmetrically in the vacuum of that prism. The polarity of the charges in one of the prisms is opposite to that in the other prism within the same pair. Opening and closing the switches creates a repulsive effect of positively or negatively charged particles in the prism to cyclically exert unidirectional pulse forces on the target plates.

Description

Artificial gravity system and electric kinetic pulse generator By AD Tsakok

Background

Since gravity is electromagnetic (Tsakok, 2003), it should be possible to create gravity from electromagnetic fields, without centrifugal forces. The Artificial Gravity System (AGS) shows how to achieve this.

The fact that electromagnetic forces from subatomic particles cause gravity (Tsakok, 2003) means that electromagnetic forces present in these subatomic particles can be used to produce forces in a given direction. The electric kinetic pulse generator (EKP) shows a way to execute this.

Statement of Invention

(i) The AGS consists of a capacitance in which the two conducting materials, each connected to one of the two terminals of an alternating current (a.c.) generator via a switch, are possibly spherical and as small as possible (depending on the amount of charge required), separated by an insulator made of a dielectric material, which may enclose each conducting material. This insulator also separates the masses placed within the enclosure, before (without touching) the conducting materials of AGS to achieve gravitational attraction towards these masses; when these conducting materials are connected to the a.c. generator.

(ii) The EKP is formed from 4 closed hollow cylinders, each holding a vacuum, made from a conducting material where one cross-sectional inner end face in each cylinder is designated as the target plate and is insulated from the rest of the cylinder, except for a series connection between the target plate and the rest of the cylinder via a switch. The target plate in each cylinder is connected to one of the two oppositely charged terminals of an a.c. generator via a switch, with only two target plates being connected in parallel to each other for each a.c. generator terminal to which they are both connected. Thus each target plate has a switch to the a.c. generator terminal to enable it to be switched on or off independently. Each target plate is also connected to an earth terminal via a switch. The other sides of each cylinder are connected to one of the 2 opposite terminals of a battery via a switch. The polarity of the terminal of the battery is the same as that of the charges introduced in each cylinder in the vacuum. The charges can be introduced inside each cylinder symmetrically about its longitudinal axis of symmetry in one cr0 ss-sectional plane. For each pair of prisms connected in parallel, one prism contains positive charges only and the other prism contains negative charges only. There are charge detectors inside each prism to determine the position of the charges inside the prism relative to its target plate. By positioning the charges using the electric fields inside the prisms as close as possible to their target plates of like electrical polarity when connected to an a.c. generator terminal, repulsive forces are exerted on the target plates of the prisms by the charges within them, without touching the inner surface of the prisms of the EKP. The prisms are all insulated from each other.

Advantages By generating gravitational fields from elecfromagnetic fields, the AGS requires much less moving parts, and there is the possibility of creating gravitational fields within an existing structure.

The EKP uses the input energy to position charges in positions that enable very large forces to be generated in a required direction on the target plate through repulsive forces between like charges, thereby converting potential nuclear electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy, without harmful radiation.

Descriptions

For AGS: Ref: Figure 1 The Procedure The method of creating gravity with the Artificial Gravity System (AGS) is to connect the terminals of an alternating current (a.c.) generator to a capacitance. The capacitance (fig. 1) consists of two conducting materials (1, 2) separated by an insulator of dielectric material (3), which is a wall that can fully enclose each conducting material (CM). Each conducting material (1, 2) is connected to one of the two opposite terminals of an a.c. generator via a switch. The test masses (4, 5) which are to experience gravitational attraction are each placed some distance R (>0) away from one of the two conducting materials (1, 2). The insulator (3) which separates the conducting materials (1, 2) of the capacitance extends to separate the test masses (4, 5) that each conducting material (1 or 2) faces. R is more precisely the distance between the centre of mass of each conducting material (1 or 2) and the centre of mass of the test mass (4 or 5). The dimensions of the conducting materials (1, 2) are as small as possible compared to R, to hold the required amount of charge Q. Ideally the dimensions of the test mass are as small as possible compared to R. When an alternating current is passed through the capacitance, each conducting material (1, 2) will have one polarity opposite to each other. Each conducting material (1, 2) will induce attraction on the test mass (4, 5) placed before it, simulating gravitational attraction (Tsakok, 2003).

Feasibility If C is the capacitance of the circuit and V is the voltage across the conducting materials (1, 2) of the a.c. generator, then the charge Q stored by the capacitance is Q=CV. As V= Vosin(2irft) for some constant Vo, being the voltage generated at time t by the a.c. generator having frequency of rotation f, Q CVosin(27rft).

The electric field at a point R opposite to one conducting material (1 or 2) with charge Q is F = Q/cR2, for some constant c. Q alternates for each conducting material (1 or 2) between positive and negative values, but will always induce attraction (Tsakok, 2003) in its corresponding test mass (4 or 5). Hence it seems appropriate to consider its r.m.s value, given by Then CV0/(I2 cR2).

According to Tsakok (2003), Q induces a charge Qm on the test mass (1 or 2) of mass m such that QQ m <0 and the attractive force F on the test mass m by Q is F= ErmsQm. Qm is determined experimentally. By varying Vo, Q (and so Q and Q m that QrrnsQ m <0) can be varied so that F approaches the magnitude of gravitational force on the test mass, mg (g = acceleration due to earth gravity).

Vo is varied by varying the magnetic flux in the a.c. generator, since V0=2irfBAN, where B is the uniform magnetic field, A is the coil area with N coil turns in the a.c.

generator. Alternatively, a variable resistance can be placed in series with the capacitance.

Another method of varying F to approach gravitational forces is by varying R. Implementation Having created F, it can be used to either simulate gravitational attraction, or oppose it. To simulate gravitational attraction, the conducting materials (1, 2) of the capacitance are placed below' the test masses so that F acts in the direction that gravitational attraction is required to act. A platform made from a conducting material or dielectric material is placed between the test mass and each conducting material (1, 2) at the required value of R to maintain the required magnitude ofF.

To oppose gravity, the conducting materials (1, 2) are placed above' the test masses, so that F acts in a direction opposite to gravity. By placing the test mass in an enclosure, the conducting materials (1, 2) can be secured to the enclosure, above' the test mass.

This completes the description of the AGS.

For EKP: Ref: Figure 2

1. Introduction

The aim of the Electric Kinetic Pulse (EKP) generator (Fig. 2) is to create a force on a plate with alternating electric fields, based on Tsakok (2003). 4 closed prisms i1 to 4 are used. Each closed prism (such as a cylinder) holds a vacuum with one longitudinal axis of symmetry perpendicular to the cross-section of the prism. A source(s) of charged particles (1) is placed in the prism on its longitudinal axis of symmetry, or symmetrically in the prism about its axis of symmetry, in one of its cross-section. The target of the charged particles in the prism is a plate P1 (6) made from conducting material, at one inner end face of the prism opposite to the particle source. Plate P1 at the cross-sectional inner end face of the prism is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.

The plate P1 can be connected by a switch Sig to one terminal of an a.c. generator with voltage V varying as V=Vosin 27rfl, for some real Vo (dependent on the a.c.

generator) and frequency fat time t. The prism with Pi contains negative charges, the prism with P2 contains positive charges, the prism with P3 contains positive charges and the prism with P4 contains negative charges. The P2 prism is connected to the other opposite terminal of the a.c. generator via a switch S2g. Thus Pi and P2 will always be simultaneously oppositely charged, if charged. Each plate P1 is earthed via switch Sje. All the sides of the prism except P, are weakly negatively charged by being connected to a terminal of a battery via a switch Sb. The polarity of the charges inside the prism determines the terminal of the battery to which the sides of the prism other than P1 are connected. Thus the sides of the prism excluding its target plate Pi are connected to the negative terminal of a battery via a switch Sib. Similarly, excluding its target plate P2, the sides of the P2 prism containing positive charges is connected to the positive terminal of that battery via a switch S2b.

To meet these requirements, there is a layer of insulation between plate P1 and the other sides (3, 4 and 5) of the prism i. There is a series connection between P1 and the other sides of the prism holding P via a switch Sir. There is also a detector(s) (7) of the position(s) of the charges inside the prism i.

The terminal of the a.c. generator connected to the prism with plate Pi is also connected in parallel (via switch S3g) to another such prism with target plate P3. Since prism with Pi holds negative charges, the prism with P3 has a source of positive charges.

The P prism is connected to the positive terminal of a battery.

Similarly, the other opposite terminal of the a.c. generator connected to P2 is also connected in parallel to another target plate P4 (via switch S4g) of another such prism.

Excluding P4, the other sides of the prism with P4 are connected to the negative terminal of a battery via a switch S4b. Since the prism with P2 holds positive charges, the prism with P4 holds negative charges.

All the 4 prisms are insulated from each other.

2. The following steps are made, with the a.c. generator started at time t =0 and the switches S1b S2b, S3b, and S4b closed: 1. Over the time t when 2(n-1)ir< 2irft <(2n-1)ir in cycle n, with n=1: P1, P2 are kept electrically neutral by opening switches Sig, S2g, Sir, S2r and closing switches Sie, S2e. P3, P4 are charged by closing switches S3 and S4r and opening switches S3g, S4g, S3e, S4e.

If n 2 (n=2, 3...) over the time t when 2(n-1)it< 22tfi <(2n-1)it in cycle n: P1, P2 are kept electrically neutral by opening switches Sig, S2g, Sir, S2r, and closing switches Sie, 52e, to the earth terminal. Starting from point(s) in the cross-section of the prism in cycle n, negative charges (1) introduced in the prisms holding P symmetrically about their longitudinal axis of symmetry are accelerated in the direction shown (2) by repulsion along the length of the vessel and away from the negatively charged sides (3, 4, 5 for prism with plate P1) of the prism towards plate P1 (6). If, during 2(n-1)ir< 2ith <(2n-1)ir, the distance between the charges and P1 (1=1 or 2) decreases (as determined by the charge detector (7)) by a prescribed distance as the charges accelerate towards it, 5jr is closed while simultaneously S is opened.

Before the accelerating positive charges touch P3, and the accelerating negative charges touch P4 over the time t with 2(n-1)ir< 2ith <(2n-1)ir, switches S3g and S4g are closed while simultaneously switches S3, S4r, S3e and S4e are opened.

Hence positive charges are repulsed from P3 and negative charges are repulsed from P4. So repulsive forces are exerted on P3 and P4.

2. When 2ith = 2(n-1)ir, switches S3g and S4g are opened while switches S3e and S4e are closed. Switches S3r and S4r are opened. These cause charges to move back towards P3 and P4.

3. P1 is charged negatively by closing switch Sig and opening switch Sic, before the electrons touch it, at time t, with 2nir> 2irft? (2n-1) 7t, cycle n. Simultaneously, switch S2g is closed and switch S2e is opened. Switches Sir and S2r are opened.

Negative charges are repelled from plate P1, while positive charges are repelled from P2; causing forces to be exerted on P1 and P2.

If, during 2nir> 2irft ? (2n-1) it, the distance between the charges and P1 (i=3 or 4) decreases (as determined by the charge detector) by a prescribed distance as the charges accelerate towards it, S is closed while simultaneously Sic is opened.

4. Plates P1 and P2 are again reset to neutral charge at time t when 2nir = 2irft, given n in Step 1, with the electrons away from the sides. This is done by opening switches Sir and S2r when the voltage is zero when 2irft = 2nir, and closing switches Sic and S2e to the earth terminal. Step 1 is next executed at the n+lth cycle when 2nit<2irfI< (2n+1)ir.

Steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 are repeated as long as forces on the plates P1 P2, P3 and P4 are required, generating cycles n=1, 2.... Fewer (if any) electrons may be emitted by the particle source at the axis after the first cycle if there is no need to increase the pulse. The process is terminated by opening all the switches, except the earth switches.

3. Result The forces exerted on the plates Pi P2, P3 and P4 are the objectives of this machine.

The charges are recycled.

4. Analysis of system Feasibility Let plate P1 (6) be at the origin (0, 0) and the axis of symmetry be the x-axis of a 2D Cartesian coordinate system with perpendicular axes x and y. P1 extends from (0,-b) to (0, b). At Step 1, let charge -q with mass m and velocity v at (r, y), for some real y such that b>y>0 and r = xo>0 (where a>r>0 for some real value a) at time to, be such that 2itft0 <(2n-1)m (n1, 2...). Let Po1 (5) be uniformly charged with a charge density of-qo and extends from (a, b) to (a,-b). Then -q moves according to d (mv)/dt = -Fr, where Fr> 0 and is the force parallel to the x-axis exerted on -q by charges on the plate opposite Po1 to P1. The velocity of -q is v<0. So charge -q moves towards plate P1, until it reaches a point (xl, yl) where xo>xi>0 for some real yi within interval (-b, b).

At (xi, yi) and time ti such that 2irft1> (2n-1)ir, a charge density of q= -CV0sin 2irft1 is applied uniformly to the plate Pi, for some capacitance C, during Step 3. A force F parallel to the x axis is now exerted on -q by P1.

Charge -q now moves according to d (mv)/dt = FtFr. Choosing Ft>Fr, v>0 and charge -q moves towards plate Po1, from (xi, Yi) at time ti until it reaches (x2, Y2) with F chosen such that a> x2 > xo at time t2 (where 2nir>2irft2> (2n-1)ir), for some real y2 within interval (-b, b). For time t>t2 (where2nir>2irft> (2n-1)ir) during Step 3, F1>F and v<0. So charge -q now moves towards xo, as F decreases until F =0 at 2irft=2nir and r = x0.

So Step 4 is reached, which enables Step 1 to be executed, without charge -q touching the end plates P1 or Po1. A similar analysis applies to the other prisms, since they are similar and the above argument depends on the distribution of electrical polarities within the prism, and not its actual polarity. Thus the whole process as described in section 2 is feasible.

Force Created Let a charge -q be at point (r, 0), r>0 in the above 2D configuration. Plate P1 is uniformly charged with a charge density of-qi = CV0sin 2irfi introduced during Step 3, for some capacitance C and frequency f. Hence the component of repulsive force parallel to the x-axis on Pi is F(0, 0) =qiq/cr2 due to the charge density at centre (0, 0), for some constant c. If Fq is the total force parallel to the x-axis acting on Pi due to -q, then Fq F(0, 0). But F(0,0) increases as r tends to 0. Hence Fq also increases as r tends to 0, and can be made as large as required by decreasing r subject to r >0 until F(0, 0) sufficiently exceeds the bounded repulsive force Fa on the end face P01 (5) of the prism opposite to Pi in magnitude due to Pi and the charge -q. The resultant force on the longitudinal sides (3, 4) of the prism from the charge -q at (r, 0) is zero due to the symmetry of the prism about its axis at y=O. The resultant force between longitudinal opposite sides or adjacent sides of the prism is also zero, due to the symmetry of the closed prism.

This shows that a distribution of electrons symmetrical about the axis y=O and which is close to Pi can cause large resultant pulses on it, using the process of section 2.

A similar analysis can be applied to the other prisms.

Reference: Tsakok AD (2003). A derivation of Newton's Law of Gravitation from electromagnetic forces. Bulg. J. Phys. 30, 7-20.

Claims

Claims 1. For Artificial Gravity System (AGS): 1.1. As described in the Statement of Invention ((i), AGS), the Artificial Gravity System is a capacitance where the 2 conducting materials (CM) are each connected to one of the two terminals of an a.c. generator via a switch and are as small in size as possible, preferably spherical, depending on the amount of charge required.1.2. The CMs in Claim 1.1 are separated by an insulator made of a dielectric material in the form of a wall between the two CMs, and this wall may form an enclosure around each CM.1.3. This insulator in Claim 1.2 extends to separate the masses placed before, but not touching, the CMs in Claim 1.1, in the enclosure formed by the wall, which (i.e. the masses) experience gravitational attraction towards the CMs when these CMs are connected to the two terminals of the a.c. generator of Claim 1.1.1.4. There may be a platform made of a conducting material or of a dielectric material placed between each CM of Claim 1.1 and the masses of claim 1.3 experiencing gravitational attraction within each enclosure of Claim 1.2; without touching the CM.2. For Electric Kinetic Pulse generator (EKP): 2.1.As described in the Statement of Invention ((ii), EKP), the Electric Kinetic Pulse generator consists of 4 closed hollow prisms, such as cylinders, each with a longitudinal axis of symmetry, and each prism holding either only positive charge in a vacuum, or only negative charges in a vacuum, with the means to introduce these charges preferably symmetrically in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry inside each prism.2.2.The prisms of Claim 2.1 are made of conducting material and are insulated from each other, each prism having a target plate made of conducting material at one of its inner cross-sectional end face, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the prism.2.3.The target plate in each prism in Claim 2.2 is each connected to one of the two terminals of an a.c. generator via a switch; with two prisms, one holding positive charges only and the other holding negative charges only, connected in parallel for one a.c. generator terminal, and the other two prisms, one containing only positive charges and the other containing only negative charges, connected in parallel to the other opposite a.c. generator terminal.2.4.Each target plate in Claim 2.2 is also connected to an earth terminal via another switch and there is a detector(s) of the position(s) of the charges inside each prism relative to its target plate.2.5. There is insulation between the target plate in Claim 2.2 and the rest of the prism holding it, for each prism, except for a series connection between the target plate and the other sides of the prism holding it via a switch.2.6.The other sides of each prism of Claim 2.1 excluding its target plate in Claim 2.2 are weakly charged with a polarity which is the same as that of the charges in the prism, possibly by connecting each of them via a switch to one of the 2 terminals of a battery, with the polarity of the battery terminal coinciding with that of the charges inside the prism.2.7.This machine uses the repulsive effect of the positively charges only in the prisms of Claim 2.1, or the negatively charged particles only in the prisms of Claim 2.1, to create forces in a given direction on the target plates of Claim 2.3, when these target plates which are connected in parallel to each other are alternately charged by connecting them to one of the terminals of the a.c.generator of Claim 2.3 via its a.c. generator switch, when the sign of each of its a.c. generator terminals is the same as that of the charges inside the prism; and simultaneously opening the earth terminal switch of the other target plate with opposite charges connected to the same a.c. generator terminal of Claim 2.3; while not allowing the charges to touch the inner surfaces of the prisms of Claim 2.1.
2.8.For the target plates in Claim 2.7, only 2 target plates are simultaneously providing kinetic pulses, being those target plates connected to the 2 opposite a.c.generator terminals of Claim 2.3 whose polarities are the same as that of the charges inside the prisms to which the a.c. generator terminals are connected; while the other 2 target plates of Claim 2.7, with prisms containing charges of opposite polarities to those connected to the a.c. generator terminals, are not simultaneously connected to that a.c. generator.Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows: Claims 1. The Electric Kinetic Pulse (EKP) generator consists of 4 closed hollow prisms, such as cylinders, each with a longitudinal axis of symmetry, and each prism holding either only positive charges in a vacuum, or only negative charges in a vacuum, with the means to introduce these aforementioned charges in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry inside each prism, which is made of conducting material and are insulated from each other, each prism having a target plate made of conducting material at one of its 2 inner cross-sectional end faces perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the prism, where the target plate in each prism is each connected to one of the two terminals of an a.c. generator via a switch per target plate; with two prisms, one holding positive charges only and the other holding negative charges only, having their target plates each connected in parallel to one a.c. generator terminal via their individual switches, and the other two prisms, one prism containing only positive charges and the other prism containing only negative charges, having their target plates each connected in parallel to the other opposite a.c. generator terminal via their individual switches; each target plate is also connected to an earth terminal via another switch and there is a detector(s) of the position(s) of the charges inside each prism relative to its target plate, with insulation between the target plate and the rest of the prism holding that aforementioned target plate, for each prism, except for a series connection between the target plate and the other sides of the prism holding that aforementioned target Q plate via a switch; with the other sides of each prism excluding the target plate weakly charged with a polarity which is the same as that of the charges in the prism, Q by connecting each of them via a switch to one of the 2 terminals of a battery; with the polarity of the battery terminal coinciding with that of the charges inside the prism to which the aforementioned battery terminal is connected via a switch. 2. The electric kinetic generator of claim 1 which uses the repulsive effect of the positively charges only in the prisms, or the negatively charged particles only in the prisms, creates forces in a given direction on the target plates, when these target plates which are connected in parallel to each other are alternately charged by connecting them to one of the terminals of the a.c. generator via its a.c. generator switch, when the sign of each of its a.c. generator terminals is the same as that of the charges inside the prism; and simultaneously opening the earth terminal switch of the other target plate with opposite charges connected to the same a.c. generator terminal; while not allowing the charges to touch the inner surfaces of the prisms.
3. The electric kinetic pulse generator of claim 2 in which only 2 target plates simultaneously providing kinetic pulses, are those with target plates connected to the 2 opposite a.c. generator terminals whose polarities are the same as that of the charges inside the prisms to which the a.c. generator terminals are connected; while the other 2 target plates, with prisms containing charges of opposite polarities to those connected to the a.c. generator terminals, are not simultaneously connected to that a.c. generator.