GB2459474A - A media broadcasting stream containing items of content and a signalling stream containing information about forthcoming replaceable content within the stream - Google Patents

A media broadcasting stream containing items of content and a signalling stream containing information about forthcoming replaceable content within the stream Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2459474A
GB2459474A GB0807401A GB0807401A GB2459474A GB 2459474 A GB2459474 A GB 2459474A GB 0807401 A GB0807401 A GB 0807401A GB 0807401 A GB0807401 A GB 0807401A GB 2459474 A GB2459474 A GB 2459474A
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Prior art keywords
content
stream
signalling
broadcast
break
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GB0807401D0 (en
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George Stronach Mudie
Darragh Ballesty
John Maguire
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S3 Research and Development Ltd
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S3 Research and Development Ltd
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Priority to GB0807401A priority Critical patent/GB2459474A/en
Publication of GB0807401D0 publication Critical patent/GB0807401D0/en
Publication of GB2459474A publication Critical patent/GB2459474A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44213—Monitoring of end-user related data
    • H04N21/44222—Analytics of user selections, e.g. selection of programs or purchase activity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435—Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/4508—Management of client data or end-user data
    • H04N21/4532—Management of client data or end-user data involving end-user characteristics, e.g. viewer profile, preferences
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/458—Scheduling content for creating a personalised stream, e.g. by combining a locally stored advertisement with an incoming stream; Updating operations, e.g. for OS modules ; time-related management operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/466—Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/4667—Processing of monitored end-user data, e.g. trend analysis based on the log file of viewer selections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/654—Transmission by server directed to the client
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
    • H04N21/812—Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/84—Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/08—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/08—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H04N7/081—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division the additional information signals being transmitted by means of a subcarrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H04N7/163—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing by receiver means only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Social Psychology (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present application allows a Profiling Algorithm (7) which is resident on a decoding device (1) to replace portions of an AV stream (5) with alternative pieces of local AV content (8) or remote AV content (9), having received either directly or indirectly advance notification (An) from the Signalling System (3). Consequently, the invention allows for adverts within a broadcast/streamed piece of AV to be replaced with alternative adverts. In contrast to prior art, the decision as to when and where adverts are substituted is made by the decoding device of the consumer without a requirement for the consumer to send any profiling data or the need to pre-register with the content provider.

Description

Title of the Application
Targeted Substitution of content within broadcast AV or streamed AV
Field of the Application
The invention relates to the replacement of broadcast/streamed content at the receiving decoding device.
Background of the Application
Currently, when content is broadcast or streamed to a receiving device, the device decodes it and displays it.
Currently, everyone receiving a broadcast/streamed piece of AV, gets the same adverts.
Proposals have been made that content may be replaced, e.g. adverts, within the broadcast/streamed piece of AV with alternative content (adverts). One such proposal is Challenges and Opportunities with Personalization, Interactivity and Metrics, a presentation by David Puron at iMobicon, Seoul, ROK, August 22, 2007 on the provision of systems to allow the targeted substitution of content.
A difficulty with this proposed method and others is that without knowledge of the end user it is difficult to determine the most appropriate content to be substituted and\or the content it is to be substituted with. Accordingly, methods to date have relied upon information being obtained from the end user in advance of the substitution and this information being provided to the content provider. Moreover, it is difficult to known which content should be replaced and when.
Summary
The present application is directed to providing systems, methods and devices which facilitate content substitution at the point of consumption but are not reliant on providing data back from the consumer to the broadcaster. In particular, this application allows the decoding device to determine if an alternative piece of content may be more appropriate and substitute it in place of broadcast content. Accordingly, the present application provides a signalling system and a receiver as detailed in the independent claims which follow. Advanatageous features and alternative embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims. Other advantages and features will become apparent from the detailed description which follows.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 is a prior art arrangement
Figure 2 is an arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application and Figure 3 is a method according to an embodiment of this application
Detailed description of the Application
The present application will now be described with reference to insertion\replacement of advertising content. Thus, it will be appreciated that the application is not restricted to insertion\replacement of advertising content Whilst these methods are ideally suited to substitution of advertisement content, it is not so limited, thus for example national news\sports content may be substituted by local news\sports content. Additionally, whilst the application refers to the streaming or broadcasting of content, it will be appreciated that the terms are used interchangeably and thus reference to one includes the other unless specifically mentioned as otherwise. The reference to broadcasting and streaming would include both unicast and multicast configurations.
Currently, all persons receiving a broadcast/streamed piece of AV, view the same streamed content and in particular the same adverts. In general, content is prepared either by the broadcaster or by external providers of content in a digital format. An asset management system is used to label the individual pieces of content with appropriate tags, the tags may include simple things such as the title of the content, the provider, the duration, the category of content, e.g. Sports or Drama and sub categories thereof for example in the sports category a sub category might include soccer, rugby etc. It will be appreciated that pieces of content may have multiple tags and it is not necessary for individual items to be restricted to a single tag. Thus for example, a movie about sport might be tagged as both sport and drama. It will be appreciated that the content providers are not necessarily the same as the broadcasters and that there may be more than one content provider for a broadcaster and vice versa.
However, it will be appreciated that the two functions may be partially or completely merged.
Before being broadcast, the individual items of content are arranged into a schedule by a scheduling system. It will be appreciated that the scheduling system arranges when and how pieces of content are assembled together for broadcast.
Once assembled by the scheduling system, the content is broadcast over a suitable communications channel which may be wired or wireless to the decoding devices of the end users.
At the decoding devices, the content is extracted and presented to a user on a suitable display device and/or a loudspeaker\earphone in the case of audio content. In addition, the meta data embedded within the content may be used by the device to provide information to the user, e.g. displaying the title, start time and end time of a movie to a user when a particular channel is selected.
Whilst, this technology is useful, the ability to alter the content received at the decoding device is limited for a number of reasons, including that it is difficult to ascertain what the alternative content might be where the broadcaster has no details on the viewer. Moreover, content substitution has traditionally been performed at the broadcaster end rather than the viewer side, i.e. where national ads are replaced with local ads.
The present application addresses these issues and other and allows for adverts within a broadcast/streamed piece of AV to be replaced with alternative adverts. In contrast to prior art, the decision as to when and where adverts are substituted is made by the decoding device of the consumer without a requirement for the consumer to send any profiling data or the need to pre-register with the content provider.
To achieve this, the consumer decoding device includes a profiling algorithm (7) which monitors how content is consumed generally on the decoding device and takes into account meta-data received about the broadcast/streamed AV content (5) consumed (i.e. content selected for viewing by a user). An example of a piece of AV Content (0) is movie, a TV programme or a TV advert. Thus whilst it is known to provide meta-data with broadcast content, the decoders of the present application, instead of simply presenting this information to a user, monitor the meta-data of content as it is consumed in order to determine the preferences of the user(s) of the decoding device. Thus a profile of the user may be built up over time. The profile may simply create a statistical spread of the viewer so as to indicate whether they have a preference for one type of content over another. The profile created may be more detailed and complex may for example include time information to identify how a user's profile changes with time of the week, thus for example a pattern might show a prevalence for children's content in the afternoon with a prevalence for sports content in the evening. These profiles are stored locally on the decoding devices.
Similarly, the decoding device may be adapted to store content received which is identified as being substitute content for use when substitutable content is subsequently received. In addition, the meta data associated, similar to that for all other items of content, with these items of substitute content may be stored so that they may subsequently be compared with the profile stored on the decoding device in determining the most appropriate replacement content. The meta data associated with the substitute content may include a number of entries dictating the usage of the substitute content. For example, the meta data may identify an expiration date\time for substitute content, a maximum number of occasions for display and\or a priority.
To assist the decoding device in its operation, the broadcast stream is suitably modified and in particular additional information is included to assist the decoding device.
An exemplary mode of operation of the system will now be described with reference to an exemplary configuration. As with existing arrangements, an asset management system is provided. The asset management system allows for the association a set of meta-data with a piece of content. As with the prior art, the meta-data may be used to indicate the name, type and duration of the content. Additionally, in contrast to the prior art the meta-data includes a replaceability' tag, which indicates if the content may be replaced by alternative content at the receiving decoding device. In addition to the replaceability' tag, the sysem may employ a replacement' tag identifying a piece of content as one that may be used in place of another.
As before, a Scheduling system determines how content from the asset management system is to be played out by the Broadcast/Stream Server. The Scheduling System (2) may, with or without the intervention from a user, break a larger piece of content (0) into a number of smaller pieces. Adverts or other items may be inserted in between these smaller pieces or in between entire pieces as would be understood by those skilled in the art.
The scheduling system co-operates with a signalling system (3). The Signalling System (3) reviews the meta-data associated with content which is scheduled by the scheduling system within the AV stream (5). The Signalling System (3) reacts to meta-data where a replaceability tag is identified. when a replaceable item of content is identified as coming up in the near future within the broadcast stream (i.e. as identified by a replaceability' tag) by generating an advance notification message.
This advance notification is forwarded by the Broadcast system to decoding devices as part of or separately from the AV stream. The signalling system sends these advance notifications, for example, if a content break (i.e. the end of one scheduled portion of content and the beginning of another portion of scheduled content) is going to happen in the near future. If this is the case then the Signalling System (3) will issue an Advance Notification message (An) as part of a signalling stream to the decoding device (1) either directly or indirectly using the Broadcast/Stream Server (4). The signalling stream may further include information identifying an upcoming ad break and information detailing one or more of the following: a) the number of ads with the break, b) the number of replaceable ads within the break, c) the duration of each ad, and\or d) indications of which ads within a break are replaceable.
When the Broadcast/Stream Server (4) plays out the scheduled content and AV stream (5) is created. The decoding device (1) receives the AV Stream (5) and will normally render the output on either a local or attached display device (10). However, if a suitable Advance Notification (An) has been received from the Signalling System (3), then a different process may be followed at the decoding device.
The Advance Notification (An) of a content break is important, as it arrives in advance of the related content break. Thus the decoding device (1) has a time period to use the Profiling Algorithm (7) to decide if a more relevant piece of locally available content (8) or remote content (9) can be used instead of the scheduled piece of content which is due to arrive in the AV Stream (5). Suitably, this time period is less than the minute and advantageously less than ten seconds.
The Advance Notification (An) is also important as it allows the decoding device (1) to take into account any local AV buffering. For example, some mobile phones use a 2 second AV buffer. The advance notification allows the decoding device (1) to make decisions in time, which allow for a frame perfect transition between local and broadcast/streamed AV content. Another example of the usefulness of the Advance Notification (An) is with set-top boxes (STB5) or personal video recorders (PVR5).
STBs and PVRs typically receive encrypted broadcasts or encrypted IP streams. As the Advance Notification (An) can be relayed by the Broadcast/Stream server it may also be encrypted, thus the security of the broadcast/Av stream is not compromised.
The Advance Notification (An) may also contain meta-data which is used by the Profiling Algorithm (7) to determine the most appropriate piece of local content (8) or remote content (9). Thus for example, where a piece of content is identified as being replacement' content, it may be stored for subsequent use in replacing a replaceable content item.
The Advance Notification (An) may also contain an absolute or relative indicator of when the related content break will be received by the decoding device (1).
The Advance Notification (An) may also be used by the Profiling Algorithm (7) to determine if the impending piece of the AV Stream (5) should be recorded locally and stored (8) or recorded and stored remotely (9).
The Profiling Algorithm (7) monitors consumer behaviour to determine the most appropriate piece of local content (8) or remote content (9) to be used in place of the impending portion of the AV stream (5).
It will be appreciated that a variety of variations are possible.

Claims (17)

  1. Claims 1. A signalling system for a media broadcast system comprising: means for aggregating items of content into a broadcast stream for broadcast, wherein the means for aggregating the items of content is configured to generate a signalling stream for transmission to a decoding device wherein the signalling stream identifies upcoming replaceable items of content which may be replaced in the broadcast stream by a decoding device.
  2. 2. A signalling system according to claim 1, wherein the signalling system is responsive to an item of content identified by meta data including a replaceable' tag indicating that a piece of content may be replaced by alternative content at a decoding device.
  3. 3. A signalling system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the signalling system is adapted to provide the signalling stream in advance of the delivery of the content.
  4. 4. A signalling system according to any preceding claim wherein the generated signalling stream includes information identifying an upcoming ad break and information detailing one or more of the following: a. the number of ads with the break, b. the number of replaceable ads within the break, c) the duration of each ad, and\or d) indications of which ads within a break are replaceable.
  5. 5. A signalling system according to any preceding claim, wherein the signalling stream includes information indicating the time period.
  6. 6. A signalling system according to any preceding claim wherein the signalling system inserts a marker into the broadcast stream identifying a piece of content and information regarding this marker is provided in the broadcasting stream.
  7. 7. A signalling system according to any preceding claim, wherein the signalling stream and broadcast stream are transmitted over the same channel.
  8. 8. A signalling system according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein the signalling stream is sent on a separate channel to the broadcast stream.
  9. 9. A signalling system according to claim 3, wherein the signalling stream precedes content by a period of less than a minute.
  10. 10. A signalling system according to claim 3, wherein the signalling stream precedes the content by a period less than ten seconds.
  11. 11. A signalling system according to claim 3, wherein the signalling stream precedes the content by about two seconds.
  12. 12. A receiver for receiving a media broadcast, the device being adapted to receive a broadcast stream containing items of content and a signalling stream containing information on the broadcast stream, wherein the device examines the signalling stream to identify forthcoming replaceable content within the broadcast stream, whereupon making such a identification, the receiver determines alternative content for substitution in the broadcast stream to provide a modified stream and presenting the modified stream to a viewer on a display device.
  13. 13. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the substitution is determined by reference to a pattern of viewing recorded on the decoding device.
  14. 14. A receiver according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the alternative content is stored locally on the decoding device
  15. 15. A receiver according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the receiver extracts meta data from the broadcast or signalling stream related to items of content consumed by the user on the receiver in order to build up a profile of a viewer.
  16. 16. A receiver according to claim 15, wherein the determination of alternative content is performed using the viewer profile.
  17. 17. A receiver according to anyone of claims 12 to 16, wherein the signalling stream includes information identifying an upcoming ad break and information detailing one or more of the following: a. the number of ads with the break, b. the number of replaceable ads within the break, c) the duration of each ad, and\or d) indications of which ads within a break are replaceable.
GB0807401A 2008-04-23 2008-04-23 A media broadcasting stream containing items of content and a signalling stream containing information about forthcoming replaceable content within the stream Withdrawn GB2459474A (en)

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EP1645132A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2006-04-12 THOMSON Licensing Method and apparatus for decoding a data stream in audio video streaming systems
US20060218577A1 (en) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-28 Microsoft Corporation Viral advertising for interactive services
WO2007139314A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2007-12-06 Internet Channel21 Co., Ltd. System and method for editing an advertisement in digital broadcasting

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