GB2475353A

GB2475353A - Assembly module for composite walls, particularly steel reinforced concrete walls

Info

Publication number: GB2475353A
Application number: GB0922701A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Sanjeev Malushte
Original assignee: Bechtel Power Corp
Current assignee: Bechtel Power Corp
Priority date: 2009-11-14
Filing date: 2009-12-30
Publication date: 2011-05-18
Also published as: US20110114819A1; GB0922701D0; WO2011060360A1

Abstract

The assembly module, for use in constructing nuclear or blast-resistant facilities, comprises opposing faceplates 210,212 separated by a void and a plurality of connector assemblies 230,240 at least partially spanning the void and connected with at least one of the faceplates, from an outside of the at least one faceplate, by a securing mechanism 250. The void may be filled with concrete and include at least one intermediate plate positioned between the faceplates and connected with at least one connector assembly. The connector assemblies may comprise partially threaded rods or sleeves that define the separation gap between the faceplates. The faceplates may be made of steel plate and include through holes 220,222. A method of constructing a composite wall and a further assembly module capable of being adjusted to alter the tension of an element connecting two opposing faceplates after the module has been filled with material are also claimed.

Description

ASSEMBLY MODULE FOR COMPOSITE WALL AND METHOD OF

ASSEMBLY

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[00011 The present subject matter is directed to assembly modules for composite walls, and methods for constructing composite walls. The present subject matter is applicable to various forms of modular composite construction and finds particular applicability in the construction of steel-plate-concrete (SC) wall systems.

[00021 Conventional concrete walls systems typically use reinforcing steel (rebar) within the concrete wall to improve the structural characteristics of the concrete. However, in construction applications where accelerated construction of large structures is desired, the intricacies of such construction techniques can prove to be inefficient for a number of reasons, including the amount of time to assemble/disassemble formwork and place rebar, as well as the associated requirement for significant on-site activities.

[0003] SC modular walls, and other modularized construction assemblies, are experiencing increasingly widespread use in various construction applications, including, for example, the construction of nuclear power plants. The safe and rapid construction of nuclear power plants has become a particularly critical concern with respect to providing alternative energy in countries around the world, including the United States.

[0004] Known systems for SC constructiOn may include the use of internal framing that is welded to opposing plates. For example, a Bi-Steel process is known for use in certain applications using friction welded tie bars. Such methods may include using faceplates with a thickness between 5 to 20 millimeters, and a distance between the plates of 200 to 700 millimeters. Other structures may also use a welded internal frame that is in turn welded to the external plates.

[00051 However, known systems that rely on welding of the internal support framework do not satisfy all of the needs of current applications, including, for example, size requirements, structural integrity and efficiency of construction. Of particular concern are the requirements for skilled labor to perform the difficult, and/or intricate, field or shop welding procedures in a large scale construction project. These factors can quickly become prohibitive and/or greatly increase the cost and time of construction. Usage of large scale welding can also lead to warping and residual stresses, factors that can affect the structure's strength and function.

[0006] In order to effectively build large structures, such as new nuclear power plants, in a timely manner, it is becoming increasingly important to reduce the high labor cost and lengthy schedules typically associated with nuclear power plant construction. Such improvements are necessary in order to allow nuclear power to become a more viable alternative to fossil fuels and other lower capacity alternative fuel sources.

[00071 Additionally, since construction of nuclear plants, and other large concrete structures, including nuclear waste processing/storage facilities and other structures such as chemical weapons demilitarization facilities that are designed for blast and missile resistance, involve substantial reinforcing, concrete and other on-site activities, concerns must be addressed regarding the shortages of skilled on-Site construction labor and the associated higher costs that would be experienced with simultaneous construction of multiple large projects.

[0008] The present subject matter provides improvements in the use of modular structural assemblies that may provide efficiencies, including simplified construction, cost savings, and structural integrity, in the construction of SC modular walls, and similar applications, that may benefit from the use of prefabricated assembly modules in the construction of structures including composite walls, and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present subject matter includes systems and methods for constructing composite walls in a building including the preassembly of wall assembly modules that include opposing faceplates and a plurality of through connector assemblies that attach with the faceplates. In embodiments, opposing faceplates may be attached with a plurality of through connector assemblies that span a transverse void between the faceplates, and may include applying the connecting mechanism from an outside of at least one of the faceplates to attach with a portion of the through connector assembly. Through the use of applying mechanical fastening mechanisms from an outside of a faceplate, several advantages can be achieved such as simplifying assembly, and limiting or avoiding the amount of work required in the transverse void. An assembled wall module may be transported to a construction site, and filled with a fill material. Filling of the assembly module may be done at a position in which the assembly module will occupy in a finished building.

[0010] In embodiments, a tension of a connector assembly may be adjusted as part of the assembly process of the assembly module, on-site before filling the assembly module with the fill material, and/or any time after the assembly module is filled with the fill material. Such features may provide advantages over other known systems, such as those that use conventional reinforced concrete construction, or other modular composite construction where internal frames are welded to faceplates.

[0011] In embodiments, an external connector may be attached with a through connector assembly on a side of the composite wall. Such external connectors may include baseplates and other structural devices used to distribute or support a load on the wall.

[00121 Embodiments may include engaging a connector assembly with a faceplate, such as by a male threaded portion of a connector assembly with a female threaded portion of a hole in at least one of the faceplates.

[0013) Embodiments may include placing a plurality of sleeves between opposing faceplates and inserting rods through the sleeves. This may include inserting the rods through a hole in one of the opposing faceplates, through the respective sleeve, and out of a hole in the other of the opposing faceplates. In other embodiments, a plurality of rods and/or sleeves may be fixedly attached to a first faceplate, and a second faceplate positioned with respect to the fixedly attached rods and/or sleeves.

[0014] Embodiments may include securing the rods and/or sleeves from an outside of at least one of the opposing faceplates.

[0015] Embodiments may include an assembly module for a composite wall, the assembly module including opposing faceplates with a transverse void between the faceplates. A plurality of though connector assemblies at least partially spanning the transverse void may be included.

The through connector assemblies may be connected with at least one of the opposing faceplates, and include a securing mechanism that is configured to attach a portion of the through connector assembly at least partially in the transverse void with the at least one faceplate from an outside of the at least one faceplate.

[00161 Embodiments may include an intermediate plate positioned between the opposing faceplates and connected with at least one of the through connector assemblies.

[0017] Tn embodiments, the securing mechanisam is a mechanical device such as, for example, complementary male and female threaded members, friction secured members, and the like. As S described herein, mechanical connections include mechanisms that do not rely on a welding bond for their primary attachment. However, these mechanisms may include incidential welding to facilitate module assembly, and the like.

[0018] In embodiments, a threaded portion of the coneector assembly may protrude through holes in each of the opposing faceplates and be secured by nuts attached to the threaded portion of the connector assembly. Embodiments may include a second nut configured to be attached to the threaded portion of the through connector.

[0019] In embodiments, at least one of the through connector assemblies may include a sleeve between the opposing faceplates. Such sleeves may span a distance between the opposing faceplates, span a distance between one of the faceplates and an intermediate plate, or span a portion of a distance between opposing faceplates.

[00201 in embodiments, at least one of the through connectors assemblies may partially penetrate at least one of the faceplates and include a stopping mechanism at an end of the through connector assembly that positions the connector assembly with respect to the faceplate.

[00211 Stopping mechanisms may include, for example, a portion of the connector assembly with a larger diameter, a nut attached to a threaded portion of the through connector assembly, a collar on the sleeve, and the like.

[0022J In embodiments, at least one of the through connector assemblies may include a sleeve with a female threaded portion and at least one of the opposing faceplates may include a hole substantially where at least one through connector assembly connects with the at least one faceplate. The securing mechanism may include a bolt configured to be inserted through the hole in the faceplate and engaged with the female portion of the sleeve and optionally with the female threads in the faceplae.

[0023] In embodiments, the through connector assemblies may include rods or sleeves that traverse the transverse void.

[00241 In embodiments, the securing mechanism may be adjustable from an outside of the assembly module after the securing mechanism is secured.

[0025] In embodiments, the faceplates may include, or be substantially formed from, sheets of material including through holes, and the securing mechanism may be configured to attach with a portion of the through connector assembly through the holes. In embodiments, faceplates may be formed from at least two plates that are held together andlor compressed via a securing mechanism on one end of a through connector assembly.

[0026] In embodiments, the through connectors may be machanically attached with the faceplates substantially without welding of the through connectors to the faceplates.

100271 In embodiments, the transverse void may have a width greater than 28 inches.

Although smaller widths are also envisioned, there are advantages derived from the disclosed structures and methods that are particularly beneficial with respect to known methods in constructing walls with widths greater than 29 inches.

[0028] In embodiments where athrough connector assembly includes a rod housed within a sleeve, a clearance between the rod and the sleeve may be in a range of 1J64th of an inch to 118th of an inch. In other embodiments, this range may be between 1/32' of an inch and 118th of an inch. ln other embodiments, this range may be between 1116th of an inch and 118th of an inch.

[00291 The enumerated ranges have been found to provide different benefits and tolerances with respect to assembly procedures of the rods and sleeves, as well as the assembly module itself. For example, by minimizing the clearance of the rod within the sleeve, the slip distance wiEl be accordingly smaller once the slip resistance of a pretensioned joint is overcome.

However, in situations where manufacturing tolerances require accomodation for variation in the respective bore size and diameter, larger tolerances may be required, such as, for example, 1116th of an inch to 118th of an inch. This may increase an efficiency of the assembly process by minimizing the need for replacement and/or forceable assembly procedures.

[0030] Embodiments may include a concrete fill material that substantially fills a transverse void in the assembly module. As used to herein, the transverse void should be understood as the space between opposing faceplates, even in circumstances where the space is filled with a fill material. In embodiments, the faceplates may consist essentially of steel plate material.

[0031 Embodiments may include means for connecting the faceplates across the transverse void, and means for adjusting a tension of said means for connecting after the transverse void is filled with a fill material. Embodiments may include means for adjusting a tension of said means for connecting before the transverse void is filled with the fill material. Embodiments may include means for transmitting an attachment load from an exterior portion of one faceplate to an exterior portion of an opposite faceplate.

[00321 Embodiments may include means for reducing a stress concentration of an attachment load from an exterior portion of one faceplate.

100331 Further advantages of the present subject matter will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[00341 Figure 1 depicts an exemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [00351 Figure 2 depicts an exemplary wall assembly module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 100361 Figure 3 depicts aspects of an exemplary wall assembly module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [00371 Figure 4 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [0038) Figure 5 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [00391 Figure 6 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [00401 Figure 7 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [0041) Figure 8 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [00421 Figure 9 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [0043] Figure 10 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [0044 Figure 11 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; [0045] Figure 12 depicts aspects of an exemplary through connector assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 10046] Figure 13 depicts aspects of an exemplary assembly module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[00471 The following detailed description is provided with reference to exemplary embodiments for the ease of description and understanding. Applicants' invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and encompasses other variations that fall within the overall scope

of description provided herein.

[0048] The following exemplary method is described with reference to Figure 1. The method may begin with S1000 and proceed to S1l00 in which at least two faceplates are provided.

Faceplatcs may include, for example, steel plates with prefabricated through holes used for securing through connector assemblies. The through holes may be threaded or bare walls 20. depending on the particular configuration of the securing mechanism for the connector assembly.

The plates may be, for example, 318th of an inch steel plates. Depending on the method of assembling the assembly module, the faceplates may be provided and placed at the same time, or a first faceplate provided and partially assembled with the connector assemblies before providing and positioning a second faceplate. In embodiments, one or more of the faceplates may include a plurality of stacked plates, and/or one or more intermediate plates may be placed or positioned between the opposing faceplates.

[0049] Jn embodiments, the opposing faceplates may be vertically positioned and secured for assembly. in other embodiments, a first faceplate may be laid horizontally for assembly before positioning the second faceplate. After the one or more plates are positioned in SI 100, the method may proceed with SI 200.

[00501 In S 1200, portions of connector assemblies may be positioned with respect to faceplates that have been positioned in SI 100. This may include, for example, positioning sleeves, rods, and the like, between two vertically positioned faceplates. Alternatively, but not exclusively, individual sleeves, rods, and the like, may be positioned with respect to.a horizontally placed faceplate. In general, connector assemblies i-nay include, for example, combinations of sleeves, rods, and the like, positioned between opposing faceplates and/or intermediate plates between the faceplates.

[00511 After a plurality of the portions of the connector assemblies are positioned with respect to the plates, the method may continue with S 1300.

[00521 In S 1300, portions of the connector assemblies that have been positioned may be secured to one or more faceplates, and/or intermediate plates. Various configurations for the securing mechanisms will be described further below. By way of example, in circumstances where two opposing faceplates are positioned vertically, with sleeves for the connector assemblies placed between the faceplates, and rods running through the sleeves and holes in the opposing faceplates, the rods may be secured to an outer portion of the faceplates by attaching, for example, a nut to a threaded end of the rods. It should be noted that embodiments may include where particular connector assemblies are configured to be secured with differently configured mechanisms at opposite ends. For example, one end of a through connector assembly may receive a bolt through the faceplate, whereas the opposite end of the through connector assembly may be engaged with the opposite faceplate, and/or a nut external to the faceplate, via threading on the connector assembly hole in the opposite faceplate, and/or the nut. Alternative securing means may be beneficial in circumstances where the assembly process is different for different sides of the assembly module, for example, if the first faceplate is assembled with the through connector assembly in a horizontal position, it may be advantageous to use methods in which the through connector assembly is fixedly engaged with the faceplate itself, whereas the second faceplate may be attached though a more expedient method that only involves turning an accessible portion of the connector assembly, e.g., a bolt through the second faceplate.

[0053] In embodiments, a connecting mechanism may be applied from an outside of at least one of the faceplates to attach with portions of the through connector assemblies that are at least partially in the transverse void. As discussed herein, through connector assemblies may include portions, contiguous or non contiguous, that traverse, or partially traverse, the transverse void, as well as portions that extend partially, or fully, through one or more through holes in faceplates and intermediate plates. Connecting mechanisms described herein may be advantageous in assembly processes by reducing the amount of work that needs to be done in the transverse void, as well as allowing for adjustments in tension of the through connector assemblies: For example, during Si 300, a pre-tensioning of the through connector assembly may be accomplished, for example, by adjusting a thread engagement of a securing mechanism. The appropriate amount of pretensioning can vary significantly depending on factors such as, for example, the diameter and material of the bolts, and structural characteristics of securing mechanisms, etc. Pretensioning the assembly may be advantageous in the circumstance where the assembly module is transported and/or lifted prior to placement and filling.

[00541 in embodiments where the through connector assemblies are first secured to a first faceplate, such as in a horizontal orientation, a second faceplate, or intermediate plate may be positioned after securing the connectors to the first faceplate. For example, a second faceplate may be positioned according to a subset of the plurality of through connector assemblies, such as on the four corners, that are configured to extend beyond the rest of the attached through connector assemblies. This may be done by extending internal rods or external sleeves, or elongated collars, beyond the length of the rest of the through connector assemblies. By using the subset of the through connector assemblies, the second plate may be accurately positioned without having to perfectly align all of the through connector assemblies with corresponding holes. After the second plate is properly positioned with respect to the subset of through connector assemblies, the remaining through connector assemblies may be individually adjusted, if needed, with respect to the corresponding through hole in the second plate.

[00551 After sufficient connections are made between the opposing faceplates, any intermediate plates, and/or the plurality of through connector assemblies, the method may continue to S 1400.

100561 In S 1400, the assembly module may be positioned in a location for filling. This may include, for example, transporting the module from an assembly location to a worksite where a building is being manufactured. In a preferred embodiment, the module may be placed in a position substantially where it will be located in the completed structure. In embodiments, the module may be connected with other assembly modules prior to, or after, filling. In embodiments, end plates may be provided to allow for the independent fifing of the individual assembly module. This may be done as part of an initial assembly process, or it may be performed at the on-site location.

(00571 During S1400, a tension of at least one of the through connector assemblies may be checked andlor adjusted to accommodate a desired pre-fihl tension. This may allow for different tensions for transport and filling of the assembly module. After the assembly module is positioned for purposes of filling and any desired pre-tensioning is performed, the method may continue with SI 500.

[00581 In S 1500, the assembly module may be filled with a fill material. Examples of appropriate fIll material may include, for example, concrete, and the like, such as, self-consolidating concrete, green concrete consisting of cement substitutes, fiber-reinforced concrete, etc. In embodiments that address the requirements of nuclear power facilities, concrete may be used to provide sufficient radiation shielding, and structural integrity that will withstand heat, force and other requirements of such specialized applications. After the assembly module is filled, or partially filled, the method may continue with S 1600.

[0059] In S 1600, a post-tensioning of the connector assemblies may be performed. This may be done, for example, after filling at least a portion of the transverse void with the fill material.

In embodiments, the through connector assemblies may be post-tensioned after concrete has cured and gained its sufficient strength to sustain post-tensioning stresses. Such post-tensioning can reduce concrete cracking, especially under severe loads (e.g. earthquake induced loads) and improve the wall strength.

100601 in addition to the above processes, it is an advantage of aspects of the disclosed subject matter that, according to embodiments, an external connector may be easily connected via exemplary through connector assemblies. Thus, an external connection may be made before, during, or after filling of the assembly module. For example, aspects ofthe present subject matter provide an easy way to add attachments to a composite wall, after filling of the wall, by completely or partially removing an external connector from the wall, that is connected with a through connector assembly, and attaching an external connector to the through connector assembly. For example, in embodiments that use a through rod that penetrates the faceplate and engages with a through connector assembly, the nut(s) at the rod end may be removed, a base plate placed on the faceplate, and the nuts restored. Such methods are easily accomplished, and provide improved structural integrity that is built into the wall and through the wall. They also eliminate the need for direct welded attachment to an individual faceplate or need for drilling new holes in the same to install anchor bolts.

[0061j Such mechanisms that attach an external connector to a through connector assembly may provide, for example, means for transmitting an attachment load from an exterior portion of one faceplate to an exterior portion of an opposite faceplate, and means for reducing a stress concentration of an attachment load from an exterior portion of one faceplate.

[0062J After the assembly module is filled to an acceptable level, and a desired post-tensioning is completed, the method may proceed with S 1700 where the method is complete.

[0063J Further structural details regarding an exemplary assembly module are discussed with reference Figure 2. As show in Figure 2, opposing faceplates 210, 212 may be configured with through holes 220, 222. Tn embodiments, through holes 220, 222 may be similarly configured as smooth walled holes, or threaded holes. In the embodiment depicted in Figure 2, for example, the through holes 220, 222 may be smooth walled holes. In other embodiments, the through holes may be differently configured to allow for different attachment mechanisms on either side.

Sleeves 230 may be positioned between the opposing faceplates. Rods, e.g. 240, may be inserted through through holes 220, sleeves 230 and through holes 222. In embodiments, ends of rod 240 may be threaded and rod 240 may be of sufficient length to protrude beyond both of exterior surfaces of faceplates 212 and 210. Securing mechanisms, such as, for example nuts, 250 may be attached to ends of rods 240.

[00641 Configurations such as those depicted in Figure 2 may provide for an assembly process that is easy for unskilled labor and/or capable of automation by simpIif'ing the attachments with opposing faceplates, without the need for complicated welding, and/or work within the transverse void. For example, the faceplates 210, 212 maybe positioned vertically and secured.

A moveable rack system may then be used to place one or more rows of sleeves 230 in appropriate positions with respect to through holes 220, 222. With the sleeves 230 appropriately positioned, rods 240 may be inserted from one side of the assembly module to the other. The exposed ends of rod 240 may then be secured from either exterior side of the assembly module via appropriate securing means. The sleeves 230 may provide advantageous support in restraining the faceplates 210, 212 from caving in during pre and post-tensioning action of the through connector assemblies.

[0065) In alternative embodiments, a first faceplate, similar to faceplate 212, may be provided and portions of through connector assemblies secured to the first faceplate prior to positioning a second plate, such as faceplate 210. A subset of the through connector assemblies may be used to accurately position the second faceplate.

[0066) Additionally, as discussed further below, through holes such as 220, 222 may be threaded in order to allow positive engagement of a sleeve, rod, bolt, or the like, with the faceplate.

[0067) As discussed above, an assembly module, such as depicted in Figure 2, may be filled with a filling material, such as concrete, and provide a portion of a composite wall, as shown in Figure 3. It should be noted that, complete or partial filling of the assembly module may be performed prior to moving the assembly module to the construction location, or placement location, for the module. For example, a portion of the assembly module may be filled prior to moving the assembly module to the construction site. This may be advantageous in circumstances where weather, temperature, or other environmental or other factors make filling of the assembly modules at the construction site problematic. Partial or complete filling may also provide advantages in handling and transportation characteristics as well.

[00681 As shown in Figure 3, a composite wall assembly 300 may include opposing faceplates 310, 312, and connector assemblies including securing mechanisms 320. The composite wall assembly 300 may also include transverse walls (not shown) that help form the extent of the void filled by the fill material. In embodiments, an external connector, such as base plate 330, may be attached via the through connector assemblies and securing mechanisms. The composite wall assembly may include multiple assembly modules that are stacked or otherwise arranged to form a structure. Although depicted in a substantially box-like configuration, the present subject matter is applicable to variously shaped assembly modules and structures and can form myriad shapes and sizes. For example, a plurality of arced assembly modules may be assembled to form complete or partially ring-shaped walls. The assembly modules can be joined to one another by ways known to those of skill in the art, and are not discussed at length herein. Such methods may include welding of the seams of adjacent assembly modules, or using bolted joining means.

[00691 In embodiments, a width W of the wall assembly may be greater than 29 inches. Such thicknesses may be useful in specialized construction applications, such as walls of nuclear facilities that require radiation shielding as well as significant structural strength. In embodiments, an intermediate plate 340 may also be provided in the wall assembly 300.

Intermediate plates may also be useful in providing improved fire resistance, and improved resistance to blast, missiles and the like. For transportation purposes, the L of an individual module may be approximately 60 feet or less to allow a module to be transported on a standard flatbed truck. Likewise, an exemplary H for a module may be approximately 12 feet or less. Of course, modules of greater size than the exemplary dimensions provided are also possible within the scope of the invention. Additionally, instead of placing assembly modules individually, a plurality of assembly modules may be joined together at a construction site and moved together, such as by crane, to a desired placement.

[00701 Aspects of an exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 4. As show in Figure 4, a sleeve 410 may be provided that abuts a faceplate 420. Direct contact of the sleeve 410 with the faceplate 420 is not required and may be accomplished indirectly via washers and other intermediate shimming elements. A rod 430 is housed within the sleeve 410 and extends through the faceplate element 420 and a second faceplate element 422. Unlike some of the known systems, the present subject matter provides for easy and structurally secure ways to use stacked plates as a faceplate, as shown in Figure 4.

-Forming a faceplate from a combination of thinner plates may be advantageous for a number of reasons including, for example, the availability of thinner steel plate and the like, Between the rod 430 and sleeve 410 is a clearance 435. In embodiments, this clearance may be in a range of 1164th of an inch to 118th of an inch. In other embodiments, depending on the tolerances of the sleeve 410 and rod 430, the clearance 435 may be in a range of l/32 or 1/16' to l/8 of an inch. As depicted in Figure 4, the faceplate 420 includes a through hole 440 through which the rod 430 extends. The rod 430 is secured to the faceplate 420 via threaded nut 450 and washer 460. By tightening the nut 450, compression of the faceplate 420 between the washer 460 and sleeve 410 and/or a tension in the rod 430 may be suitably adjusted.

[00711 Aspects of an additional exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 5. As shown in Figure 5, a sleeve 510, may include a threaded end 515 that abuts a faceplate 520. Faceplate 520 includes a through hole 525 that may be threaded to positively engage a bolt 530 that penetrates the faceplate 520 and positively engages with sleeve 510 via female threaded area 515. In embodiments, a bolt shank length sufficient to add a 1 inch to 2 inch base plate may be used. It should also be noted that the hole in faceplate may be smooth with a slight oversize (1/32" to 1/8" excess diameter relative to the bolt diameter).

[00721 A base plate 540 may be secured via washer 560 and bolt 530. Thus, external forces applied to a connector such as base plate 540 may be transmitted via bolt 530 to a through connector assembly including sleeve 510.

[0073J Aspects of an additional exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 6. As shown in Figure 6, a rod 610 with threaded end 615 may penetrate a faceplate 620. Rod 610 may be positioned with respect to the faceplate 620 from an inside of the faceplate via a nut 630 and washer 640 that may act as a stopping mechanism when the rod is positioned in the through hole 625. On the exterior of faceplate 620, the rod 610 may be secured by one or more threaded nuts 650, 660 and washer 670. In embodiments, when a rod 610 is attached to a faceplate 620 in the matter depicted in Figure 6, an opposite end of the through connector assembly may be advantageously secured to the opposite faceplate in a different manner. For example, a male threaded end of rod 610 may be engaged with a female threaded coupling nut that abuts an opposite faceplate. A bolt that penetrates the opposite faceplate may be positively engaged with the collar and secure the through connector assembly to the opposite faceplate. An example of the described opposite mechanism may be scen, for example, in Figure 10. By using different securing mechanisms for opposite ends of the through connector assembly, the through connector assembly can be post-tensioned in ways that are not possible by using two attachments such as depicted in Figure 6.

[0074] Aspects of an additional exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 7. As shown in Figure 7, a rod 710 penetrates a faceplate 720.

Rod 710 may include a stopping mechanism such as the formed protrusion 715 that positions the rod 710 with respect to thefaceplate 720. A threaded end 716 of rod 710 may be positively engaged with a threaded though hole 722 of the faceplate 720 and secured with a threaded nut 730 and washer 740. Through the use of threaded engagement in the nut 730, distribution by washer 740, and threaded engagement with the through hole 722, an exemplary means for transmitting an attachment load from an exterior portion of an opposite faceplate of an exterior portion of faceplate 720 may be achieved. As with the embodiment depicted in Figure 6, an opposite end of the through connector assembly depicted in Figure 7 may be advantageously secured to the opposite faceplate in a different manner than that shown in Figure 7.

[0075] Aspects of an additional exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 8, a sleeve 810 may abut a faceplate 820. A rod 830 may be housed in the sleeve 810 and penetrate the faceplate 820. A mechanical connection, such as a seizing ring 840 and washer 850 may be used to fixedly secure the rod 830 at a position with respect to the faceplate 820. The surface of rod 830 may be contoured or otherwise configured to improve the ability of seizing ring 840 to secure the rod 830 in position.

[00761 Aspects of an additional exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 9, a sleeve 910 with threaded portion 912 may be positively engaged with a threaded through hole 922 of faceplate 920. A securing mechanism, such as a blind flange 930, may be positively engaged with the male threads of threaded portion 912 via female threaded portion 932. Thus, as show in Figure 9, the sleeve 910 is positively engaged with both of the faceplate 920 and blind flange 930. In alternative embodiments, a blind flange, such as 930, may be used to provide a means for pre andlor post-tensioning a through connector assembly via a threaded portion of a sleeve and/or rod by using a smooth through hole in a faceplate that does not positively engage the sleeve and/or rod. In embodiments, first through connector assemblies may be used, or configured, to provide tensioning capability, whereas second through connector assemblies may be fixedly attached, to maintain appropriate distances and the like. An elbow drain may also be used in lieu of blind flange 930. By using elbow drains, drainage from sleeve 910 may be achieved, while limiting ingress in a controlled manner.

100771 Aspects of an additional exemplary connector assembly including a securing mechanism are depicted in Figure 10. As show in Figure 10, a rod 1010 is engaged via male threads with a female threaded portion of collar 1020, a gap 1030 is maintained between an end of the rod 1010 and of through bolt 1040. The through bolt 1040 may be positively engaged with the threads of collar 1020. Through bolt 1040 may secure a through connector assembly to the faceplate 1050 via washer 1060 and collar 1020. By way of example, a coupling nut 1020 may be provided in a length of 4 inches, 6 inches or 8 inches. Such lengths have been found to be sufficient for structural integrity when combined with rods and attachment assemblies, and also to provide desirable adjustabIlity in wall assembly modules to permit external connector attachments such as for example 1 inch to 2 inch baseplates. A distance of approximately 118th of an inch or greater may be present in gap 1030. These types of attachments may be useful for a number of reasons, particularly with respect to modular wall components used in the construction of nuclear facilities. For example, if open pipes are used substantially throughout the length of the through connector assembly, there can be problems with adequate radiation shielding. As such, although the use of through bolts and hollow pipes have been discovered to be efficient mechanisms for securing the through connector assemblies, there may be a need to integrate sufficient radiation protection along with this attachment mechanism. The inventors have found that an efficient way of incorporating the benefits of a hollow sleeve, at least at one end of the through connector assembly, is to use a collar along with a threaded rod. Such an assembly allows for an easy and adjustable connection point at one end of the through connector assembly, while maintaining a substantially solid wall throughout the length of the through connector assembly.

[00781 Figure 11 depicts aspects of an exemplary assembly module for composite wall construction according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 11, opposing faceplates 1110 and 1120 may be connected with a bar 1140. The assembly module may also contain an intermediate plate 1130 through which the bar 1140 passes. It should be noted that, in embodiments, connector assemblies may be connected with an intermediate plate, or passed through the intermediate plate. A slecvc 1150 is placed between the faceplate 1110 and intermediate plate 1130, and a sleeve 1160 is placed between intermediate plate 1130 and faceplate 1120. Threaded ends of the bar 1140 are positively engaged with threaded nuts 1170 and 1180. Washers 1172 and 1182 may also be used to assist in distribution of a load applied by or through the connector assembly to the faceplates 1110 and 1120. Additionally, the faceplates 1110 and 1120 may act as a further means for distributing a load by applying force to an extent of a fill material in transverse void 1190. Additional intermediate plates, similar to 1130, may be placed between faceplates 1110 and 1120.

[0079] Such a configuration is usable, for example, in an assembly module as depicted in Figure 2, and lends itself to the process of(1) vertically placing the faceplates, and any intermediate plates, (2) placing the sleeves in the appropriate positions between the plates, and (3) inserting the rods through the plates and the sleeves. The ends of the rod can then be easily secured from an outside of the assembly module.

[0080] Figure 12 depicts aspects of another exemplary assembly module for composite wall construction according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 12, faceplates 1210 and 1220 are connected with a bar 1230, coupling nut 1240, and bolt 1250. In the example depicted in Figure 12, the bar 1230 may be positively engaged with female threads of through hole 1222 and faceplate 1220. Bar 1230 may be further secured by female threads in the nut 1224, and washer 1226. An opposite end of the bar 1230 may also be threaded and engaged with female threads of collar 1240. Threads of the collar 1240 may also be engaged with threads of through bolt 1250 to secure the through connector assembly to the faceplate 1210. A gap 1244 may be maintained in the collar to allow for adjustment of the through connector assembly.

[00811 As indicated previously, individual through connector assemblies may be attached with an intermediate plate without passing through the full distance of a transverse void. For example, as depicted in Figure 13, a connector assembly 1340 may be attached with a faceplate 1310 and intermediate plate 1320. Another connector assembly 1350 may be connected with intermediate plate 1320 and 1330. This configuration depicted in Figure 13 maybe useful in applications that require additional fire, blast, and/or missile resistance, as well as providing improved strength for handling, transportation, erection, and concrete placement. Such a configuration may also be simple to assemble without requiring collinear sleeve placement in adjacent portions of the transverse void.

[00821 The invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Modifications and alterations of the described embodiments may be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art upon a reading and understanding of the specification. The present invention is intended to include also such modifications and alterations in so far as they come within the scope of the appended claims, or the equivalents thereof.