GB2448262A

GB2448262A - Electrically operated THRT

Info

Publication number: GB2448262A
Application number: GB0812914A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Christopher D Bartlett
Original assignee: FMC TECHNOLOGIES; FMC Technologies Inc
Current assignee: FMC TECHNOLOGIES; FMC Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2003-12-17
Filing date: 2003-12-17
Publication date: 2008-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2023-12-17
Also published as: GB2448262B; GB0812914D0

Abstract

An electrically operated tubing hanger running tool (THRT) comprises an elongated body which includes a first end that is positioned adjacent a tubing hanger 12 and a second end that is connected to a running sting 18, at least first and second locking pistons 42, 44 which are each movably supported on the body, and an electrically operated actuator 70, 78 for moving each of the first and second locking pistons between respective first and second unlocked and first and second locked positions. In the first locked position the first locking piston is engaged with a first locking device to secure the body to the tubing hanger. Also, in the second locked position the second locking piston is engaged with a second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to the wellhead. The electrically operated actuator may comprise electric motors coupled to the locking pistons. Alternatively, the actuator may comprise an electric motor and a hydraulic pump which is driven by the motor. The power for the motor may be supplied by a trickle charged battery.

Description

1 2448262

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED THRT

Background of the Invention

The present invention is directed to an actuation tool for subsea completion system 5' components. More particularly, the invention is directed to a THRT which comprises an electrical actuator.

* Subsea completion systems typically comprise a. welihead housing which is located * on the sea floor at the upper end of a well bore, a christmas tree which is secured to the top * of the welihead housing, and a tubing hanger which is landed in either the welihead housing * 10 or the christmas tree and which supports a tubing string that extends through the well bore * and into the subterranean well. Prior to installing the tubing hanger, a blowout preventer ("130P") is usually connected to the top of the wellhead housing or the christmas tree and a low pressure riser pipe is connected between the BOP and a surface rig. The BOP provides * a necessary barrier between the well bore and the environment and allows the riser pipe to be disconnected from the subsea completion system in the event of an emergency.

Numerous subsea completion system components include mechanisms which are actuated by hydraulic pressure that is supplied from the surface rig over an umbilical. One * * such component is a tubing hanger running tool ("THRT"), which is used to install the tubing hanger in the wellhead housing or the christmas tree. Prior art THRT's commonly * 20. include a.cylindrical body and first and second generally tubular locking pistons which are * slidably supported on the body. The first locking piston is adapted to engage a first locking * device to secure the THRT to the tubing hanger, and the second locking piston is adapted to * .. .engage a second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to the welihead housing or the christmas tree.

* 25. . * During installation of the tubing hanger, a running string is connected to the top of the THRT, the first locking piston is actuated to secure the THRT to the top of the tubing hanger, and the assembly is lowered to the subsea wellhead through the riser pipe and the SOP. Once the tubing hanger is landed, the second locking piston is actuated to secure the tubing hanger to the welihead housing or the christmas tree and, when appropriate, the first locking piston is * again. actuated to rele*ase the THRT from the tubing hanger so that the THRT can be retrieved to the surface rig.

The:fst and second locking pistons are typically actuated by hydraulic pressure which is communicated to the THRT through an umbilical that extends from the surface rig.

The. lower end of the umbilical is often terminated in a slick joint which is located at the upper end.of the BOP when the tubing hanger is. landed in the wellhead housing or the christmas tree. The slick joint allows the BOP rams to close and seal around the running string or the THRT without interference from the umbilical.

Although the slick joint allows the BOP rams to form an effective seal without interference from the umbilical when the BOP is located subsea, several operators are exploring the possibility of mounting the BOP on the surface rig and connecting the BOP with the subsea completion system using a high pressure riser pipe. This arrangement requiies that the hURT umbilical pass through the BOP rams, Which may prevent the BOP rams from sealing adequately in the event of an emergency. A possible solution to this problem is to connect the umbilical to a special BOP spanner joint which is located adjacent the surface-mounted BOP. However, this requires that the umbilical be cut to an exact 15. length to properly span the distance between the spanner joint and the subsea. welihead or christmas tree, and the use of such custom-length umbilical for each subsea completion system is undesirable. Another solution is to employ composite riser pipe joints which incorporate hydraulic conduits for the THRT. However, these composite joints are time consuming to install and their hydraulic conduits are difficult to fill and flush.

Summary of the Invention. 0

In accordance with the present invention, an electrically operated THRT is provided * for installing.a tubing hanger in a wellhead or the. like. The THRT comprises an elongated body which includes a first end that is positioned adjacent the tubing hanger and a second end that is connected to a running string, at least first and second locking pistons which are each movably supported on the body, and an electrically operated actuator for moving each of the first and second locking pistons between respective first and second unlocked and first and second locked positions. In the first locked position the first locking piston is engaged with a first locking device to secure the body to the tubing hanger. Also, in the second 30. * locked position the second locking piston is engaged with a second locking device to secure the tubinghanger to the welihead. . . . The electrically operated actuator of this embodiment may comprise a first electric motor which is coupled to the first locking piston and a second electric motor which is coupled to the second locking piston. The first and second electric motors may be, for example, rotary motors, in which event the THRT preferably further comprises means for converting the rotary output of each of the first and second motors: into axial translation of the corresponding first and second locking piston.

Alternatively, the electrically operated actuator may comprise an electric motor and a hydraulic pump which is driven by the motor. In this event, when the motor is operated the hydraulic pump generates hydraulic pressure which actuates the first and second locking pistons.

In each of the foregoing embodiments, the present invention may further comprise a power source for the motor, such as a battery which is located proximate the motor. In addition, the invention may comprise a control unit for controlling the operation of the electrically operated. actuator. The control unit is preferably activated by control signals which are transmitted from a surface rig. In one embodiment of the invention, the control signals are transmitted wirelessly from the surface rig to the control unit.

Thus, the electrically operated actuation tool of the present invention does not require a hydraulic umbilical from a surface rig. In addition, since the actuation tool may be powered by a battery and controlled by a control unit which are both ideally located on the actuation. tool, no need exists for any umbilical or cables from the surface rig which could interfere with the sealing of the BOP rams.: These and other objects and advantages. of the present invention will be made apparent from the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In: the drawings, the same reference numbers may be used to denote similar components in the various embodiments.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a representation of a THRT embodying the present invention which is being used to install a tubing hanger in an exemplary welihead housing; Figure 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the THRT of Figure 1 showing the first locking piston engaged with the first locking device to secure the THRT to the tubing hanger and the second locking piston engaged with the second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to the wellhead housing; Figure 3 is a partial cross sectional view of the TI-IRT of Figure 1 shown just prior to being secured to the tubing hanger; Figure 4 is a partial cross sectional view of the THRT of Figure 1 showing the first locking.

* piston engaged with the first locking device to secure the THRT to the tubing hanger; * Figure 5 is a partial cross sectional view of the THRT of Figure 1 showing the second locking piston engaged with the second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to the welihead housing; Figure 6 is a partial cross sectional view of the THRT of Figure 1 showing the first locking * piston disengaged from the first locking device to release the THRT from the tubing hanger; Figure 7 is a representation of a second embodiment of a THRT embodying the present invention, wherein several components are depicted schematically.

Figure 8 is a representation of yet another embodiment of the electrically operated THRT of the present invention, wherein several components of the actuation tool are depicted schematically.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

An electrically operated actuation tool may be used in conjunction with a THRT to provide the electrically operated THRT of the present invention.

In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, an electrically operated THRT comprises one or more electrical actuators which are incorporated therein.

In addition, instead of hydraulically actuated mechamsms, the THRT includes a number of mechanisms which are similar in function but are actuated by the electrical actuators.

* 25 Consequently, the actuation tool eliminates the need for a hydraulic umbilical from the surface rig to the THRT.

Thus, referring to Figure 1, the electrically operated actuation tool is shown incorporated into a THRT, which is indicated generally by refer.ence number 10. The THRT is shown being used to install a tubing hanger 12 in a wellhead 14 that is located at the upper end of a subsea well bore. The tubing hanger 12 can be any of a variety of tubing hangers which are used to suspend a tubing string 16 in.thé well bore, and the wellhead 14 can be any component in which a tubing hanger may be supported, such as a welihead housing, a tubing head, a tubing spool, a christmas tree or a spool tree. The THRT 10 is secured to the tubing hanger 12 in a manner which will be described below, and these * components are lowered on a suitable running string 18 through a riser 20 arid a BOP 22.

* For purposes of illustration, the riser 20 is shown to comprise a diverter 24 which is connected to a surface rig 26, a low pressure riser string 28 which is cOnnected to the diverter, and a slip joint 30 which is incorporated into the riser string between the diverter and the BOP 22. However, as will be readily understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, the riser 20 may comprise other combinations of components that are arranged in various manners.

The BOP 22 includes a number of BOP rams 32 for sealing around, the running string 18 andkr the THRT 10 in order toprovide a pressure barrier between the well bore and the environment in the event one of the primary pressure barrirs in the subsea completion system should fail. Although the BOP 22 is shown connected between the riser 20and the welihead 14, it could be located on the surface rig 26, in which event the riser would preferably comprise a high pressure riser string extending from the BOP to the wellhead 14.

Referring.to Figure 2, the THRT 10 comprises an elongated, generally annular body 34 which includes an upper end 36 that is secured to the running string 18 such as by threads (not shown) and a lower end 38. that is ideally received within a receptacle 40 located in the * top of the tubing hanger 12. The THRT. 10 also comprises a first preferably cylindrical locking piston 42 which is slidably supported on the body 34 and is adapted to engage a first locking device, to secure the-THRT. to the tubing hanger 12, and a second preferably * * cylindrical locking piston 44 which is slidably supported on the body and is. adapted to * engage a second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to the wellhead 14.

25. * The first locking device can comprise any mechanism which operates to secure the body 34 to the tubing hanger 12. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, for example, the first locking device includes an expandable lock ring 46 which is supported on the THRT 10. When the first locking piston 42 is moved from an upper or unlocked position to the lower or locked position shown in Figure 2, a cam ring 48 formed on or connected to the lower end of the first locking piston forces the lock ring 46 radially * outwardly into a corresponding groove 50 jn the receptacle 40 to thereby lock the THRT 10 to the tubing hanger 12. * The second locking device similarly can comprise any suitable mechanism which functions to secure the tubing hanger 12 to the welihead 14. *For example,. the second locking device may comprise an expandable lock ring 52 which is adapted to be engaged by a locking mandrel 54 that is slidably supported on the tubing hanger 12. When the second locking piston 44 is moved from an upper or. unlocked position to the lower or locked *position shown in Figure 2, the second locking piston forces the locking mandrel 54 downward, and a lower nose portion 56 of.the locking mandrel forces the lock ring 52 radially outwardly into a corresponding lock groove 58 in the wellhead 14 to thereby secure the tubing hanger 12 to the welihead.

If desired or required,. the THRT 10 may also include suitable means to releasably * connect the second locking piston.44 to the locking mandrel 54. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shown Figure 2, for example, the THRT 10 comprises a number of resilient collet fingers 60 which are attached to the second locking piston 44 and * which each comprise an enlarged head portion 62 that. is.biased into a corresponding groove 64 in the locking mandrel 54 to thereby releasably connect the locking mandrel to the second locking piston.

* In this embodiment of the invention, the electrically operated actuation tool further comprises at least one and preferably. two electrical actuators to move the locking pistons 42, 44 between their unlocked and locked positions. In one embodiment of the invention, for exarnple,:the actuatiOn tool cornprises a firstlelectrical actuator 66 to move the first locking. * piston 42 into and out of engagement. with the first locking device and a second electrical actuator 68 to move the second locking piston 44 into and out of engagement with the *second locking device. As will be made apparent below,the first and second electrical actuators 66, 68 are incorporated into the THRT 10. ... * *. .

* * * As shown in Figure 2, the first electrical actuator 66 includes an electric motor 70 which.is coupled through a suitable transmission mechanism to the first locking piston 42...DTD: The motor 70 can be any suitable device which operates to convert electrical energy into * work. The speciüc motor 70 chosen for the THRT 10 will be dictated by the size and configuration of the THRT 10, the forces. required to actuate the first locking piston 42 and the specific transmission mechanism used to couple the motor to the first locking piston.

Thus, the motor. 70 can comprise any of a variety of rotary or linear motors or electromagnetic actuators. In addition, the motor 70 may be mounted on the body 34 of the* THRT 10 or within a corresponding. recess which is formed in the body. . -.

In.the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2,. the. motor 70 comprises a rotary motor and the transmission mechanism includes a suitable gear train to convert the 5. rotary output of the motor into axial translation of the first locking* pistOn 42. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, for example, the transmission mechanism includes a pinion 72 which is connected to the output shaft of the motor 70, a ring gear 74 which is rotatably' supported on the body 34, and a sleeve 76 which.is attached to or formed integrally with the first locking piston 42. The ring gear 74 comprises a threaded outer diameter surface and a geared inner diameter surface which engages the pinion 72, and the sleeve 76 comprises a threaded inner diameter surface which engages the threaded outer diameter surface of the ring gear. In addition, the first locking piston 42 is ideally keyed to the body 34 to prevent the first locking piston from rotating relative to the THRT 10. In this manner, rotation of the pinion 72 will rotate the ring gear 74 which, due to the threaded interface between the ring gear and the sleeve 76, will cause the first locking piston 42 to move axially on the body 34 to bring the first locking piston into or out of engagement with the first locking device.

The second electrical actuator 68 is ideally similar in construction and operation to the first electrical actuator 66. Thus, the second electrical actuator 68 preferably. comprises a rotary motor 78 which is mounted on or in the body 34 of the.THRT 10 and is coupled to the second locking piston 44 by a suitable transmission mechanism. In the embodiment of the.

invention.shown in Figure 2, for example, the transmission mechanism includesa pinion 80 which is connected to the. output shaft of the motor 78, a ring. gear 82. which.is rotatably * .:. . . supported on the body 34, and a sleeve 84 which is artached to.or formed inteally with the 25. ;second locking piston 44. The ring gear 82 comprises a threaded outer diameter surface and * a geared inner diameter surface which engages the pinion 80; and the sleeve 84 comprises a threaded inner diameter surface which engages the threaded outer diameter surface of the ring gear. In addition, the ring gear 82 preferably comprises an outer diameter surface which is keyed to the innerdiameter surface of a tubular retainer 86 that is rigidly, secured to the * * body 34 to thereby prevent the second locking piston 44.from rotating relative to the body.

Thus, rotation oS the pinion 80 will rotate the ring, gear 82 which, due to the threaded connection between the ring gear and the sleeve 84, will cause the second locking piston 44 to move axially on the body 34 to bring the second locking piston into or out of engagement with the second locking device As an alternative to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, the rotary motors 70, 78 may be replaced with one or more linear motors that are connected to their respective first and second locking pistons 42, 44 via a suitable transmission or mechanical linkage. For example, the output cylinder of each linear motor may be connected directly to a corresponding locking piston 42, 44, in which event activation of the motors will result in the direct actuation of the locking pistons. Alternatively, the output cylinder of each linear motor may be connected to its corresponding locking piston 42, 44 through one. or more mechanical linkages. Other embodiments of the electrical actuators 66, 68 may be readily derived by the person of ordinary skill in the art from the above description and should therefore be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Referring again to Figure 1, the electrically operated THRT may also include a suitable power source for the motors 70, 78. For example, the THRT may include a battery pack 88 which is mounted on or within the body 34 of the THRT 10. The battery pack 88 is ideally sized to permit the motors 70, 78 to complete all of the operations required to install, service or retrieve the tubing hanger 12. However, the battery pack 88 may be trickle charged through a simple electrical cable which is connected. to a suitable power supply on the surface rig and which, in the event that it is severed by the BOP rams 32, can be easily and inexpensively replaced. . . . . . . , *.

The THRT may also comprise a control unit 90 to control the operation of the.

motors 70, 78. The control. unit 90 may be mounted.on or within the body 34 of the THRT l0:and is optimally activated remotely: through,. for example, acoustic. telemetry signals which are generated by a transmitter.92 that is located on the surface rig 26. .Thus; when.. . . used in conjunction with the battery pack 88, the control unit.90 permits the THRT 10 to operate without the need for an umbilical or any other. such cables extending from the surface rig 26 which could interfere with the sealing ability of the BOP 22. Alternatively, the control unit 90 may be located on the surface rig 26 and its control signals transmitted to the motors 70,78 via a simple electrical cable which, in the event it is severed by the BOP rams 32, is easy and inexpensive, to replace. In.yet another embodiment of the invention,: .. S both the power source 88 and the control unit 90 for the motors 70, 78 may be located on the surface rig 26 and connected to the motors via a replaceable electrical cable.

The operation of the THRT 10 will now be described with reference to Figure 3 through 6.. The THRT.10. is ideally designed to. operate in a manner similar to prior art.

THRT's; Thus, with the first and second locking pistons 42, 44 both in their upper or unlocked positions, the THRT 10 is lowered into the receptacle 40 of the tubing hanger 12 * 5 until the collet fingers 60 engage the locking mandrel 54 (Figure 3). The motor 70 is then * activated to move the first locking piston 42 downward into engagement with the lock ring 46 to secure the THRT 10 to the tubing hanger 12 (Figure 4). In this position, the outer diameter surface of the sleeve 76 will ideally trap the heads 62 of the collet fingers 60 into the groove 64 to ensure that the locking mandrel 54 will remain connected to the first locking piston 42 and in its raised or unlocked position as the tubing hanger 12 is lowered to * the wellhead 14. .... . Once the tubing hanger 12 is landed in the wellheàd 14, the motor 78 is activated to move the second locking piston 44 downward and force the locking mandrel 54 into * engagement with the lock.ring 52 to secure the tubing hanger to the welihead (Figure 5).

After the tubing hanger 12 has been tested, the well bore circulated and any other required procedures completed, the motor 70 may again be activated to move the first locking piston 42 upward out of engagement with the lock ring 46 to thereby release the THRT 10 from the *tubing hanger (Figure 6). In this position, the second locking piston.44 may be disconnected from.the mandrel 54 by simply pulling upward on the THRT 10, which action will release 20. collet fingers 60 from the groove 64 a. result, the mandrel 54 will. remain in its lowered or locked position to maintain the tubing hanger 12 firmly secured to the wellhead 14.. . The THRT. 10 may then be retrieved to the surface rig 26. Retrieval, of the tubing.

hanger. 12 from the surface rig 26 may. be accomplished by reversing.the above-described.

procedures. . *: * . . -. * 25' In accordance with another embodiment. of the present invention, the electrically operated actuation tool comprises an electrical motor and a hydraulic pump, both.of which are incorporated into the THRT. The electrical motor drives the hydraulic pump to thereby generate hydraulic pressure which is -used to actuate the THRT. This embodiment is particularly useful for THRTs which are normally' actuated hydraulically. Since these * typically include one or more hydraulically actuated mechanisms. and corresponding hydraulic lines, they wi,ll require only minor modifications to work with the current embodiment of the invention.

Accordingly, referring to Figure 7, the electrically operated actuation tool is shown :..incorporated into a THRT 100. -The THRT l00 is similar to a conventional THRT in that it comprises an elongated, generally annular body 102 which hasan upper end 104 that may be secured to a suitable running string and a lower end 106 that is adapted to engage a tubing hanger: The THRT 100 also includes a first cylindrical locking piston 108 which is slidably' supported on the body 102, a second cylindrical locking piston 110 which-is slidably * supported on the body above the first locking piston, and a retention sleeve 112.which is * . rigidly secured to the body above the second locking piston. Similar to the.THRT 10 * described above, the first locking piston 108 is adapted to engage a first locking device to secure the THRT to the tubing hanger, and the second locking piston 110 is adapted to engage a second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to a welihead or the like.

The THRT 100 also includes a number of piston chambers to which hydraulic pressure is communicated in order to actuate the first and second locking pistons 108, 110.

* . -In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 7, for example, a first radial * 15 flange 114 on the body 102 cooperates with a cylindrical recess 116 on the inner diameter of the first locking piston 108 to form a first sealed piston chamber 11 8a and a second sealed piston chamber 11 8b.

Also, the retention sleeve.112. cooperates with the second locking piston 110 to.

define a. third sealed piston chamber 1 20a, and the second locking piston cooperates. with a * 20. second radial flange 122 on the body 102 to form a. fourth sealed piston chamber I 20b. The first and second radial flanges 114, 122 may either be.forrned integrally with the, body 102 or comprise'.separate rings which are welded, threaded, press fit. or otherwise. attached to the * * * body. * . . ..* * . . * * . . :.

.. . . . . . . In operation of the THRT 1.00, hydraulic pressure is. selectively supplied, to. the first 2.5. . piston. chambers 11 8a to force the first locking piston 108 axially downward to thereby engage the first locking device, and, hydraulic pressure is selectively supplied to the second piston chambers 11 8b to force the first locking piston axially upward to thereby disengage the first locking device. Likewise, . hydraulic pressure is selectively supplied to the third.

piston chamber 1 20a to force the second locking piston 11.0 axially downward to thereby engage. the second locking device, and hydraulic pressure is selectively, supplied to the fourth piston chamber 120b to force the second locking piston axially upward to thereby.

disengage the second locking device. In this manner, the THRT 100 may be either locked to ii or unlocked from the tubing hanger, and the tubing hanger may be either locked to or unlocked from.the welihead. : . .

. . . *....DTD: The electrically operated actuation.tool also comprises a hydraulic pump 124 for generating the hydraulic pressure which is supplied to the piston chambers 11 8a, 11 8b, 1 20a and 120b. The hydraulic pump 124 can be any suitable pump which is capable of generating hydraulic pressure, such as a gear pump, a piston pump or a rotary vane pump. The hydraulic pump 124 is fluidly connected to the first piston chamber 118a by a first fluid conduit 126a, to the second piston.chamber 118b by a second fluid conduit 126b, to the third piston chamber 120a by a third. fluid conduit 128a and to the fourth piston chamber 120b.by 10. a fourth fluid conduit 128b. Although not depicted in the drawings, a hydraulic; circuit may be connected between the hydraulic pump 124 and the fluid conduits 1 26a, I 26b, I 28a and 1 28b. The hydraulic circuit may.. comprise number of conventional hydraulic valves, switches or similar means for. controlling the supply of hydraulic pressure to the piston chambers to selectively actuate the first and second locking pistons 108,110. .The design and operation of such a hydraulic circuit will be readily understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art.

The actuation tool further comprises an electric motor 130 for driving the hydraulic pump. 124.. The motor 130, which.maybe similar to any of the electric motors identified above, may be connected to the hydraulic pump 124 either directly or through a suitable gear. . -box (not sho). . In addion, although not illustrated in the drawings, the THRT 100 may * . include a motor controller for controlling, e.g., the output of the motor 130. The selection of an appropriate motor 130 for a.given hydraulic pump 124, as well. as the design of any required gear box and motor controller, are within the knowledge of the person of ordinary *.

* . skill in the art.. . . * . . . . . . S., * 25. The motor 130 may be energized by any suitable power source. . For example, the actuation tool may include a battery pack 132 for supplyingpower directly to the motor 130.

Although the battery pack 132 is preferably sufficiently sized to power the THRT 100 for the entirety of each operation which may be required ofit, the* battery pack may also be trickle charged over a suitable electrical cable' 134 which is connected to a. power supply * located on the surface rig. Alternatively, all the energy required to power the motor 130 may. . .* be obtained from, the power supply.on the surface rig over a suitable electrical cable.

In either event, the actuation tool preferably also includes a control unit 136 for controlling the operation of the motor 130 and any hydraulic circuit within the THRT. The * control unit 136 may be activated by signals which are transmitted over the cable 134 or a V suitable dedicated cable. Alternatively, the control unit 136 may be activated by wireless 5' signals, such as acoustic telemetry signal, which are generated by a transmitter similar to the transmitter 92 discussed above. Of course, the control. unit 136 may be located on the V V V surface rig, in which event the control signals may. be transmitted to the motor 130 over the cable 134, over a dedicated cable, or via the wireless transmitter.

-The hydraulic pump 124 and the motor 130, and if present the battery pack 132 and the:control unit 136, may be mounted either on the exteriorof the body 102 of the THRT V. . 100 or within one or more recesses which are formed in the body. Alternatively, one or more of these components may be housed in a separate structure which is connected V V between the running string and the upper end.104 of the body J 02.

* V Thus, by incorporating the electrically operated actuation tool into the THRT 100, V V the need for an umbilical to transmit hydraulic pressure from the surface rig to the THRT is eliminated. Furthermore, if the TI-IRT 100 also includes the battery pack 132, operation of the THRT will at most require a simple electrical cable 134 to transmit control signals to the * VV motor 130 and, if desired, to cMe charge theV. battery pack. However, if the THRT 100 includes the control unit 136 and the control signals are transmitted wirelessly to the control. V V 20. unit, the:electrically operated. actuation tool eliminates, the need for any cables between the surface rig and the THRT. . . -V * V.. V In accordance with another embodiment of the present. invention, the electrically V operated actuation tool is housed separately frotu theTHRT with which it is intended to be used. As aresult,.the actuation.tool may be used with a conventional hydraulically actuated. V * 25 THRT. . . .. .. * V * . Referring to Figure 8, the electrically operated actuation tool, generally 200, is shown positioned above an exemplary THRT 202. The THRT 202 is V similar in many * respects to the THRT 100 described above in that it comprises a cylindrical body 102, a first V V locking piston 108, a second locking piston 110, a retention. sleeve 112,' and first, second, third and fourth sealed piston chambers 118a, 118b, 1.20a and.120b, respectively. In V addition, hydraulic pressure is communicated to the piston chambers I 18a, ll8b, l2Oa and 120b through corresponding first, second, third and fourth fluid conduits 126a, 126b, 128a 1.., 1., and l28b. However, as with a conventional THRT, the THRT 202 does not comprise a source of hydraulic pressure: Instead, hydraulic pressure is supplied, to the:THRT 202 from an external source. . . . .: ..

In accordance with the current embodiment of the present invention, the actuation tool 200 comprises this external source of hydraulic pressure. The actuation tool 200 thus includes abody 204 which comprises a lower end 206 that is adapted to be secured to the upper end 104 of the TI-IRT 202, an upper end 208 that is releasably connectable to a deployment, device, such as a conventional running string or.a remotely operated vehicle ("ROy"), and an outer diameter surface 210 that is ideally sealingly engageable by the rams of a BOP. In addition, the body 204 may be provided with an axial bore 212 through which well fluids or. the like may be communicated. The body 204 ma be constructed of any suitable material, such as metal or, if the actuation tool 200 is to be deployed by an ROy, preferably plastic. . . . . . The actuation tool 200 also includes several of.the components of the actuation tool described above in connection with the THRT 100, such as a hydraulic pump 124 for generating hydraulic pressure and an electric motor 130 for driving the hydraulic pump.

Also, the actuation tool 200 may include a battery pack 132 for supplying power to the motor 130 and a control unit 136 for controlling the operation. of the motor. The selection, arrangement and operation of these components are preferably as. described above. in connection, with the.actuation tool for the THRT 100. In addition, these components are..

ideally housed within the body 204 so that they may be protected from the subsea environment. . . . .. . .. : c.. The actuation tool 200 further comprises sintable.mearis:.fo communicating the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pump 124 to the fluid conduits 11 8a, 11 8b, 1 20a and 25. 120b in the THRT 202. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 8, for * . example, the actuation tool includes'at least first, second, third and fourth hydraulic lines 214, 216, 218 and 220, respectively, which each extend between the hydraulic pump 124 and corresponding hydraulic coupling members 222. The coupling members 222 are adapted. to ea1ingly engage corresponding coupling members 224, each of which is connected to a respective one of the fluid conduits 11 8a, 11 8b, I 20a and I 20b. . In this manner, when the actuation tool 200 is engaged with the THRT.202, the coupling members 222 and 224 will fluidly èonnect each of the hydraulic lines 214, 216, 218 and 220 with a corresponding one of the fluid conduits 1 18a, I 18b, 120a and 120b. The coupling rnembers 222, 224. may include poppet-type valves-to retain the-hydraulio pressure: within the hydraulic lines and the fluid conduits when the actuation tool 200 is disengaged from the TI-IRT 202. Of course, any other suitable means may be used to reieasably connect the hydraulic lines 214, 216, 218 and 220 with the fluid conduits 1 1'8a, I 18b, l2Oa and 120b, such as conventional stabs.

In operation, the electrically operated actuation tool 200 may be connected between the THRT 202 at the surface rig and then lowered to the subsea welihead on a running string. In this event, the actuation tool 200 is operated in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the THRT 100 to, e.g., secure the THRT 202 to the tubing hanger and then lock the tubing hanger to' the welihead. Alternatively, if the TFIRT 202 is already in position in the welihead, the actuation tool 200 may be deployed independently of the THRT 202, either on a running string from the surface rig or by an ROV from a location proximate the welihead. In this event, the actuation tool 200 is secured to the THRT 202 so that the hydraulic lines 214, 216, 218 and 220 are fluidly connected with the hydraulic conduits 11 8a, 11 8b, I 20a and 1 20b. Thereafter, the actuation tool 200 may be operated in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the THRT 100 to, e.g., secure * -the THRT 202 to the tubing hanger and release the tubing hanger -from the wellhead so that, --the tubing hanger may be retrieved to the surface rig.

It should. be recognized that, while the present invention has been-described in; * . relation to the preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art may develop a wide -variation of structural and operational. details within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. For example, the various elements sho in the different embodiments may-be --. . -combined in a manner not illustrated.above. , -. ----. . 25. * - . --15

Claims

Claims 1. An electrically operated THRT for installing a tubing hanger

in a wellhead or the like, the *THRT comprising: an elongated body which includes a first end that is positioned adjacent the tubing hanger and a second end that is connected to a running string; at least first and second locking pistons which are each movably supported on the body; and an electrically operated actuator for moving each of the first and second locking pistons between respective first and second unlocked and first and second locked positions; wherein in the first locked position the first locking piston is engaged with a first locking device to secure the body to the tubing hanger; and wherein in the second locked position the second locking piston is engaged with a second locking device to secure the tubing hanger to the welihead.
2. The THRT of claim 1, wherein the electrically operated actuator comprises a first electric motor which is coupled to the first locking piston and a second electric motor which is coupled to the second locking piston.
3.... The THRT of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second electric motors comprises a rotary motor.
4. The THRT of claim 3, further comprising means for converting the rotary output of each of the first and second motors into axial translation of the corresponding first and second locking piston.
5. The THRT of claim 1, wherein the electrically operated actuator comprises an electric motor and a hydraulic pump which is driven by the motor, and wherein when the motor is operated the hydraulic pump generates hydraulic pressure which actuates the first and second locking pistons.
6. The THRT of any of claims 1 -5, further comprising a power source for the electrically operated actuator.
7. The THRT of claim 6, wherein the power source comprises a battery.
8. The TI-I1RT of claim 7, wherein the battery is supported on the body.
9. . The THRT of claims 7 or 8, wherein the battery is trickle charged over an electrical cable which is connected to a power supply located on a surface rig.
1.0. The THRT of claim 7, wherein the power source is located on.a surface rig and is connected to the electrically operated actuator by an electric cable.
11. The electrically operated T1-[RT of any of claims I -10, further comprising a control unit for controlling the operation of the electrically operated actuator.
12. The THRT of claim 1, wherein the control unit is activated by control signals transmitted from a surface rig.
13. The THRT of claim 12, wherein the control signals are transmitted over a cable which extends between the surface rig and the control unit.
14: The THRT of claim 12, wherein the control. signals are transmitted wirelessly from the surface rig to the control unit.
15. An electrically operated THRT substantially as described with reference to or as shown in figures 1 -6, or figure 7 of the drawings.